Ntoa ea II ea mahlatsipa. The Second World Ntoa - histori. The Second Ntoa ea Lefatše - the tahlehelo Soviet Union

Lefatše la rōna o ne a tseba lintho tse ngata tsa lintoa tšollang mali le lintoa. histori ea rōna kaofela e ne e ena le likhohlanong tse sa tšoaneng internecine. Empa feela tsa batho le lintho tse bonahalang tahlehelo nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše qobella batho ho nahana ka bohlokoa ba bophelo ba mong le e mong o. Feela ka mor'a hore batho ba qala ho hlokomela ho bonolo hakaakang hore ke ho makaakang timetsoa batho ba bangata 'me e ke ho le thata ho li thibela. ntoa ena e bontšitse lichaba tsohle tsa lefatše, kamoo ho leng bohlokoa ho ke ke ho lefatše lohle.

Boleng ba thuto ea histori ea lekholong la lilemo la mashome a mabeli

Moloko ka tlaase ka linako tse ling ha ke sa utloisise phapang pakeng tsa e Moholo ho rata naha Ntoa le Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. History lilemong tse ka mor'a ho fumana mangolo a bona, ka makhetlo a mangata rewritten, kahoo bacha ha e le thahasello ka liketsahalo tseo tse hōle. Hangata, batho bana ha ba hlileng ba tsebang ba ileng ba phetha karolo ea ka liketsahalo tseo le tahlehelo ka Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ile a utloa bohloko moloko oa batho. Empa histori ea naha e ke ke ea lebaloa. Haeba kajeno ho shebella lifilimi American ka Second Ntoa ea Lefatše, motho a ka nahana hore ke bona feela ka lebaka la Army US lokiselitse hore ho hlōla Jeremane ea Bonazi. Ke ka lebaka leo ho hlokahalang ho tlisa ho isa molokong rona ka tlaase karolo ea Soviet Union ka liketsahalo tsena bohloko. Ha e le hantle, le tahlehelo e khōlō ke efe Second Ntoa ea Lefatše e ile a utloa bohloko ba batho ba USSR.

Batlehang tsa ntoa bloodiest

Khohlano le hlometseng pakeng tsa sesole tse peli tsa lefatše le coalitions lipolotiki, eo e neng e le bolaoe, kholo ka ho fetisisa historing ea moloko oa batho o qalile 1. 09. 1939 (ho fapana ho ea Great rata naha Ntoa, e leng e ile ea nka ho tswa 22. 06. 1941 ho 05. 8. 1945 g). E ile ea fela feela 2. 09. 1945. Kahoo, ntoa ena e ile ea nka lilemo tse 6. Lisosa tsa ntoa ena a batla a. Tsena li akarelletsa: a tebileng lefatše maqakabetsing ka moruo, leano le mabifi ea linaha tse ling, liphello e mpe ea morao-rao ka nako ea tsamaiso ea Versailles ea Washington.

Barupeluoa ba ea ntoa ea machaba

Ka ntoa ena ka tekanyo e khōlō kapa e monyenyane, linaha tse 62 li ne li ameha. 'Me sena se ho sa tsotellehe ha e le hantle hore ka nako e ka lefatše ho na le e ne e le kakaretso ea 73 ipusang. lintoa ba bohale bo tšosang e etsahetse lik'honthinenteng tse tharo. lintoa sesole sa metsing li ne li loana maoatle a mane (Atlantic, Indian, Pacific le Arctic). Palo ea linaha tse loantšanang fetohile makhetlo a 'maloa nakong ea ntoa. Ba bang ba re ho akarelletsa ntoa sebetsang, ha ba bang ba mpa feela ka efe kapa efe ho thusa a entseng selekane a entse selekane le bona (mechine, thepa, lijo).

The-ba khahlanong le Hitler ikopantseng

Qalong, ho ne ho 3 puso entseng selekane le: Poland, Fora, United Kingdom. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore ho ne ho le ka mor'a ho hlaseloa ka linaha tsena Jeremane o ile a qala ho khanna tshebetso a sebetsang a ntoa ka naheng ea linaheng tsena. Ka 1941, nakong ea ntoa ba ile ba huleloa ho linaheng tse kang ea USSR, USA, Chaena. Ho feta moo, a entseng selekane ikopanya le Australia, Norway, Canada, Nepal, Yugoslavia, Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belgium, New Zealand, Denmark, Luxembourg, Albania, Union of South Africa, San Marino le Turkey. Ka lengolo la 'ngoe kapa e mong a entseng selekane a entse selekane le tšepe le linaheng tse kang Guatemala, Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Panama, Mexico, Argentina, Honduras, Chile, Paraguay, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Nicaragua , Haiti, El Salvador, Bolivia. Ba ikopanya Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Liberia, Mongolia. Nakong ea ntoa, ho-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane ile a ikopanya ke bao States eo ba khaolitse ho ba entseng selekane le Jeremane. Iran ena (ho tloha ka 1941), Iraq le Italy (ho tloha ka 1943), Bulgaria le Romania (ka 1944), Finland le Hungary (1945).

Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše (entseng selekane le Jeremane)

Ka lehlakoreng la bloc Manazi a linaheng tse kang Jeremane, Japane, Slovakia, Croatia, Iraq le Iran (ho fihlela ka 1941), Finland, Bulgaria, Romania (ho fihlela ho 1944), Italy (ho fihlela ka 1943), Hungary (ho fihlela ho 1945), Thailand (Siam), Manchukuo. Libakeng tse ling a hapa entseng selekane entse lipopae boemo, e leng hoo e batlang e ne ke se na tšusumetso e ka lintoa lefatšeng lebaleng la boithabiso. Tsena li akarelletsa: The Setaliana Social Republic, Vichy France, Albania, Serbia, Inner Mongolia, Montenegro, Philippines, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam le Laos. Ka lehlakoreng la Manazi bloc hangata e loana le mabotho a sa tšoaneng collaborationist ea ka palo ea baahi ba linaha tse loantšanang. Moholo ka ho fetisisa bana ba ne ba RON, Roa, SS Division ke basele (Seukraine, Belarusian, Russia, SeEstonia, Norway, Sedanishe, 2 Belgian, Hollanti, Selatvia, Blin, Sealbania le French). Lehlakoreng la unit trust ena loana le moithaopi lebotho la dinaheng se nke lehlakore tse kang Spain, Portugal le Sweden.

Liphello tsa ntoa

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ka lebaka la lilemo tsa Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ka makhetlo a mangata fetohile tolamiso sethaleng lefatše, le ka lebaka la e ne e le tlhōlo ka ho feletseng ea-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane. (- UN khutsufalitsoe) Ka mor'a sena ka sehloohong mekhatlo ea machaba oa Machaba a Kopaneng o ne a bōpiloe. Ka lebaka la tlhōlo ka ntoa ena e ne e le ho nyatsa ba likhopolong tsa Manazi le ea Manazi ea thibelo nakong Nyurbergskogo tshebetso. Ka mor'a bofelo ba ntoa lefatše haholo fokotseha France le Brithani o phetha karolo lipolotiking lefatše, 'me United States le Soviet Union e ile ea fetoha baeta sebele, ho arola har'a bona ka Makala le lecha la tšusumetso. linaha tse peli a liahelo ile ha thehoa le tsamaiso ea fapane ka ho feletseng tsa lipolotiki li ne (bokhaphithaliste le bososhiale). Ka mor'a Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše hohle lefatšeng qala nako mebuso decolonization.

lebala la ntoa

Jeremane, Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e ne e le ha a leka ho ba le superpower feela, o ile a etella loana hang libakeng tse hlano:

• Bophirimela Europe: Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, France.
• Mediterranean: Greece, Yugoslavia, Albania, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Libya, Egepeta, Afrika Leboea, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq.
• Europe Bochabela: USSR, Poland, Norway, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Yugoslavia, Barents, Baltic le Black Sea.
• Afrika: Ethiopia, Somalia, Madagascar, Kenya, Sudan, Equatorial Africa.
• Pacific (ka kopanelo le Japane): China, Korea, South Sakhalin, Fihla Hokae ka Bochabela, Mongolia, Lihlekehleke Kuril, Aleutian Islands, Hong Kong, Indochina, Lihlekehleke Andaman, Burma, Malaya, Sarawak, Singapore, Gollandaskaya East Indies, Brunei, Papua New Guinea , Sabah, Papua, Guam, Solomon Islands, Hawaii, Philippines, Lala ho Nna, Mariana le lihlekehlekeng tse ling tse ngata tsa Pacific.

