Stratosphere - ke eng see? Bophahamo ba stratosphere ho

Stratosphere - sena ke e 'ngoe ho tseo tse ka holimo ea khetla moea oa polanete ea rōna. E qala ka e bophahamong ba ka bang 11 km le ka holimo fatše. Mona lifofane u se ke ua fofa lifofane mopalami le ka seoelo theha maru. E bitsoang stratosphere ke lera la ozone le ea Lefatše - khetla a masesaane, tse sireletsa lefatše ho tswa kotsi UV ho kenella ka hare.

Aerial khetla ea lefatše

sepakapaka se ke khase enfelopo lefatše haufi le holim 'ka hare tsa banana peels le hydrosphere. Le ka ntle moeli oa eona ke ho butle-butle fallisetseng sepakapakeng. Sebopeho sa sepakapaka se kenyelletsa ditokiseletso likhase: naetrojene, oksijene, argon, carbon dioxide le lintho tse ling, - hammoho le litšila ka mokgwa wa lerōle, marotholi metsi, kristale leqhoa, lihlahisoa tsa combustion e. The karo-karolelano ea mokotla likarolo konokono moea o hlola ka ho sa khaotseng. Ntle le mabaka a ba carbon dioxide le metsi - palo ea tsona sepakapakeng hangata fapana.

dikarolo gasbag

sepakapakeng e arotsoe dikarolo tse 'maloa, tse teng e mong ka holimo ho tse ling tse le ho ba le litšobotsi tsa:

• Moeli o ne o lera - ka ho toba le haufi le holim 'polanete e, ho fetela le ho ba bolelele ba 1-2 km SE;

• troposphere - mokato oa bobeli, moeli ka ntle e teng ka e bophahamong karolelano ea tse 11 km le, e concentrated ka bang metsi 'ohle a mouoane ea sepakapaka, maru a thehoa, ho na le maholiotsoana le anticyclones eketseha bophahamo lopolla mocheso;

• tropopause - ka phetoho kolohantsoeng, tšoauoa ka ho cessation ea phokotso mocheso;

• stratosphere - mokato, extending ho ba bolelele ba 50 km le e aroloe ka likarolo tse tharo: ho tswa 11 ho ea ho 25 km le mocheso fapana hanyenyane, ho tloha 25 ho ea ho 40 - mocheso o phahama ho tswa 40 ho ea ho 50 - mocheso e ntse e ka linako tsohle (stratopause);

• mesosphere fetela le ho ba bolelele ba 80-90 km SE;

• thermosphere fihla 700-800 km le ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, ke ka e bophahamong ba 100 km le leng hona teng Karman line, e neng e nkiloe moeling pakeng Sepakapaka le ka holim'a sepakapaka;

• exosphere boetse o bitsoa libaka qhalakanngoa, mona rarefied khase le felloa ke particulate taba 'me ba fofa sepakapakeng.

liphetoho mocheso ka stratosphere ho

Kahoo e bitsoang stratosphere - e le karolo ea enfelopo gaseous tsa lefatše, tse latelang troposphere ena. Mona mocheso kamehla ho pholletsa le tropopause e, e qala ho fetola. Bophahamo ba stratosphere ke hoo e ka bang 40 km SE. Lower moedi - 11 km le ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Kaha letšoao lena, ho undergoes liphetoho tse nyenyane ka mocheso. Ha e bophahamong ba 25 km SE ea sekhahla futhumatsang qala ho tsoha butle. Ke ho pota 40 km le ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, mocheso e ea eketseha ka ho fihlela ho + -56,5º 0,8ºS. Ho feta moo, e sala e le haufi le likhato lefela ho fihlela ho 50-55 bophahamo km SE. Sebakeng pakeng tsa 40 le 55 km stratopause bitsoang hobane mocheso e-s'o fetohe. Ke libaka phetoho ea ho tloha stratosphere ho mesosphere.

Features ya stratosphere ho

E bitsoang stratosphere ea Lefatše kenyelletsa ditokiseletso ka 20% Boima ba sepakapaka palo yohle. Moea e joalo rarefied hore motho ho lula ka ntle ho sutu e khethehileng ke ke ha khoneha. Ha e le hantle ena e - e mong oa mabaka a hore lifofane ka stratosphere sa qala ho tsoa feela kenngwa tshebetsong.

