Novgorod Chronicle - bohlokoahali liemahale

Litaba tsa matsatsi Novgorod o na le ea ka neano e telele, le metse ka metso ka lilemo tse lekholo li XI le e ile ea nka lilemo tse makholo a supileng. Ditokomane lokolloa pene ya bangodi boholo-holo, ba e mohloli oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ithuta histori ea ntshetsopeleng phedisano le-lipolotiki ea sebakeng sena se seholohali.

Qala Chronicle

Extant Novgorod Chronicle provisionally thontsweng likamore tse hlano. E mong le e ba bona ba na le mananeo a 'maloa, ba bitselitsoeng ho hlekefetsa. Ka mohlala, pele Novgorod Chronicle ka recension ba hae ba pele e akaretsa nako ho tloha qalong ea ea XIII le XIV ho forties ea lekholo la. Ho 'nile ha a sireletsa ka sebōpeho sa lethathamo nyenyane ea entsoeng ka letlalo, e leng e na le fomate ya sa feteng kotara ea tekanyetso leqepheng la, e leng e na le maqephe a lekholo le mashome a tšeletseng e robong.

A recension hamorao e sebetsa lona multiple eketswa, 'me beha ka la ketsahalo tsa sekoahelo sa eona le atolositse le sethaleng ba histori, extending ho thirties ea lekholong la lilemo la XV. Ho phaella ho version khutšoanyane "Serussia 'Nete" - pokello e ikhethang ea lekholong la lilemo la XI, e nang le tlaleho ea puso ea molao oa Kievan RUS - ho na le a' maloa a liemahale tse ling tsa lawmaking boholo-holo. Novgorod Chronicle e monyenyane recension, hammoho le phetolelo ea lona hamorao e bolokwa ka pokello ea ea sinoto Lefapha la 'Muso Historical Museum.

E amohetsweng ka ho latellana joang + ea litaba Novgorod

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore le tlas'a maemo a linomoro tatelano litaba ba ile ba fuoa thehiloeng intša ea liketsahalo ho fanoa ka tsona, 'me ha ea ka taelo ea ngola litemana bona. Ka mohlala, ka kemiso ea nako ea liketsahalo, e kenyeletsang recension pele Novgorod Chronicle le lateloa ke ea bobeli, e ke tswelediso ho toba ka buka ea bone ea litaba, ho boetse o sirelelitse ka recensions 'maloa.

The Motlalehi e re bolella hore ka liketsahalo tse ileng tsa o ile a nka sebaka ho fihlela ho forties ea - mashome a mahlano tsa lekholong la lilemo la XV, 'me ka ho khetheha o ile a ho mananeo le' me a koahela ka nako hamorao. Bafuputsi ba bangata ba atisa ho lumela hore karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho e lokisa e sa bolokoa ho matsatsi a rōna Novgorod-Sofia khoro ho buuoang ka litokomane tse ling tsa histori e le Sofia Pele Chronicle.

Bohlano Novgorod Chronicle

Ho ithuta lintho tse bonahalang tse tlaleho ea, conventionally khethiloe palo e mehlano, ke ho le bonolo ho bona hore ha ho ho feta tse seng kae sebetswa le karolo e 'ngoe eketswa bakeng sa tlaleho ena ea bone, e leng puisano e tsoela ka holimo. Tlhaloso ea liketsahalo tsa histori e lahlela ka selemo 1446.

Litlaleho tsa histori, e bua ka linako tsa Ivan le tšabehang

Novgorodskie Chronicle le bobeli le la boraro linomoro seriale, leha ho le joalo e ngotsweng hamorao haholo ho feta la bone le ea bohlano. Sena se ka ho hlaka e bontša entsoeng ke tshekatsheka puo ea temana eo. papiso ea nang le litokomane tse ling tsa histori li bontša hore Chronicle ea bobeli e na le palo e khōlō ea borrowings tloha litaba tse ling tse fapa-fapaneng hlophiswa ka Novgorod.

Extant ka lethathamo le le leng feela, e leng, ho ea ka bafuputsi, irretrievably lahlehileng, ho na le palo e khōlō ea lintlha tse thahasellisang mabapi le nako ea puso ea Ivana Groznogo. Haholo-holo ea bohlokoa ke boitsebiso bo amanang le Livonian Ntoa le letšolo la Kazan.

Bopaki ba kereke le bophelo ea sechaba

Latela Chronicle hae oa boraro a sireletsa re lesedi le pharaletseng ka ho fetisisa historing ea bophelo ba bolumeli ba Novgorod, 'me ka ho khetheha ka kaho ea meaho tempeleng eona. Tokomane ena ke lintho tse bonahalang le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa thuto ea boholo-holo mehaho morao Mehleng e Bohareng. Joaloka ba bang ba tse ling tse Novgorod Chronicle, tokomane e tsebahalang ka recensions 'maloa,' me, haeba ho ntlafatsoe ka sehloohong tlisa tlhaloso ea liketsahalo tse pele 1675, ka mananeo arohaneng, ba tsoela pele ho ea pele.

Ho phaella ho liemahale tsena, e hatisitsoeng ka nako ea rōna le ba fumaneha ho batho ka kakaretso, ho na le boetse ho na le palo e kholo ea litokomane tse ling tsa histori tse tšoanang tsa tlhaho Novgorod Sophia sehlopha. Tsena li akarelletsa, ka ho khetheha, lokela ho kenyeletsa ho thoeng botšelela Novgorod Chronicle. Ho fapana le pele ho lona, hammoho le tlhaloso ya liketsahalo tse ileng tsa ba teng motse ka booona, e na le karolo e khōlō ea thepa ea sechaba tse amanang le histori ea puso eohle.

liemahale bohlokoahali

Tse ngata unpublished liemahale tsa histori ka ho isa tekanyong e mong kapa thepa e 'ngoe e tlatsetsang o ile a re ka motheo vaults tšeletseng, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo. Ka kakaretso, ho Novgorod Chronicle li har'a tse ngata ka ho fetisisa le capacious ka dikahare ka matsatsi Serussia. liemahale tse ngata tsa mongolo oa boholo-holo, ba huleloa ka likarolong tse ling tsa RUS boholo-holo, jara ka hatisa mohopolo la tšusumetso ea bona.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore tlaleho ea liketsahalo tsa litlaleho tsa histori e le batla le leeme, ka lebaka la ho taolo ya itshola ea litlelase busang ka Boyar Republic, leha ho le joalo ka linako tse ling le bangodi' sympathies ho hlaka ka lehlakoreng la ba tloaelehileng.