Neoclassicism ka mehaho: mehaho e tummeng le Litsebi

Khutlela canons ea boholo-holo ka bonono etsahetseng ka makhetlo-khetlo. ntle haholo le e lumellanang ne ba haha, litsoantso tse betliloeng, ho penta ea nako classic. Haholo nako e telele historing ea bonono e bitsoa neoclassicism bakeng sa tsosolosoa ha canons ea boholo-holo ea botle le phetoho ya bona le tlas'a tšusumetso ea lefatše la kajeno. Neoclassicism ka mehaho ea sebetsang ho a batla a ka tsela e fapaneng ka ho linaheng tse sa tšoaneng tsa Europe. Tsa thahasella ka ho khetheha ho bolela tlhaloso ea melao-motheo ea khale ea Litsebi Russia o ile a bontša.

idiosyncrasy

mosebetsi hae o ka sehloohong e mehaho mocha o-oa classic o ile a bona a ho boela ho metso ea setso European. E le qalo ea ho epolloa ho ba lintho tse epolotsoeng ka Greece le Italy lilemong tsa bo-XVII entse hore thahasella ba Litsebi ho melao-motheo ea Litsebi boholo-holo. Sena se entse hore ponahalo ea setaele, e bitsoang classicism, eo develops me butle-butle fetoha neoclassicism. Tšobotsi la ntlha la oona ke mabapi ea neano le maikutlo a lerato a ithiba. Pele mekhoa ena e 'meli gaisanwang le mong ho e mong, empa a qetella a fumane e ngata lumellanang ka sona.

meaho bao e seng ba khale ba le e khōloanyane boiketlo, mohau le directness bapisoa le classics le. Tla boela neoclassicism ke lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho bolokoa ka boholo, takatso ea ho monumentality, esita pomposity. Architects se feela kopitsoa tsamaiso ea boholo-holo ea odara, empa le tšekamelo ea ho etsa lintlha tse ncha. Ka mohlala, Egepeta kapa Etruscan. setaele e tšoauoa ka ho ithiba 'me a esita le rigor. E Hlollang, mehaho khōlō le likarolo Segerike - e khahlanong le hore mehaho e mocha o-oa classic setaele.

Periodization tsa neoclassicism ka mehaho

Poleloana e reng "mocha o-oa classic" mehaho e na le ba bang ba ho se tsitse. Sena ke haholo-holo ka lebaka la mekhoa e European le Serussia ho kabo ya nako ea eona. Europe, ho ile ba amohela arohaneng classicism (XVII lekholong la lilemo la) le mocha o-oa classic (bobeli halofo ea XVIII, ka mokhoa oa Louis bo16 la - the ea boraro ea pele ea XIX). Naheng ea heso, boemo bo ke a batla a fapaneng. Ka mohlala, ka Russia le Jeremane, lekhetlong lena feela nkoa classicism. 'Me tlas'a e ncha mehaho ea khale ho ne ho bolela ho fela ha XIX - mathoasong a XX lekholong la lilemo la. Russia, moo neoclassicism e ne e atile haholo 'me bo putsang e arotsoe ka linako tse tharo.

Ntlha ea pele, mola XIX - mathoasong a lekholo la XX, e simolohile ka arabela maqakabetsi tsa modernism. brevity lona e le khahlanong le hore ka tsela e feteletseng le khabisitsoeng Art Nouveau. Ka nako ena, ho na le mokhoa retrospectivism batla ho hlasimolla boholo khale le moralo. Nako ea bobeli - lilemo tse 1930 tsa XX lekholong la lilemo la. Russia e hape a bitsoang Stalin o Muso. O ile a kopanela litšobotsi Baroque tsa classicism, Art Nouveau le likarolo likolo ea sechaba mehaho. Oa boraro e - le 1950s. O hangata bath ya mehaho American, moo ba ile ba fumana incarnation ea bona e ncha e bonolo le mefuta e moholohali.