Qalong le qetellong ea ntoa

Tahlehelo pele ka ntoa ea bobeli ea World qala ho matha ho tloha hlasela masole a Jeremane ka naheng ea Poland. Hitler o nako e telele beha sethala bakeng sa tlhaselo ka mmuso. 31. 08. 1939, mochine Jeremane e ile ea tlaleha ka ho haptjoa ha Poland seteishene sesole-le-moea ka Gleiwitz (le hoja e ne e le qholotsoa saboteurs), ka bo-4:00 hoseng 1. 09. 1939 battleship "Schleswig-Holstein" a qala ho bombard matlafatseng ka Westerplatte (Poland). Hammoho le mabotho a ho lula Slovakia Jeremane e ile ea tšimong ea motho e mong. France le Brithani ba laela hore a khaotsa ho tsuba Hitler tsa masole ho tloha Poland, empa o ile a hana. Se 09. 3. 1939 Fora, Australia, Engelane, New Zealand phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela Jeremane. Joale ba ne ba ikopanya le Canada, Newfoundland, Union of South Africa, Nepal. Kahoo ka potlako o ile a qala ho fumana botsitso tšollang mali World Ntoa ea II. USSR, Leha ho le joalo, 'me ba tlisa e e potlakileng motheo oa conscription, ho 22. 06. 1941' me ha ua phatlalatsa hore ba futuhela Jeremane. Nakong ea selemo ka 1940 masole a Hitler o ile a qala mosebetsi oa Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg le Netherlands. Ho ekelletsa moo, lebotho la Jeremane o ile a ea Fora. Ka June 1940, ka lehlakoreng Hitler o ile a qala ho loantša Italy. Nakong ea selemo ka 1941 , Jeremane ea Bonazi ka potlako tšoaroa Greece le Yugoslavia. 22. 06. 1941 e hlasela USSR. Ka lehlakoreng le Jeremane ka ntoa tsena e ne e Romania, Finland, Hungary, Italy. Ka tsohle tsa Soviet Union-Sejeremane pele, a loanela ho fihlela ho 70% ya mafolofolo nakong likarohano tsohle tsa Manazi. Ho hlōloa ha sera ka ntoa tsa Moscow tabola morero oa tummeng hampe Hitler - "Blitzkrieg" (lehalima ntoa). Le sena se ka 1941, ho ile a qala ho bōptjoa ha-ba khahlanong le Hitler a entseng selekane. 7. 12. 1941 ka mor'a hore Majapane hlasela Pearl Harbor a kena ka ntoa le US. Lebotho la naha ena ka nako e telele le bothata ba ho lira tsa hae feela Leoatle la Pacific. Eo ho thoeng ke ea bobeli ka pele Great Britain le United States o ile a tšepisa ho bula lehlabuleng la 1942. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe ho loana matla ka ho fetisisa naheng ea Soviet Union, ho-ba khahlanong le Hitler ho sebedisanwang entseng selekane hase lieha haholo ho kopanela tshebetso ntoa Europe Bophirimela. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore United States le Engelane o ile a leta palo yohle attenuation ea USSR. Feela ha ho ile ha hlaka hore Soviet Army potlako qala ho lokolla naha ea bona, e seng feela, empa hape le Europe Bochabela, ka entseng selekane le potlakela ho bula pele bobeli. Ho etsahetseng 6. 06. 1944 (2 lilemo tse ka mor'a hore letsatsi le tšepisitsoeng). Ho tloha nakong eo ho Anglo-American entseng selekane se kile sa leka ho lokolla Europe ho tloha masole pele Sejeremane. Ho sa tsotellehe boiteko ba ho fetisisa ea entseng selekane, Union Army pele a hapa le Reichstag, moo le phahamisetsa bona folakha ea tlhōlo. Empa esita le ba inehele khetheng ea Jeremane, ha e ba thiba Second World Ntoa. Ka nako e itseng ntoa ba ne ba le Czechoslovakia. Hape le Pacific hoo e ka bang ne ke sa ba khaotse ho loana. Feela ka mor'a hore libomo tsa Hiroshima athomo metse e libomo (08. 6. 1945) le Nagasaki (9. 08. 1945), etsoang ke Maamerika, moemphera Japanese hlokomela lefeela la ho hanyetsa le ho feta. tlhaselo ea bolaoa ka bang 300 tse sekete. baahi. Sena se sehlōhō kgohlano machaba e ile ea fela 2. feela 09. 1945 ena letsatsi le Japane saenele kofuto ea inehela.

Ha motho a li hohlanang lefatše

Pele tahlehelo khōlō ka Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ile a utloa bohloko ho batho ba Poland. Lebotho la naheng ena ne a ke ke mamella le lireng matla ho sa tsotellehe mabotho a Jeremane. ntoa ena e ne le tšusumetso e ikhethang ka batho bohle. ntoa e se e huleloa ka 80% ea batho bohle ba phelang lefatšeng nakong eo (tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 1,7. Pers.). liketso tsa sesole e ile ea etsahala linaheng tse fetang 40. Ka lilemo tse 6 of kgohlano lefatše ka mabothong a hlometseng oa mabotho kaofela li ile tsa bokelloa ho pota milione 110. Pers. Ho ea ka morao-rao tahlehelo batho chelete ho tse ka bang 50 mln. Batho ba. Ka nako e tšoanang ka pele ho ile ha bolaoa tse ka bang milione. 27 feela Pers. Ba bang kaofela ba bahlaseluoa ne baahi. maphelo ho fetisisa batho lahlehileng ho linaheng tse kang USSR (milione 27.), Jeremane (13 mln.), Poland (milione 6.), Japane (milione tse 2,5.), China (5 milione.). Mahlatsipa linaheng tse ling mabifi ne e le: Yugoslavia (1,7 milione.), Italy, Romania, UK, Greece (milione 0,4 (0.5 milione.) (Milione 0.5.) (0,4 milione.). ), Hungary (milione 0,43.), France (tse 0.6 milione.), USA (milione 0,3.), New Zealand, Australia (40 sakir.), Belgium (88 sakir.), Africa (10 sekete )., Canada (40 sakir.). Likampong tsa mahloriso tsa Manazi ba fetang limilione tse 11. Batho ba ne ba bolaoa.

