Moo ke Lapland Reserve. Lapland Biosphere Reserve

Na u kile ua utloa ka ho maneha Lapland? Ke 'nete hore e! Leha ho le joalo, ha mong le e mong tseba ka ho ba teng ha ho Lapland Reserve. ke seo a se tummeng? Kamoo e ea sebetsang? A sehloohong sena a re tla leka ho araba tsena 'me ba bangata lipotso tse ling tse amanang le sebaka sena se hlollang.

Ho qala, fumana ho moo Lapland Reserve. Ho e teng e ka leboea, ka sebakeng Murmansk. O ne a se a ntse a khale hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 100, 'me ho phaella ho ea bolulo ena ea Santa Claus ho na le lintho tse ngata tse thahasellisang tsa bahahlauli ba tloaelehileng le bo-rasaense. tšimong eo Reserve bo le amang boholo ba eona - e fetang 278 435 hectars, 8574 tseo ka tsona nka metsi sebakeng matša le linōka. Ka lebaka lena le boholo ba Lapland Nature Reserve ke e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe.

pale

libaka ena pafara ileng ba bōptjoa ke Lenoblispolkoma qeto January 1930. Mehleng eo, ho Kola Hloahloeng e le Komiti ea Phethahatso ea sebaka se Leningrad. lilemo tse 20 e ne e le likhama pokello linaheng tse, empa e se e koetsoe bakeng sa nako e sa lekanyetsoang ka 1951. Ka lehlohonolo, boemo bona bo entse qeto ea batlang e le ka potlako, pokello Lapland e ile ea buloa hape ka mor'a lilemo tse hlano, ngolisitsoeng 'me a fumana boemo ba mmuso.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore "Lapland" leliboho fetohile nako le nako, 'me hangata ho feta ka nģa ea fokotseha. Sena ke ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea mehlodi ya matsoai ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la lilemo la ho qetela ka Monchetundra masimong. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, ka 1983, ho pokello ea ha e ne khomaretse sebakeng tsotehang haholo karolong e ka bophirimela (129,577 ly). E ne e lekana le hoo e ka bang 100% tsa sebakeng seo pele. naha mmuso o abetsweng "Lapland" ka matšeliso bakeng sa mesi e kotsi fokotswa ka lokisoeng semela "Severonikel" naha e karolong e ka bochabela ea pokello ea.

Ka bohareng ba bo-February 1985 Lapland State Biosphere Reserve e nkiloeng tlas'a tšireletso ea UNESCO e le biosphere pokello. Project "Fantastic Lapland" o ne a qala ho lilemo tse leshome hamorao (1995). Ho tloha ka nako eo, pokello ba ile ba qala ho emela se feela ho etsa lipatlisiso le tsa tikoloho, empa e boetse e le boleng ba setso.

Lapland Nature Reserve - landschap

Ka matsatsi a Valdai glaciation Kola Hloahloeng koahela tšoanang leqhoa lakane e koahela Greenland kajeno. O nyamela lilemo tse 10,000 fetileng, ba siea e mabalane le orilla matla ea Moraine le thaba ea leqhoa-smoothed mafika a matla outputs, eo ba bitsoa "royyala liphatleng". Mora glaciation ho na le hoo e ka bang ha ho mafika sedimentary. Ba tloswa ke le dikarolo a se nang letho ea lilemo Archean, haholo-holo gneisses.

Ka mor'a ho qhibiliha tsa glaciers libakeng tse le leholo la Kola Hloahloeng telele letho. Qalong, le meea le linonyana tlisa mona liqabang boriba le mosses, dipeo joang. Dimela tsa tlatsetsa ho timetsoa lieha ya Lejoe setšoantšo sa Kola Hloahloeng le sebopeho sa mobu. Haholo ka potlako badlands invertebrates lula, e leng, li kentse letsoho ho a chenche leleiri landschap.

Joale ba qala ho theha meru le tundra, qetellong nka foromo joale.

Linōka le melapo

Lapland Nature Reserve (Monchegorsk) bo emela mefuta atile ea liphoofolo le limela e ka leboea ea Eurasia. Ka lebaka la ho glaciation etellang ho naha ena, e le, ka sebele, bakeng sa bohle ba ba Scandinavia, e tšoauoa ka ho ba sieo ha ka ho feletseng mefuta e tloaelehile haholo.

