Macrolides - lithibela-mafu / litšobotsi tse General le kopo

Macrolides - lithibela-mafu, sebōpeho sa eo a senola macrocyclic lactone lesale. Bona ho itšetlehile ka palo ea liathomo k'habone arohane ka 14 membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-membered (azithromycin), le 16-membered (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). dintho tsena tse ngata ba sebetsa ka mafolofolo ikutloeleng likokoana-hloko intracellular (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) le a mob mobile ea HIV cocci (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - lithibela-mafu bao e leng metsoako ea bonyane nang le chefo e.

Tsoa ho 'nile ha e leng keketseho ea ho hanyetsa tse sa bonahaleng tse hore a nke khato ho ba sehlopha sena ba lithethefatsi. bopaki bo saense e bontša hore maemong a mang ho macrolides 16-membered (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) boloke mosebetsi khahlanong streptococci pyogenic le pneumococci, e matlafatsa 14 membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), le 15-membered (azithromycin) meriana. Macrolides - lithethefatsi hore ho sebetsa ka metso o mosoeu le mokhokhothoane, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, Chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore microorganisms bao e leng ea lelapa Pseudomonas le Enterobakteriatsea na hanyetsa tlhaho ho macrolides tsohle.

mochine oa bohato

Lithethefatsi sehlopheng sena tlōla le biosynthesis liprotheine ka ribosomes ea lisele tse sa bonahaleng tse. Macrolides - lithibela-mafu, e leng bontša le phello e bacteriostatic. Ha abela tekanyetso lebetsoeng le bontša mosebetsi bactericidal khahlanong le nyumonia, metso o mosoeu le mokhokhothoane. lithethefatsi tsena li ka 'na e boetse e bontša immunomodulatory le-ba khahlanong le a hlabang sebediswa.

lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba hang-hang ananelang ka pampitšana loewenapotheke-mala, ka adsorption e le hantle bona ba bioactive ntho mahloriso ka ho lokisetsa, e leng litekanyetso li behoa foromo, hammoho le ho ba teng ha lijo le chelete e ba eona. Lijo haholo fokotsa bioavailability tsa erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin le medikamitsina, le hoo e batlang e ha ho na le phello e bioavailability tsa spiramycin, josamycin le clarithromycin.

Macrolides - lithibela-mafu, eo mahloriso ka lero la mali e ka tlaase haholo ho bapisoa le masela. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ba boetse o bitsoa lithibela-mafu dinama tse nyenyane tse. moloko o mocha oa macrolides habonolo tlama ho liprotheine lero la mali. Tekanyo phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa lero la mali protheine tlamang hlokomela le rodomiksinom (90%), ho se tlaase-tlaase - le spiramycin (ka tlase ho 20%). lithethefatsi macrolide ba hantle haholo a aba ho pholletsa le 'mele, ho bōpa e mahloriso lebetsoeng le ka makala a sa tšoaneng le lisele. Ho ka ba bonolo phunyeletse ka lera seleng, ho bōpa e ka thoko ho leqephe intracellular bokella.

lihlahisoa metaboliki nkiloeng haholo-holo ho tswa ho bile le moroto. Ka mor'a ho sebelisoa ha lithibela-mafu ka ba le litla-morao ka hlooho e opang, ho nyekoa ke pelo, ho hlatsa, letshollo, bofokoli kakaretso, malaise, kulisa. Lithibela-mafu o ile a re sehlopha tsamaisoa le mafu a tšoaetsanoang a ka holimo (a hlobaetsang le sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit) ka tlaase le e (atypical serame sa matšoafo, la bronchitis foleng) airway, mokhokhothoane, metso o mosoeu, mokaola, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, maqoqomete matla, kampilobakterioznom gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

Ho sa rateheng ho laela lithibela-mafu tsena nakong ea bokhachane. Saense e proven le phello e mpe ea clarithromycin ka lesea la. Josamycin, spiramycin le erythromycin se ba le phello e kotsi ho lesea, kahoo ba ka sebelisoa esita le nakong ea bokhachane. Azithromycin ka nako e sebediswa boemong ba tšohanyetso. Boholo ba lithethefatsi macrolide kena lebese la. Nakong ea kanyeso molemo ho qoba ho tswa ho tshebediso ya lithibela-mafu tsena.