E mong tšobotsi ea gasbag polanete ea ho 11-50 km le bophahamong eo e ka haholo tse nyenyane palo ya metsi mouoane. Ka stratosphere, kaha lebaka lena, hoo e ka bang mohla theha maru. Bakeng sa ba se na lintho tse bonahalang e le ho haha. Leha ho le joalo, ke ka seoelo ntse ho ka etsahala hore ba boloke seo ho thoeng ke maru nacreous hore ba "khabisitsoeng" stratosphere (setšoantšong bontšitsoeng tlaase mona) ha e bophahamong ba 20-30 km le ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Thin, joalokaha eka nyakallisang ho tloha ka hare ho thuto e ka bonoa ka mor'a hore letsatsi le likele kapa pele letsatsi le chaba. Theha maru nacreous joaloka cirrus kapa Cirrocumulus.

lera la ozone

Ka sehloohong khethollang tšobotsi ea stratosphere le - sena ke palo e kahodimodimo ea sepakapaka kaofela, la ozone le mahloriso. Ho Ho thehoa ke ketso ea khanya ea letsatsi le ho sireletsa lintho tsohle tse phelang polaneteng ea ka mahlaseli a bona kotsi. Lera ozone e teng ka e bophahamong ba 20-25 km le ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. O ₃ limolek'hule ajoa ho pholletsa le stratosphere, 'me esita le ho ba le holim' polanete e, empa ka phahameng ena ho na le ea mahloriso phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lera la ozone le ke 3-4 feela limilimithara. Sena se tla be re sa botenya ke behoa ka likaroloana ena khase ho tloaelehile khatello ea maemo a, mohlala, ha a le holim '. Ozone e hlahisoang ke ho bola ea limolek'hule oksijene tlas'a bohato la mahlaseli mahlaseli ka liathomo tse peli. Ngoe ea tsona e amana le "feletseng" le molek'hule ea ho hlahisa ozone - O _3.

mosireletsi kotsi

Ozone limolek'hule li monyang mahlaseli mahlaseli le wavelength khutšoanyane ho feta 0.1-0.2 microns. Ena ke karolo eo ae phethang ho itšireletsa. Thin lera type genus khase thibela mahlaseli a letsatsi Earth kotsi ho lintho tse phelang.

Kaha ozone phallo moea oela haufi le holim'a metsi. E thehoa ka Earth nakong lialuma le, mosebetsi copiers kapa X-ray. Ho thahasellisang ke hore, ea mahloriso e khōlō ea ozone e bolaeang ho batho. Ho Ho thehoa ke ketso ea mahlaseli a letsatsi libakeng tse haholo silafetse. Lula ho thoeng ozone smog bophelo kotsing. khase type genus ke khona ho senya matšoafo. E ama ho ba teng ha hae le ka dimela e - ba khaotsa ho hlahisa tsela e tloaelehileng.

Lera la ozone le depletion

The bothata ba lesoba ozone e se tšohla ka mafolofolo sechabeng saense mabapi le 70-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. Hona joale re tseba hore timetso ea thebe bakang tšilafalo moea, tšebeliso liindasteri tsa CFCs le ba bang ba metsoako e meng, ho senngoa ha meru, ho thakholoa ha rockets sebaka le phahameng-bophahamong lifofane. Baahi ba matjhabeng ba le amohetse letoto la ditumellano tsa amang phokotso ea ho hlahisa lintho tse kotsi. Pele ho tsohle re bua ka Freon, sebelisoa ho bopa aerosols, tsamaiso ea refrigeration, litima-lebone mollo, tableware lahloang le joalo-joalo.

Tabeng ena, ho na le bopaki le ho bontša hore sebopeho sa ka sekoting ozone ka lebaka la lisosa tsa tlhaho. dintho tse kotsi sepakapakeng ka lebaka la ho foqoha ha seretse se chesang 'me litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, tsa liphoso tsa banana peels oceanic. Kajeno, potso ea sehlooho seabo ho timetsoa batho ba lera la ozone le bakeng sa 'maloa ba bo-rasaense ba ntse khang.

Fofang stratosphere ho

Tsebe e bitsoang stratosphere o ile a qala ka 30s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. Kajeno, ho fihlela ho e bophahamong ba 20 km SE ngoangoarela ntoa le lifofane supersonic khoebo. Mark ka 40 km SE libalune bophahamong boemo ba leholimo e finyella. Rekoto ea bophahamo, eo e ile ea fihla e unmanned balune - 51,8 km SE.

Butle-butle ipabola karolo ena ea mokotla moea le ba ratang lipapali tse feteletseng. Ka 2012, Austria skydiver Felix Baumgartner entse hore ho qhoma ho tloha stratosphere ho ba bolelele ba hoo e ka bang 39 km SE. Ho roba tse-sefofane mokoallo molumo, e lula ka tsela e sireletsehileng. Baumgartner qhetsola tlaleho bakeng sa motlatsi oa mopresidente oa Google Alan Yustas. Bakeng sa metsotso e 15 o ile a ea, le bona ba fihla lebelo la molumo, 40 km SE.

Kahoo, kajeno stratosphere - sena ke ho feta unexplored lera ea sepakapaka, ho ena le ho qalong ea tse lekholo tse fetileng. Empa a sa ntse se e hlakileng haholo ke bokamoso ba lera ozone, ntle eo ho eona ho ne e ke ke bophelo Lefatšeng. Hafeela naha khaola tlhahiso ea Freon, ba bang ba bo-rasaense ba bolela hore ho ke ke a etsa se molemo haholo, bonyane ka lebelo le basebetsi ba bang hore ha ho hlokahale hore, hobane ba bangata ba dintho ea kotsi a tlohele e hlahisitseng tlhaho. Ke mang ea nepileng - nako o tla ahlola.