Tahlehelo ho tswa ho kgohlano machaba

Ho hlollang hore na tahlehelo ea tlisa botho ea Second World Ntoa. Histori e paka ho libilione tse 4 liranta, eo ile a ea ho qeta sesole. Re loana re ditjeo tse bonahalang e ileng ea ba ka bang 70% ea chelete ea sechaba. Ka lilemo tse 'maloa, indasteri ea linaheng tse ngata e se ka ho feletseng boela sekametseng ho tlhahiso ea thepa ea sesole. Kahoo, United States, USSR, United Kingdom le Jeremane nakong ea ntoa hlahiswa fetang 600 likete ntoa le ho tsamaisa lifofane. Libetsa tsa World ka lilemo tse 6 e molemo haholo 'me a bolaeang. Likelello fetisisa khanya ea linaha tse loantšanang li ne li tšoarehile feela ke ntlafatso ea hae. libetsa tse ngata tse ncha tlameha ho fihla le Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše. Litanka tsa Jeremane le Soviet Union lula ntlafatswa pholletsa le ntoa. Tabeng ena, e baka mechine le ho feta e rarahaneng ho timetsa sera. palo ea bona ka ho ba likete. Kahoo, feela armored likoloi, litanka, ba ikhopolang ho propelled lithunya li ne li thunya tse fetang 280 tse sekete conveyors C dimela sesole theohela tse fetang limilione tse 1 likotoana fapaneng libetsa ..; ka bang limilione tse 5 lithunya .; 53 Mill. Lithunya, carbines le lithunya. Haholo timetsong le ho timetsoa ha ba likete ba metse le metsana e meng tlisa le eona ho Ea bobeli World Ntoa. Histori ea moloko oa batho ntle le e ne e ka ba 'nile ba e le boemo bo hlalositsoeng fapaneng ka ho feletseng. O ne a hula ka ntshetsopeleng bona ka lebaka la hae dinaheng tsohle bakeng sa lilemo tse ngata. Ho felisa liphello tsa kgohlano machaba sesole tlohetse chelete e ngata ea le qobella batho ba limilione.

tahlehelo ea USSR

Haholo theko e phahameng e ne e lokela ho leshwa bakeng sa hore ka potlako e ile ea fela ea oa Bobeli ea Lefatše Ntoa. tahlehelo ea Soviet Union e-ba ka bang limilione tse 27. Pers. (Qetellong bala ka 1990). Ka bomalimabe, ho fumana ya data e nepahetseng ke se a ntse a hlola a atleha, empa palo ena ke 'nete ka ho fetisisa. Ho na le likhakanyo tse 'maloa tse sa tšoaneng tsa tahlehelo ea USSR. Kahoo, nahana ka bolaoa kapa a bolaoa ke maqeba a ka ea ka mokhoa o qetellang ka bang limilione tse 6.3.; milione 0.5 ho shoa ha batho ke mafu a ahloleloa lefu bolaoa likotsing .; limilione tse 4,5. hlokoe le POWs. Kakaretso babapatsi tahlehelo ea Soviet Union ikarabella ka fetang limilione tse. 26,6 Pers. , Ho phaella ho palo e kholo ea mahlatsipa ka ntoa ena, Soviet Union e ile a utloa bohloko lahleheloa e khōlō ea lichelete. Ho latela dipalelo eo ba neng ba entse fetang libilione tse 2,6. Itlotsa. Nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e bile mokhoa o sa fellang kapa ka ho feletseng timetsoa tse makholo metseng e meholo. Ka sefahleho sa lefatše le ne le felisoa metsaneng tse fetang 70 tse sekete. 32 000 kgolo likhoebo le liindasteri li ne li timetsoa ka ho feletseng. Ho ile hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng timetsoa ke temo, e leng karolo European ea USSR. Ka tsosolosa tsa naha ho pele ho ile ha nka lilemo tse 'maloa tsa boiteko bo matla haholo le ditjeho khōlō.