Lapland tikoloho bōptjoa tsoa feela, ho joalo le ka mokhoa oa ho kenyelletsa bokantle ba mefuta e sa tšoaneng e ncha ea liphoofolo le limela e ntse e le e tsoelang pele. Mefuta e tšoane ha liphoofolo le limela e kamehla ho fetola, ho ke ke batlang e le tse nyenyane.

Lapland pokello atetsoeng atile ka linoka le ho itima lijo lithaba melapo. Libakeng tse ling, ba thōtseng, ba le moepa banka ya sod. Ka libaka tse ling, ba liphororo ka moroallo le qartulad tšoeu.

A mangata ka pokello ea matša tse nyenyane le tse khōlō, lejoe, 'me ka linako tse ling le lehlabathe kapa koahetsoeng ka libanka sedge. Liphula otlolla Yagelnaya meru. lithaba Cover bbbelal phaene-zelenomoshniki. liphula Wide le phallang melapo, tse sehelane moeli le ka rolo e moqotetsane tsa lifate tiea birch, patiwa le hasanyang e khōlō ea majoe, eo e akaretsa matheba e khanyang ea boriba mebala-bala.

Letša kholo ka ho fetisisa - Imandra, e leng sebaka ea 880 km le ^2. Ho e teng le lihlekehlekeng tse fetang 150. The linoka kholo ka ho fetisisa - Strelna, Varzuga, Umba.

tundra

Lapland Nature Reserve (Murmansk sebakeng) limela tse sa tšoaneng, tseo e laolwang ke sebaka lona libaka - 120 km le ka leboea ho Arctic Circle - 'me thaba landschap. Ka mor'a ho qhibiliha tsa leqhoa holim 'a mobu o lula boriba le mosses. Ka maemo a boima ao ea thaba tundra, likhama boriba tloaelehile hore batho ba thaba e - e le ratang ka ho fetisisa e ratoa ba reindeers. Libakeng tse ling, ba ile ba fetola lik'hapete lihlahla, crowberry, blueberries, cranberries, bearberry. Ba coexist, le rhododendron lihlahla kuropatochey joang bo (Dryad).

Libakeng tse ling, ho na le molatsoana kapa cushion e bōpehileng joaloka saxifrage, Linnaeus tlaase ovsyannitsa, dwarf birch. The lipalesa nako ea libaka tsena tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.

Polar taiga

E mong oa ea bohlokoa e ka sehloohong ea ho libakeng Lapland Reserve Forest ba le ntseng le hōla ka linaha tsena tloha ka ba lilemo 3 ho tse 10 tse sekete. A le lilemo li karolelano ea lifate o hōla mona bakeng sa lilemo tse 300. Ba bang exemplar ar fihla ba bolelele ba limithara tse 15. Active ntshetsopele ya le taiga Polar ka lebaka la boemo ba leholimo e batlang e le bonolo le ho ba sieo ka ho feletseng permafrost ka subsoil lera.

Mariha, mobu le sirelelitsoe lehloa, 'me e tsitsipanyang hobane ha ho thata haholo. Lifate hōle butle-butle, empa fihla boholo o tsotehang haholo, ho e sa hopola hōla setokong tsa moru tundra tsa Siberia.

The phaene ea moo o linale lekgutshwanyane hore nka se ka lilemo tse tharo, 'me ka lilemo tse ka bang tse supileng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bakang ena e nkoa e le mofuta o itseng ka thoko - phaene Vries.

Tloaetseng re phaene ka go engwa legatong ka pokello ea Siberia phaene le bath bakeng sa mofuta ona wa dikhouno nyenyane.

Subarctic le warty birch e ntse e hōla merung phaene le merung. Sparse undergrowth le bopilwe ka lithaba molora, junipere Siberia, poli moluoane le mefuta e meng ea meluoane.

Fatše limela lera Reserve atile lulang se le setala lihlahla - crowberry, lingonberry, Linnaeus, blueberries, mefuta e 'maloa ea wintergreen. Ho na le ba e ngata ea lulang se le setala dimela herbaceous - Luzula pilosa, moriri joang.

