Semanolli tatso: sebopeho le mosebetsi

Tlhahisoleseding e tsoang lefatšeng Link e lemohuoa ka rona le hlaphohetsoe likelellong. Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa bona o khetha ba 'mele oa motho o khona ho ka ho lekaneng ho araba liphetoho tsohle tikoloho. Phello e qetellong ea ea ka tšebetso ea mecha ea kutlo, e leng ho utloa, ho bona, ho fofonela, ho latsoa, tactile boikutlo le skeletal sensations ke ho hlaha 'me kamohelo ya ho susumetsa ba bang.

Le leholo Russia physiologist I. P. Pavlov fumanoa hore sebopeho sa sensations nka karolo ea setsi sa boko cortical ho eo methapo ea kutlo centripetal tsa thabo e tlisoa ke ho receptors ea methapo ea kutlo. Systems e entsoeng ka likarolo tse ling tsa cortex bokong le litseleng - methapo le receptors, o ile a bitsoa semanolli kapa kutlo tsamaiso ea. Gustatory semanolli, sebopeho le mesebetsi ya tse hlalositswe anatomical lona le litšobotsi morphological, e tla tšohloa sehloohong sena.

The mochine oa ketsahalo ea tatso

Hoo e ka bang tsohle dintho hore re sebelise e le lijo, tatso. The physiology tse 4 tsa motheo tatso: monate, bohloko, bolila le letsoai temoho le khethollo ea semanolli eo o etsa flavoring. Tatso ka hlalosoa e le maikutlo a limolek'hule tsa lintho tse lik'hemik'hale akarelletsa receptors lijo sebakeng molomo le ka leleme. Ho utloisisa hore na ke mosebetsi oa semanolli tatso, re retelehela ho ithuta sebopeho lona. Ho joalo, nahana shebahala joaloka sebakeng sena ba 'mele ea rōna.

Mafapha a latsoa semanolli

Ka 'mele ea rōna, ho na le tsamaiso e khethehileng, e leng ke le boikarabelo ba ho utloa, ho bona, ho fofonela, le hlaphohetsoe likelellong tactile. Gustatory semanolli, sebopeho le mesebetsi ya eo re neng re ithuta le bopilwe ka likarolo tse tharo. Pele o bitsoa pheriferale, kapa receptor. Ka potlako o ile lemoha le ho susumetsa ba bang ha tikoloho eo etsa hore dipheletso methapo ea kutlo ka maqhubu a ba fokolang, ho fetola ka litakatso bioelectric.

Di a tšoaetsanoang ka karohano ea bobeli ea semanolli tsa tatso - mokhanni. O emeloang ke afferent methapo ea kutlo. Ke pherekano e kena cortical karolo flavoring semanolli, e leng libaka tse itseng tsa boko, 'me moo ho na le ke sebopeho sa tatso.

Features ya pheriferale

Flavoring semanolli, joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, ho e na le likarolo tse tharo. Nahana ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane ho receptor kapa pheriferale arohane. E rometsweng chemoreceptors susumetsa ba phopholetsa ka sebōpeho sa metsoako fapaneng lik'hemik'hale, 'me o ela hloko ba ka matla, boleng (bokgoni fela) le e matla. Chemoreceptors ke karolo ea tatso buds, bulbs kapa hore letheba molomo le leleme. The dipheletso methapo ea kutlo tse nahanela tatso letsoai, teng ntlheng ea leleme le ka metshetshe, ho ikutloa ke tlalellane - ka ba le motso oa leleme, ho monate - ka keletso, ho e bolila - ka metshetshe.

The haholo tatso Bud ha ea ka ho toba ho holim 'a lera mucous ya puo,' me e amana le eona ka pore tatso. E mong le e chemoreceptor kenyelletsa ditokiseletso tloha villi 40 ho ea ho 50. Lintho tse e ne e akarelletsa ho ikopanye le lijo le halefisa bona, oo ka oona ka karolo e itseng pheriferale tsa gustatory thulaganyou e oona tsamaisong tlhotlheletso etsahala, phethola ka tsoheloa. Ka lilemo, batho ba tatso nahanela monyako e ile ea eketseha, ke hore, matla a ho lemoha flavors sa tšoaneng fela.

Liphoofolo, ho nahanela ba semanolli tatso le lilemo hang fetola, ho feta moo, kamano e pakeng tsa tatso le litsamaiso olfactory ba boletse tse ling tse ngata. Ka mohlala, ka likatse latsoa buds (Jacobson methapo) ke ka nako e boetse e le olfactory methapo ea kutlo e qetellong, e leng thusa hore ho molemo kgethollo boleng ba lijo.

Kamoo wiring kabelo

Ho tsoela pele ho hlahloba libaka tse semanolli tatso, nahana kamoo litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo ho tloha chemoreceptors ka fihla bokong. Ho etsa sena, ho na le karolo ea wiring. E emeloang ke tsela e le 'ngoe le litlheferetsi. Ho akarelletsa ho methapo 'maloa: sefahleho, glossopharyngeal, vagus,' me-lingual. Ho mo ea litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo fihla ka bakoang boko - ka e medulla oblongata le borokho, 'me ho bona - ho thalamus optic (thalamus)' me, qetellong, ka lobe ya ntango ya cortex bokong.

