Poleloana e reng "Drang nach Osten" e bolela "Drang nach Osten". "Drang nach Osten": boleng, tšebeliso le histori ho hlahisa maikutlo

"Drang nach Osten" - e leng lentsoe le neng le sebelisoa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ho bua ka Sejeremane leano expansionist bakeng sa katoloso ea "sebaka se phelang" ho loana le lichaba tse ling, haholo-holo Slavs. khopolo ena e ne e sebelisetsoa Jeremane le Kaiser le didikadikwe nationalist ho tšehetsa leano tsoang linaheng tse ling ba naha eo. Ho feta moo, poleloana e reng e tiisitsoe ka thata ka bo-rahistori ba e ruuoang.

Histori ea ketsahalo

Khopolo ea "Drang nach Osten" qala ho hlaha ka histori Jeremane ho ea fihla morao e le mathoasong a Mehla e Bohareng ka makholo a lilemo 8-13, ha Majeremane a qala khopisang bona ka lebaka la Baltic Slavs. Ba ne ba batla ho ba le foothold karolong e ka boroa ea lebōpong le Baltic, moo ho ne ho ntoa e mahlo-mafubelu pakeng tsa bona le Lithuanians, Latvians le Estonians, hammoho le ho Finno-Ugric lichaba. Ho latela mogopolofela, khopolo ena e fumaneng li entseng ka eona ea ho qetela lekholong la bo12 la lilemo, nakong ea puso ea Frederick Barbarossa. moemphera enoa phehella e sebetsang e ka bochabela leano, hlophisa maeto North East. Nakong ea puso ea hae, o ne a Germanized lichaba tse ngata, ho akarelletsa le Slavs le Balts. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore leano tšoanang ile sebediswa ho libaka bohareng European, haholo-holo ka tsela e Austria. Leha ho le joalo, ka tataiso ena Germanizing thulaganyou e ne ke sa atlehe.

mekhahlelo

Meaning of "Drang nach Osten" e na metso ea histori e khutlela mehleng ea motsamao oa lichaba tsa Europe Bochabela. Bo-rahistori ba tsitlella abelwang karolo ya ba bang ba batho ba fallelang 'me maqhubu a khopisa. Pele ea bana ba amana le lilemo tsa bo-9th, ha East-Frankish feudal likhosi hlophisitse ho atolosoa ka Czech le linaheng tse Secroatia. The nako e tlang - nako ya ba holileng tsebong bo Hare Ages (10-11 lekholong la lilemo la, th), ha babusi ba a Halalelang 'Muso oa Roma li ne li ntšetsa pele ka Baltic le sebakeng seo Poland. Mokhahlelo oa boraro - tlhaselo nomoro ea likhosi feudal le likhosana ka meloko Maslav. lekhetlong lena, ho ne ho ka etsahala hore ebe ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa historing ea ho hlōla ea Majeremane. E ne e ka nako ena ho Teutonic le Livonian Order le Order tsa Sabole ba ne ba batla ho eketsa matla a 'ona ba fetang sebakeng vostochnopribaltiyskuyu. Ka nako e tšoanang ba ne ba bolela ke ua feela Jeremane Knights, empa hape bahoebi Jeremane, ea ileng a tataiso ena ya fihlellwa tse ling ho atleha, fetisisang bahoebi Russia Latvia.

Morao Bohareng le mehleng ea kajeno

Drang nach osten sebelisoa ho katoloso ea Majeremane linaheng East Maslav ka makholo a lilemo 16-18. Nakong ena e theha puso e ncha ea Europe - the Habsburg marena, e busitse e Czech, Saxon, Sehungary le linaheng tse ling. Ho phaella moo, Ntlo ea Brandenburg khomaretse ka boeona e le karolo ea masimong a Poland ka mor'a ho dia ba Poland. Leha ho le joalo katoloso ya ena e nako le nako khoehlisa ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa le lichaba tse Maslav. Har'a lintoa tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa - Ntoa ea Leqhoa le Battle of Grunwald. Bontsha gore go ya ha e le hantle hore Majeremane a ile a sebelisa lentsoe lena ho lokafatsa hore ho hlokahala hore ho kopanngoa ha e re Jeremane tlasa boetapele ba Prussia.

Ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo tse lekholo li Drang nach Osten - e mosa thuto ea bolumeli likhopolo, e neng e akarelletsa ntoa tloaelehile hore be le bonngoe ka boemo nakong ea hlaseloa linaheng Maslav. Qalong e ne e le potso ea katoloso ya ya moruo le matlafatsang la tšusumetso Jeremane linaheng tsa 'muso. likhopolo joalo li 'nile tsa amahanngoa le' nete ea hore 'muso oa merabe e fapaneng ba tota naha tokoloho mokhatlo oa,' me ka ikutloa ka tsela e ba hlaha taba ea Pan. khopolo ena e ncha e ile tshehetswa ke ba boholong 'me e ka mafolofolo sebelisoa ke' Muso oa Kaiser mathoasong a le makholo a lilemo ho lokafatsa sehlomathiso sa loanela ho Makala ea se nang matla.

ha namela libakeng tse

Poleloana e reng "Drang nach Osten" o ne a etsa kōpo ea ho bojenale tloha bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Naheng ea heso, ho e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ho tloha 1865, eo e ne e le ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha ya likamano pakeng tsa 'muso oa Russia le Baltic Majeremane. Hamorao khopolo ena ile ka isoa bojenale le lingoliloeng tse ling (ka Poland, Czech Republic, Fora). Ka nako e tšoanang, poleloana e reng 'nile la sebelisoa ke bo-rasaense le bo-rahistori ba.

Lilemong tse ntoa

Lentsoe "Drang nach Osten" a 'mala o le lecha le se boleloang mabapi le ho qhoma ha Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Hona joale, ha ho le jwalo, ha ba hangata ka ho fetisisa sebelisoa ha ho bua ka e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore Hitler a hae "Mein Kampf," ile a pheha khang hore ho hlokahala hore Majeremane a ho atolosa sebaka se phelang ka a bale litsenyehelo ea linaha Maslav. O ile a ngola mabapi le 'nete ea hore' muso bona o na le tokelo ea ho nka tšimong e 'ngoe hobane naha phihlelo kgolo ya phahameng haholo palo ea baahi e ne ho hlokahala hore a fepa. Ka nako e tšoanang bitsoa hore li tl'o tlohela leano la ho atolosa maqhama khoebo le ho ameha ka ho hapa ya puso Jeremane ea k'honthinente e. Ka hona, bo-rahistori ba moo, hammoho le a mangata a sa babatlisisi tsoang Europe Bochabela o ile a sebelisa lentsoe lena ha a bua ka maano a le mabifi ea Manazi.

kopo ea kajeno

Histori ea Europe Bochabela o ile notoriety Jeremane onslaught. Bochabela (Drang nach Osten ka phetolelo ea Jeremane) e ba tataiso e ka sehloohong ea katoloso e ntle, e neng e tsamaisana le ho hanyapetsoa bobeli moruo le lintoa tse ngata. Empa matsatsing ana, lentsoe e lahlehileng moelelo oa eona, haholo-holo mabapi le boemo a feteletsoang ka bolela Maslav. Le morao-rao bo-rasaense ba theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki sebelisa poleloana e reng, e seng feela ho batho Maslav, empa hape ho ka tataiso e ka bochabela ho hang. Litsebi tse ngata li 'nile ba qaptjoa lentsoe "American Drang nach Osten", ha ho tluoa tabeng ea US leano tsoang linaheng tse ling kajeno. The bangodi u hlokomele boitlamo ba 'Muso ba ho ba le seabo ka liketsahalo tsa Ukraine, Syria le linaheng tse ling. Tabeng ena, lentsoe lena le na le moelelo o mocha 'me ha kamehla lemohuoa e le ho atolosoa Jeremane ka linaheng tse Maslav. Leha ho le joalo, ka mantsoe ana a qetellang e sebetsa ho saense ea lipolotiki.

Ea saense e le lipolotiki

Ka historiography le saense ea histori e ntse e nako sebelisoa ka kutloisiso ea setso. mathata ana tsoa 'nete ea hore e ka bochabela tataiso haesale e mong oa litaelo sehloohong leano la e bolela European. Boemo bona bo phehella ho fihlela letsatsing lena, 'me ho sa tsotellehe letsetsa khotso le boiteko ba ho rarolla bokeletseng likhanyetsano ho bolela mebuso, boemo bo o hlola ka ho a hlobaetsang ka ho fetisisa sebakeng sena. Bothata e ka bochabela dinaheng kamehla a lula a haholo-holo tshwanelanang, le hore 's ke hobane'ng ha kajeno tšohloa taba ea ho akarelletsa le sebakeng sena. Hona joale boemo bo geopolitical e joalo hore poleloana e reng "Drang nach Osten" hape o qala ho sebelisoa ka mafolofolo lokota lipolotiki.