Haholo a bolela hore boriba lera. Ka phaene meru ea mosses hangata ho kopantswe le boriba cladonia (Alpine, deerskin le bonolo). Tekanyong e ka holimo ea morung e tšoauoa ka ba bolelele ba 380 m.

Liphoofolo tsa Lapland Nature Reserve

Mofuta wa sebaka sena e ntle ka hore ho talingoe ho hloekileng. Ka lilemo tse makholo, ho Sami atlehile ho kopanela likhama alosa le, e loketseng,-tsohle a fotholang jang nama.

Ke tšimoloho ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, ho Lapland ho na le ba seng bakae feela likhama le libatana tse khōlō.

likhama

Ka bophirimela, e Kola Hloahloeng ka nako eo o ile a lula feela hoo e ka bang likhama lekholo.

E ne e ho hlokahala hore ho nka mehato e potlakileng ho sireletsa liphoofolo tsena, kahoo ka 1930, 'me ho ile ha hlophisoa ke Lapland Reserve. Hang mehato ya tshireletso ile a fana ka sephetho pele ntle.

Kajeno pokello e kamehla phela batho ba fetang sekete. Deer khetha meru-belomoshniki le lithaba-tundra landschap. Lapland phakeng ea sechaba ruileng ba e ratang lijo - likhama boriba. Thanks ho mesebetsi tshireletso nako e telele tsa Reserve likhama tse hlaha hasana hohle hloahloeng, ka holim'a tsohle ho lithaba le meru karolong e ka bophirimela.

Qalong ea ea XX lekholong la lilemo la ka Lapland Biosphere Reserve ka mor'a ho ba sieo ka nako e telele ile a khutlela beaver le likhama. Ho thahasellisang ke hore likhama ile a libaka tsena e ka boroa le boroa-ka bophirimela ho bona, empa beaver ba ne ba ka ho khetheha a tlisa ho tloha pokello ea motseng oa Voronezh. Ha a ntse a dimela bobeli li haella.

likoeteng

Lapland Nature Reserve e ka sebaka sa eona, 'me libatana tse kgolo. The atileng ka ho fetisisa sootho bere. Wolverines, liphiri le lynxes ba bakae. Ho na le boetse ho na le liphokojoe, empa palo ea bona e nyenyane haholo. Mongoose, marten, ermine etsahala hangata ha ho. mariha lehloa ke phutholohile haholo bakeng sa bophelo ba voles le lemmings.

linonyana

linonyana tsohle tse lulang Lapland Reserve, ho hlalosa ka ho qaqileng sehloohong e khutšoanyane ke ha khoneha. Ka hona, kajeno re tla confine itsebang kateng ho mefuta e ba pokello ena na le bohlokoa haholo tikoloho.

Nesting le ho falla e hlokomela mefuta e 20 ea waterfowl. Re lokela ho hlokomela e le nyenyane, e monyenyane e tšoeu-greylag likhantsi. Morao tjena, mofuta ona wa potlako nyamela hoo e ka bang sebaka sohle sa sebakeng seo. Ho fapana le likhantši tse ling karolong e ka leboea, greylag likhantsi lihlaha ka mabōpong a linōka lithaba le melapo.

Le sebaka sa pele ka boleng ba pokello e hapa grouse - grouse, capercaillie, o motsho grouse, ptarmigan le tundra. The mefuta e qetellang lulang thabeng tundra, lodge tse ling ka morung.

Joalo phofu le seoelo linonyana joaloka phakoe e jang litlhapi le, ntsu, phakoe, e tšoeu-gelada ntsu, pokello ea phutholohile ka ho feletseng.

liphooko

Baemeli ba linonyana tsena rata ho bolella le rona ho feta. Ho thata ho fumana lefatše sebakeng se seng ka e kang Lapland State Biosphere Reserve, moo kholo haholo, empa feela tšimo e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke mefuta e robeli ea liphooko.

Mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo - e nyenyane Hawk sephooko. O ile a ke le moemeli oa mefuta e tsa matsoalloa meru o ka leboea. masiba lona e nyalana hantle le semelo e bōptjoa ke birch leboea.

