Ntoa Livonian lilemo 1558-1583 fetohile e mong oa matšolo bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa linako tse ling ba Ivana Groznogo. Le tsohle tsa lekholong la lilemo la XVI, mohlomong.
Livonian Ntoa: hakhutšoanyane feela ka mafelo a le
Ka mor'a hore moholo Muscovite Tsar o ile a khona ho hlōla Kazan le Astrakhan Khanate, Ivan IV lebisitse tlhokomelo ea hae ho linaha tsa Baltic le Leoatle Baltic. The nkhape tsa libaka tsena bakeng sa 'muso Moscow ne se tla bolela menyetla tsepisa ho Trade ka Baltic. Ka nako e tšoanang, ba ile ba lula ho na le se a ntse a mohoebi Jeremane le Livonian Order ne disadvantageous haholo ho lumella le baphadisani e ncha sebakeng seo. Qeto ya likhanyetsano tsena, 'me e ne e le ho ba le Livonian Ntoa. Brief buuoa lokela ho etsoa ka lebaka le ka puo ea khale bakeng sa eona. Ba ile ba sebeletsa e le batho bao e seng lefa sethabathaba ke Livonian Order, eo Bishopric tsa Dorpat ile a tlameha ho lefa e emelang Moscow ho ea ka tumellano 1554. Molao, sethabathaba sena a le teng ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la lilemo la XVI. Leha ho le joalo, ka ka go ikatisetsa ka eona ka nako e telele ho se motho ea hopoloa. Feela le aggravation ea likamano pakeng tsa mekga e, Ivan Grozny sebediswa hantle sena e le tokafatso tsa Russia a hlasela ka Leoatle la Baltic.
Livonian Ntoa: bokhutšoanyane ka vicissitudes tsa ntoa
mabotho a Russia o ile a qala ho hlasela Livonia ka 1558. Mokhahlelo oa pele oa thulana, e leng e ile ea nka ho fihlela 1561, e ile ea phethoa sithabetsa hlōloa tsa Order Livonian. Lebotho la Moscow Tsar pogroms tsamaea ho pholletsa le ka bochabela le e bohareng Livonia. Dorpat le Riga li ne li nkile. Ka 1559, mekga e saena truce ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng, e leng e ne e ho ntshetsa pele ka selekane khotso ka mantsoe a ba vassalage tsa Order Livonian ho tloha Russia. Empa ho thusa Knights Jeremane potlakela ho Morena oa Poland le Sweden. Korol Sigizmund II mebuso ipetlela litsela ile a khona ho nka taelo ea hore tlas'a protectorate lona. Le dipehelo tsa konteraka ea Vilna Livonian Order khaotsa ho ba teng ka November 1561. sebaka sa eona aroloa pakeng tsa Lithuania le Poland. Joale Ivanu Groznomu ile a tlameha ho tobana le hang-hang tse tharo qothisanang lehlokoa le matla: Duchy tsa Lithuania, 'Muso oa Poland le Seswedishe. Ka bobeli Leha ho le joalo, ho Tsar tsa Muscovy ka potlako ho etsa khotso ka nakoana. Ka lilemo tse ka 1562-63 qala bobeli khōlō letšolo la ka Leoatle la Baltic. Liketsahalo Livonian Ntoa, mothating ona, ba tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele hantle. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1560s bohareng ho likamano moedi mathata pakeng tsa Ivanom Groznym le boyars khethiloeng thabile. Boemo bona bo e ka ho eketsehileng a feteletsoang e loketseng ho defection ba e mong oa metsoalle ea hlooho ea khomo oa khosana e Andreya Kurbskogo ho Lithuania le khelohela hae ho sera (lebaka la hore susumelletsa nobleman, e ne e le despotism hōla tsa Moscow principality le ho kena-kenana ba fetola boholo-holo oa nobility). Ka mor'a ketsahalo ena, Ivan Grozny qetella a tiile lipelo, bona mo potolohileng tiileng mahlabaphio. E tšoanang le ho etsahalang ka hona, 'me ba hlola ka pele, e leng e hlalosa Khosana ea lira tsa ka hare. Ka ka 1569, Lithuania le Poland kopane ka boemo e le 'ngoe hore Ho matlafatsa matla a bona. Ho ella bofelong ba 1560 bo - mathoasong a 70 o mabotho a Russia utloa bohloko letoto la hlōtsoe le esita le lahleheloa ke liqhobosheane tse seng kae. Le 1579 ntoa bakeng sa Grand Duchy ea Moscow e se ho rua ho itšireletsa ho feta ke lintho tsa tlhaho. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1579 ba lireng e haptjoang ka Polotsk, ka 1580th - Great Seqha, ka 1582, ho tsoela pele ka ho thibelloa le lelelele la Pskov. Ho totobetse hore ho saena tsa khotso le respite bakeng sa 'muso ka mor'a lilemo tse mashome tsa matšolo sesole.
Livonian Ntoa: bokhutšoanyane ka liphello tsa seo
ntoa e ile ea lala ka saenela ea sa thabiseng ho fetisisa bakeng sa Moscow Plyusskogo le Yam Zapolskoho truces. Phihlelo ho Leoatle Baltic ha e so fumaneng. Ho ena le hoo, Duke ile khathetse le ripitla naha e ne e le boemong bo botle thata haholo. Liphello tsa Livonian Ntoa potlakisa maqakabetsi hare ileng a lebisa ho Likhathatso Great qalang ea lekholo la lilemo la XVI.