Neoclassicism ka mehaho lefatše

Classicism e neng e le matla ka ho fetisisa bonono setaele. O ile a amohela tsebo ea tsohle. ntshetsopeleng lona e ile ea etsa hore ho hlaha ha neoclassicism, eo e ile ea hahoa ha ho etsisa bo hloekileng ba dikai ea boholo-holo, 'me reinterpretation bona. Style ikatisa canons ea boholo-holo, kopantseng ba le seo a se fumaneng tsa morao-rao le tse ling tseo a li finyeletseng ea sechaba. Melao-motheo e ne beha morao lilemong tsa bo-XVII ke Andrea Palladio, ea ileng a haha a mangata mehahong Vicenza. dibopeho tsena fetohile mohlala hore meloko e tlang ea Litsebi. O fuluhile thahasello ea dikamogelo ea Litsebi tsa boholo-holo 'me ha aa khaotsa ka lilemo tse makholo a' maloa.

Mehaho ea pele ea "mocha o-oa classic" setaele le dibopeho ditshwani, mela e litšiea, marulelo domed le mekhabisong likhutlo li 'nè a hlaha Fora. Hamorao, tšekamelo ea lata ke Litsebi linaheng tse ling tsa Europe. Me butle-butle o ile a "dokatyvayutsya" ho Amerika. Neoclassicism - ha se esita le e hlile e le mokhoa oa ho ngola. Ho ena le hoo, ke ea mofuta ofe mokhoa oa ho nahana ea Litsebi tsa nakong e fetileng. Hloko ho tshwara la lineano thehilweng le kaho motheong bona mehaho ea kajeno le e ncha moralo le kgabisa mehopolo - tsena ke melao-motheo ea tsa moruo neoclassical.

Neoclassicism ka France

Pele mocha o-oa classic e tsoileng meralo li ile tsa bōptjoa ke Claude Ledoux, ea ileng a qala mosebetsi oa bona oa pele French Phetohelo. saltworks lona ka iphaphathile-et--Senans, moaho meetlo monyako ho Paris, lebala la liketsahalo ho Besançon tsosolosa neano Segerike le tšoaea ho qaleha ha e epoch bohlale ka French mocha o-oa classic mehaho. Ka ho fetisisa tummeng moemeli ea setaele ena ke Jacques Ange Gabriel. Bohareng ba bo-50s ea lekholong la lilemo la XVIII a ba bōpa e le mohaho o hlollang tsa Sekolo sa Sesole ka ho Champ de Khao Mars, e ntle haholo Opera Garnier, e Petit Trianon ka Versailles, Concorde Square Paris porojeke. mosebetsi oa hae e ile ea fetoha forerunners tsa heyday ea mocha o-classicism Fora.

O ne a lateloa ke a mangata Litsebi talente ho ile ha hahoa ka mokhoa ona. Ho Nicolas de Khao Maiziere, ea bōpileng ea lijo-thollo 'maraka, Jacques-Denis Antoine le hae Mint rata maemo a mabōpong a Seine, Sharl De Wailly le hlollang holong "Odeon". Neoclassicism ke lehakoe la Paris ho fihlela joale. Haha ka boholo lumellanang, domes, porticos kgutlotharo le litšiea hona joale ba motlotlo lona.

Neoclassicism UK

Ka lilemo tse 60 tsa XVIII lekholong la lilemo la mehaho mocha o-oa classic e ne e le mokhoa oa ho ngola ho fetisisa tobeletsa Engelane. bathehi eona e ne e 'meli Litsebi moholo Robert Adama le Uilyam Chembers. Ba, ho fapana le basebetsi-'moho le bona French, e hahiloeng meaho hangata bolulo. Adam o ile a etela Italy, moo kile ua oela ka lerato le mehaho e ea boholo-holo le ho meaho A. Palladio.

English Neoclassicism fapane le French mohau ho feta le phutholohe. Mona, a lebisa tlhokomelo e khōlō ea lefuoang ho ka hare, e le tumme haholo e leng Lijo tse Khabisitsoeng Hantle Syon House le motifs Etruscan. The bahlahlami ba British neano mocha o-oa classic ke Dzhon Soun le Dzhordzh maphao. Ba ably tsoela pele "mokhoa oa Adama." Moaho oa Bank of England le chankaneng ka Newgate ne e le mehlala e babatsehang ea elegantne mocha o-oa classic Senyesemane.