Tshenyo mokhanni karolo flavoring semanolli, mohlala, ka lebaka la sefahleho methapo ea kutlo paresis fellang ka ho lahleheloa ke ya leeme la nahanela tatso. Ka tsereletsi ho buoa, mohlala, ka ho tshebetso ka sefahleho lehata karolo decreases conduction la litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo hammoho methapo pampitšana le mong, haholo-holo ea sefahleho le vagus, tseo le tsona li etsa hore motho ea fokotseha ka nahanela tatso.

Cortical lefapha gustatory oona tsamaisong

karolo Cortical tsa analyzers kapa ofe o teng hakaalo emeloa ke karolo e lekanang ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, teng ka cortex bokong. Ho etsoa mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea ho semanolli tatso - temoho le ho se tšoane ha tatso. Tlhotlheletso ya methapo phallang centripetal ka lobe ya ntango ya cortex bokong, moo ho qetela khethollo ea hlaha ka letsoai, e babe, monate le bolila tatso ea lijo.

Kamano ea sebopeho sa le mosebetsi oa semanolli tatso

All likarohano tse tharo oona tsamaisong gustatory ba inextricably amana. Tshenyo e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsena (receptor, lithapo kapa diporopo) kapa dikgokelo bona ho e itlhomme pele e mong le e tse ling tse ho lahleheloa ke matla a ho lemoha le tatso le khethollo. Anatomical sebopeho flavoring semanolli rerang ho khethehileng tsa sensations tatso tse etsahalang ka lebaka la ho tlhotlheletso ya chemoreceptors ea buds tatso.

Takatso ea lijo. O ile a tsoa hokae?

Maikutlong le fisioloji litlhoko tsa ka ja lijo le maikutlo a ntle tseo a hlaha pele ho tshebediso ea eona e leng mokhoa oa ho ja, e bitsoang takatso ea lijo. Ka sebopeho lona, ho phaella ho lekala bonwang amehang le tatso oona tsamaisong olfactory.

The mofuta monko oa lijo le, ya e le hantle, tatso lona di masusu susumetsa ba bang, a etsa hore ho dipheletso methapo ea kutlo ho buds tatso nyakallo tshebetso. O kena ka setsi tshilong ya dijo sebakeng sa medulla oblongata, 'me le tsona ka sebopeho ea tsamaiso limbic le thalamus.

mouthfeel amohela enjene

Joalokaha ho boletsoe bo-rasaense ba physiologists nyakallo hlaha ho tswa ho lijo, olfactory le ho susumetsa ba bang bonwang (tatso, ponahalo le monko oa lijo) ka puo ea chemoreceptors ena. Kamohelo ya mefuta e fapaneng ya tatso (bohloko, monate, bolila, letsoai) le shades entsoeng ka katisediwa le maiketsetso mosebetsi oa ho ea bokong likarolo a phahameng - ka cortex bokong. Mo lobe ya ntango le e le setsi sa tatso.

pathologies tse sa tšoaneng le likotsi, e leng ho undergoes semanolli flavoring etella pele ho ageusia - leeme kapa ka ho feletseng ho lahleheloa ke sensations tatso. Ho ka boetse ha etsahala hore motho a ka bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la mafu a bongata ba kokwanahloko ea matsoafo (rhinitis, sinusitis) eo ho ruruha e hlokometse nasopharyngeal mucosa. Hyperthermia (mocheso ka dithulaganyo hlabang 'meleng) Hape fokotsa nahanela ya chemoreceptors.

and analysis thetsana lijo

Leha ho sebopeho sa semanolli tatso batho bohle ka tsela e tšoanang, ba bang ba rōna, ka lebaka la ho, pele ho tsohle, libōpeho le liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho na le e tlase monyako. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le eketsehile ka makhetlo bokhoni ba ho khetholla mebala e lijo ho feta le flavors. The semanolli tsa tatso le olfactory batho ba joalo e bitswang latsoang ka phapang e tatso le a nkha, ho etsa mohlala, ho tloha ka mefuta ea 200 ho ea ho ba 450 ba tee. Boholo ba rōna re sebelisa tatso oona tsamaisong kutlo haholo-holo bakeng sa ho hlahloba ka palatability ya dijo, ka tsela eo ho khotsofatsa tlhoko ea bona ea ho ba o khathollang le boleng lijo hlokahala hore tshebetsong tloaelehileng ea pampitšana gastrointestinal.

Chemoreceptors latsoa nahanela 'na tsa fapana. Kahoo, ho eketsa nakong ea bokhachane (matšoao a toxicosis), ka nako ya diabolololo, khatello ea kelello. Tlas'a maemo a tlwaelehileng a tatso ka matlafala, ho etsa mohlala, ho futhumala ha lijo ho 30-40 ° C. Lewa lena le sebelisitsoe ka tshebetso ya ho ka go fopholetsa tatso ea lijo le lino. Mohlala, veine le biri pele latsoa hakaalo halefile.

Sehlooho sena se hlahloba sebopeho le mosebetsi oa semanolli tatso. E boetse e ile fuputswa karolo ea eona e leng temoho le khethollo ea ba susumetsa ba bang ha tikoloho.