Nakong ea tswakana liprotheine ameha ka ho toba hore na makala le limolek'hule?

Protein - ho ke ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa leha e le efe e phelang dintho. Di amehang dithulaganyo tsohle tshilong ya dijo ea lisele tse moaho diboloko di makala le lisele tse ho sebetsa e le a hoehla limolek'hule. Nakong ea tswakana liprotheine ameha ka ho toba nka enzyme tse ngata, hammoho le organelles seleng e le khubu.

Mehato ea tswakana protheine: Biological k'hemistri

Mochine bakeng sa ho haha limolek'hule protheine e rarahane haholo le hloka palo e khōlō ea lintlha. Peptides entsoe ka limolek'hule tse 'maloa tsa amino acid,' me palo ea bona e fapana ka mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e haholo.

opereishene e loketseng ho itšetlehile ka protheine conformation tsa molek'hule ea, 'me palo ea-amino acid le tatelano nepahetse bona ka peptide ena. Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le sena e bolokwa ka tatelano DNA, 'me pherekano lona ka lebaka la ho liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso le lintho tse ling ho ka etsa hore shutdown liprotheine ea bohlokoa le lefu seleng.

Khetholla methati latelang tsa protheine tswakana ka seleng :

1. mafoko aa reeditsweng go.

2. hasa.

Mohato o le mong: mongwalollo

Nakong ea tswakana liprotheine ameha ka ho toba limolek'hule acid e nucleic. DNA e le polokelo tsohle liphatsa tsa lefutso tlhahisoleseding e eketsehileng khouthollotsweng ho sebedisa ho lona mehaho nucleotide tatelano ya peptide tsa nakong e tlang. Ho qala ka ho qala codon (triplet) ho seemelong sa, tlhahisoleseding e bala protheine ho acid e mong nucleic - RNA. Sena ba se nang balekane ketane molek'hule e isoa ka pores ka khubung seleng ea ka cytoplasm ena.

Ha tshebetso ya ho mongwalollo ka eukaryotes e amanang le khubu eo, prokaryotes sieo ntsetso-peleng ea tswakana tsa peptide ena. RNA, e leng e thehoa ka chromosome baktheria, ka nako eo e sebetswa le o khomaretse ribosomes ena.

Enzyme li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa le tswakana tsa RNA ka thempleite DNA. Ka tshebetso ya ho tswakana protheine ameha ka ho toba limolek'hule tse kang lintlha mongwalollo, kapa TF. Sena ke letoto la liprotheine hore ho kgothaletsa phallo ya tshebetso ya ho bala boitsebiso bo tsoang acid e ea deoxyribonucleic.

Mohato tse peli: hasa

Ha RNA kena cytoplasm ea sele ho tloha ea mantlha e, tlhahisoleseding ka ho hlophisoa ha peptide le ho bala ka ho mehaho e khethehileng. Nakong ea tswakana liprotheine ameha ka ho toba ribosomes - bao e seng lera, mehaho e nyenyane bophara entsoe ka subunits tse peli: e kholo le tse nyenyane. RNA behoa pakeng tsa subunits tsena tse peli, 'me joale e qala ho bala boitsebiso boo.

Codon ke codon bakeng sa hahe sebaka limolek'hule telele protheine tsa mofuta o le sethunya. Sena se o ile a hlalosa e latelang: ka sebaka sa mezhribosomalnom beha tse pedi feela codon hang-hang. Ha e mong oa bona e se e bala, acid e amino e khomaretse peptide, 'me a oela ho tswa ribosome le ka lesoba khethehileng ka mokgwa wa e mosa ea mohatla. Hlahellang e le sleeve marotholi ho tloha sethunya sa ka mora a betsa.

Nakong ea tswakana liprotheine ho toba lihlopha akaretswago HAEBA lihaha-'mele, kapa qalo lintlha. Ka thuso ea bona, polypeptide tswakana e qala ka e simolleng codon, eo maemong a mangata ke methionine.

Ke habohlokoa ho bua ka hore acid e amino ba tlisoa ribosomes ka bajari khethehileng bitsoa tRNA kapa phetiso RNA. limolek'hule tsena na le sebopeho sa cloverleaf, 'me qetellong ea eona e oona o kopanela ka amino acid e, hammoho le ATP le protheine e khethehileng - aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. rarahaneng ena kaofela hammoho ho etsa hore e eneji, le ditshenyehelo karolo lopolla mehaho protheine ho ribosome le hokela ka tsela e peptide tlamo e.

ke eng nucleotides?

asiti Nucleic - sehlopha sa metsoako manyolo, e leng polymers. Ba bopilwe ka purine (adenine, guanine) le pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine, uracil) makalana. Tatelano ya nucleotides tsena rerang boitsebiso bo bolokoa ka DNA kapa RNA. Tlhahisoleseding ena e bala ka ribosomes ea ho hlahisa liprotheine, le ho phehelleng boiketlo ya mesebetsi ho kenngwa tshebetsong li robehileng theoha ka triplets nucleotide. E mong le e triplet encodes acid lona amino, eo lopolla tRNA ho ribosome ena.

The tswakana liprotheine mitochondrial

Mitochondria le plastids na tšobotsi e khethehileng - ba na le chitja bona DNA, joalo baktheria chromosome ea libaktheria e. Ka organelle ena acid e nucleic ka 'na sebetsa autonomously synthesize boholo ba bona liprotheine mehaho.

Leha ho le joalo, mitochondrial DNA e sa bolokoa liprotheine lesedi le palokatiso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho tshebetso ya ho mongwalollo le phetolelo. peptides tsena li bokane ka ribosomes sebelisa RNA se mitochondria le khubu. Ka lebaka leo, mehaho e dvumembrannye ha ikemetseng ka ho feletseng.

Kamoo mitochondria le plastids fumane DNA ea bona? E nahana hore organelles tsena ke litloholo tsa libaktheria. Ba ile ba lahleheloa intracellularly boipuso, Leha ho le joalo, a tlisa ka acid e annular nucleic. Sena se bontša ho tšoana ho le DNA mitochondrial le tšoanang prokaryotes molek'hule.

bofello

mehato kaofela tswakana protheine amanang le mong ho e mong, 'me mosebetsi oa bona ke ho haha limolek'hule peptide sebelisa lesedi bolokoa acid nucleic. The batšoantšisi hang-hang ke mehaho e kang motheo le ribosomes, 'me hape ba bang liprotheine e khethehileng.

Ka prokaryotes, ho peptides tswakana thulaganyou e nka beha haholo ka potlako ho baka ha e le hantle e le hore ba ha ba na khubu. RNA, e leng e ba transcribed ka popeho ea DNA ea baktheria, ebe oona o kopanela ka ribosomes, ebe ka nako phallang hape hasa.