Ho ata ha neoclassicism Europe

baemeli ba le tsebo ea neoclassicism ne hohle Europe. Ka mohlala, Jeremane, mesebetsi molemo ka ho fetisisa mokhoa ona baka Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Ee tseneletseng le o tobileng. bōptjoa ho khetheha epoch ka neoclassicism. meaho lona ke khale le musiamo o motjha Berlin matlung a ka boqhetseke sebelisa hape ho atamela dithekeniki classic le merero.

Italy, ho neoclassic fihla boholo hlollang. A. Palladio, le meaho lona mabothobotho ka Venice le Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini le La Scala ke liperela tsa mehaho lefatshe. Hamorao, Marcello Piacentini e khona ka tsela ea hae ho hlalosa lefa la tsa mehaho ea boholo-holo 'me ka mokhoa Palladian ka kotara ea pele ea XX lekholong la lilemo la. O ile a bōpa e ikhethang rarahaneng mo khamphasen Roma le Victoria Square ka Brescia.

Russia neoclassicism: makgetheng ka sehloohong

A karolo ea khethehileng e fumanweng setaele neoclassical ka mehaho Serussia. Mokhahlelo oa pele o ne a amana le ho hlōla bothata ba bokoli, le khutlele ho metso classic, boiketlo ho batla. Ivan Fomin, Vladimir Shuko, Ivan Zholtovsky kopanela ho ithuta classic, boholo khauta. Ba hlahloba e tsoileng meralo ea Italy le Fora, ho phethahatsa seo a se fumaneng ka ho meaho bona. Mohato oa bobeli oa neoclassicism beha mosebetsi oa ho bōpa mesebetsi hlollang tlotlisa matla a Stalin. Liemahale le boholo ba mehaho ena ntse makatsa batho.

Famous Russia Litsebi

mehaho Russia ka ba motlotlo ka ho galaxy eohle ea baetsi ba litšoantšo e ikhethang ea neng a sebetsa ka mokhoa neoclassical. mothehi le e nkoa e le Ivan Fomin. Ka lilemo tse ngata a nehela ho ithuta melao-motheo ea classic ka neano Serussia. O nang mosebetsi mogopolofela hore lokafatsa mocha o-oa classic setaele, 'me joalo meaho ba hlaheletseng e le Polovtseva ntlo St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute ka Ivanovo, Moscow Union mohaho Moscow. Har'a Litsebi tse ileng ba ipolelang hore mehopolo retrospective neoclassical koteleme Zakharov, F. Lidval, St. serafima, A. Belogrud le ba bang ba bangata. Architects Moscow le St. Petersburg, e seng feela ba boikakaso ba lihlooho bobeli Russia, empa a boela a beha molumo bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea metse e meng ka har'a naha.

Neoclassicism ka sebōpeho sa Moscow

Motse-moholo oa Russia ka hona joale le motlotlo bontša e ikhethang e tsoileng meralo le ka mokhoa neoclassical. Bobeli linako tsa setaele ena siile letšoao bohlokoa literateng. Moscow Litsebi bohlale khabisitsoeng motse ratang. Har'a mehaho fetisisa hlokomelehang lokela ho bitsoa lapeng peiso sechaba le "Ntlo Tower" ka Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO matlong Mindovsky meralo Nikolai Lazarev, sehlomathiso le Moscow Art Theater F. Shechtel, moaho oa State chelete Banka Ivanov-Shicai. Stalin nako ya neoclassicism e tloaelehileng ho mong le e mong moahi Serussia. Sena popegomankalankala tummeng L. Rudnev, D. Chechulina A. Mordvinova le Litsebi tse ling.

Neoclassicism St. Petersburg

The mothofatso ea tlhaloso e itseng ea mocha o-oa classic St. Petersburg e ne e tummeng "ntlo le litora" K. Rosenstein. Ho eona lineano mehleng e bohareng li lohellana le metsoako ea morao-rao le khale. motse-moholo karolong e ka leboea le ka ithorise ba le e ngata mehaho e meng e ka mokhoa ona. The tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke libaka tsa bao: ntlo-Abamelek Lazarev meralo I. Fomin, setsi Tom de Khao Thomon, moemeli ea ba pele mocha o-oa classic matlong Betlinga mosebetsi A. Grube, mohaho ona o foleteng entsoe ke J. Timofeev Kovarskii le tse ling tse mosebetsi oa tsebo e.