Hae "Morali'abo rōna" - Great Gray Owl - ke kholo ka ho fetisisa sephooko boreal moru, empa a fumana ho le ka seoelo haholo. Ho khetha ho phela ka morung, fapanyetsana le libaka tse sabaletseng, ho etsa mohlala, ka bogs sphagnum.

Boreal le Mapygmy sephooko - sephooko nyenyane ka ho fetisisa Russia. O ile a khetha ho lula le le khutsufalitsoeng le phaene le hum kalse mohbat ka le meru birch.

Marsh sephooko, Ural sephooko le ntsu sephooko - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka liphoofolo lefatšeng. Fokola ka palo, empa e le e tloaelehileng haholo bakeng sa Lapland Reserve tšoeu kapa Polar liphooko.

Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore ho Arctic khanya bosiu, liphooko ba tlameha ho tloha ka tsoma motšehare. Tšoeu masiu a nako e telele - tse lekholo matsatsi a (ho tloha qalong ea May ho fihlela halofo ea bobeli oa August). Nakong ena ea liphooko hloka ho hōla le ho ba fepa malinyane. Ka lebaka leo, ho bona sephooko se fofang motšehare ke ho le bonolo ho boloka.

O ka hangata ho bone ka mehloli Marsh sephooko. Ho e fofelang libaka butle bulehileng, batla phofu. Joaloka liphooko ho fetisisa, e na bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa kutlo lekala ke le tsebe, le hoja mahlo a eona a ke ke a bitsoa fokola.

Ha khanya ea letsatsi e ka morung ka bonoa hawkish sephooko. mefuta e 'meli ea liphooko itšoare haholo covertly, ba ka feela kopana ka tšohanyetso. Ba etsa bona "polokelo" ka likoting tsa lifate. Mona ba tlisa depositi ea setopo sa litoeba tse nyenyane, 'me linonyana tse linako tse ling tse nyenyane.

Thata le ho feta ho fumana sephooko le nako e telele-gelada tawny sephooko. Ho motho ea tsoaletsoeng litsomi. Ho phaella ho litoeba tse nyenyane, e leng motheo wa lijo tsa bona, ba ne ba ha averse ho ja linonyana fapaneng le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Sephooko catches grouse le bokotokwe, le se ke hopotse le monyetla oa le ho hlōla ermine.

Kholo ka ho fetisisa sephooko ka Lapland pokello hangata e tsoma grouse, hares le grouse. Ho ne ho Maemong a ha a ne a atleha ho tsongoa marten. Leha ho le joalo, ha e le fetise e ka ba lehlatsipa.

Liphooko, ka lebaka la ho utloa libakeng khona ho tšoasa litoeba tlas'a e tenya ea lehloa, kahoo hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea, ntle eared Owl, ba rarolloa.

mesebetsi saense

Tataiso e khōlō ea mosebetsi saense tsa Lapland Reserve - ho boloka le ho eketsa ea baahi ba likhama tse hlaha tšimong ea eohle ea Kola Hloahloeng. Ho phaella moo, mesebetsi badirimmogong ba kenyeletsa boalosi e tsoelang pele le ho ithuta pokello haufi tsa likhoebo le liindasteri tse tikoloho le ekolotsi. The limela le liphoofolo tse sa tšoaneng hohela se badirimmogong ba ea moo feela hangata bo-rasaense ba ho tloha naheng e 'ngoe.

Ho ithuta maemo ba phelang le mekhoa ea likhama tse hlaha ba ile ba qala ka 1929, pele ke ahlamisa pokello ea. Direkoto pele ea liphoofolo tsena ne M. Kreps lithaba mariha.

excursions

Lapland Nature Reserve - sebakeng se bohehang. Ho phaella ho hlollang le lithaba khatholla, meru ea boholo-holo le liphoofolo tse hlaha, o ka fumana tloaelana le setso sa Sami, 'me ka ea mariha ho tsoela pele e le leeto la ho tora ea Santa Claus.

Reserve maeto a lia khoneha ho feela ka tlhophiso pele le taolo ya ho. Ho lokisetsa leeto la ka, o lokela ho sebelisa ka holimo dintlha ka ikopanya le ho beheloa online.