Li-organoids tse se nang leseli: sebopeho le mesebetsi

Lisele tsohle tsa lintho tse phelang li na le lera la plasma, nucleus le cytoplasm. Organoids le inclusions li fumanoa qetellong. Organoids ke mekhoa e sa feleng ea cage, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e etsang mesebetsi e itseng. Li-inclusions ke mehaho ea nakoana eo haholo-holo e nang le glycogen liphoofolong le starch limela. Ba etsa mosebetsi oa boipheliso. Li-inclusions li ka fumanoa ka har'a cytoplasm le ka matrix ea organelles ka bomong, joalo ka chloroplasts.

Mekhabiso ea organelles

Ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho, ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tse kholo. Li-cytology, membrane le li-membrane organoids li arohane. Ea pele e ka aroloa ka likaroloana tse peli: lera le le leng.

Li-organoids tse se nang molekane li kenyelletsa reopulum endoplasmic (reticulum), lik'hamphani tsa Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, melanosomes.

Mitochondria le plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leukoplasts) li nkoa e le li-organoids tse peli tsa lera . Li na le mohaho o rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa, eseng feela ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha lisele tse peli. Ha li entsoe, li-inclusions esita le li-organoids eohle le DNA li ka ba teng. Ka mohlala, ka matrix ea mitochondrial, ribosomes le DNA ea mitochondrial (mtDNA) e ka bonoa.

Li-organelles tse se nang leseli li kenyelletsa li-ribosomes, cell centre (centriole), microtubules le microfilaments.

Nemembrannye organoids: mesebetsi

Li-ribosomes li hlokahala bakeng sa ho etsa liprotheine. Ba ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea phetolelo, ke hore, ho khetholla tlhahisoleseding e ho mRNA, le ho thehoa ha moketeng oa polypeptide oa amino acid e le 'ngoe.

Setsi sa sele se kenya letsoho ho thehoa ha sekhahla sa karohano. E thehoa ka bobeli ts'ebetsong ea meiosis, le mitosis.

Litho tsa mofuta ona tse se nang leseli, tse kang microtubules, li etsa cytoskeleton. E etsa mesebetsi ea mohaho le ea lipalangoang. Ka holim'a li-microtubules, lintho tse peli ka bomong le li-organoids kaofela li ka tsamaea, ka mohlala, mitochondria. Tsamaiso ea lipalangoang e etsahala ka thuso ea liprotheine tse ikhethang, tse bitsoang li-proteine tsa motor. Setsi sa ho hlophisa li-microtubules ke centriole.

Li-Microfilaments li ka kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho fetola sebōpeho sa sele, hape li hlokahala bakeng sa ho tsamaea ha likokoana-hloko tse ling tse kang li amoeba. Ho phaella moo, mehaho e fapaneng e ka thehoa ho bona, mesebetsi ea eona e sa ithutoang ka botlalo.

Sebopeho

Joalokaha ho hlakile ho tsoa ka lebitso, li-organoids tsa mohaho o se nang leseli ha li na litapole. Li na le liprotheine. Tse ling tsa tsona li na le li-nucleic acid.

Sebopeho sa ribosomes

Li-organoids tsena tse se nang leseli li teng marakong a reticulum ea ho qetela. The ribosome e na le sebopeho se sephara, bophara ba eona ke 100-200 angstroms. Li-organoids tsena tse se nang lisele li na le likarolo tse peli (lihlopha tse nyenyane) - tse nyenyane le tse kholo. Ha ribosome e sa sebetse, e arohane. E le hore ba kopane, ho tlameha hore ebe ho na le boteng ba ioni ea magnesium kapa calcium ho cytoplasm.

Ka linako tse ling, ha ho etsoa limolek'hule tse khōlō tsa protheine, li-ribosomes li ka kopantsoe ka lihlopha tse bitsoang polyribosomes kapa polysomes. Palo ea li-ribosome ho tsona e ka tloha ho 4-5 ho isa ho 70-80 ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba molek'hule ea protheine eo ba e etsang.

Li-Ribosomes li na le liprotheine le rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid), hammoho le limolek'hule tsa metsi le ion ea tšepe (magnesium kapa calcium).

Tsela ea setsi sa sele

Li-eukaryotes, li-organoids tsena tse se nang leseli li na le likarolo tse peli, tse bitsoang centrosomes, le centrosphere, e leng leseli le khanyang le potolohileng centrioles. Ho fapana le nyeoe le ribosomes, likarolo tsa organoid hangata li kopantsoe. Botlalo ba li-centrosome tse peli bo bitsoa diplomatisme.

Centrosome e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le li-microtubules, tse sothehileng ka sebōpeho.

Sebopeho sa likokoana-hloko le microtubules

Ea pele e entsoe ka actin le liprotheine tse ling tsa contractile, tse kang myosin, tropomyosin, joalo-joalo.

Li-microtubules li emela li-cylindere tse telele, tse se nang letho, tse hōlang ho tloha centriole ho ea likarolong tsa sele. Le bophara ba tsona ke 25 nm, 'me bolelele bo ka ba li-nanometer tse' maloa ho ea ho limilimithara tse ngata, ho itšetlehile ka boholo le mesebetsi ea sele. Li-organoids tsena tse se nang lisele li na le li-protein tse ngata tsa tubulin.

Li-microtubules ke li-organoids tse tsitsitseng, tse lulang li fetoha. Ba na le ho qetela le ho fokotseha. Ea pele e phaella ka ho eona limolek'hule tsa tubulin, 'me ho tloha ka bobeli li lula li arohanngoa.

Ho theha li-organoids tse se nang leseli

Nucleolus e ikarabella bakeng sa ho thehoa ha ribosomes. E hlahisa RNA ea ribosomal, e leng sekoti sa eona se kentsoeng ke ribosomal DNA, e likarolong tse khethehileng tsa li-chromosome. Liprotheine tse entsoeng ka li-organoids tsena li entsoe ka cytoplasm. Ka mor'a moo, li isoa nucleolus, moo li kopantseng le ribosomal RNA, e etsang karoloana e nyenyane le e kholo. Joale li-organoids tse feliloeng li isoa cytoplasm, ebe li ea marakong a granular endoplasmic reticulum.

Setsi sa sele se 'nile sa e-ba teng seleng ho tloha ha se thehoa. E thehoa ka ho arola seleng ea bakhachane.

Qetello

Ha re fana ka lihlahisoa, re fana ka tafole e khutšoanyane.

Kahoo, hona joale o tseba tsohle ka li-organoids tse se nang leseli tse fumanoang lisele tse peli tsa limela le liphoofolo le tsa fungal.