Histori ea Saratov le Saratov sebakeng: Tatellano ea liketsahalo tsa liketsahalo tse hlahelletseng a

E nako e telele e eme Volga toropo e khanyang ea boholo-holo tsa Saratov. Ho e thehiloe ka 1590 ka qhobosheane lebela boroa-ka bochabela meeli ea Russia, 'me ho tloha nakong eo e fetang makholo a mane ba phelang mona batho ba lichaba tse ngata, le Marussia. Histori ea Saratov e tletse liketsahalo tse khōlō, ho ke ke ba aroloa tsoa litlalehong tsa histori ea puso ea rōna, 'me ka hona e thahasellisa haholo. Motse oo o ile ea e-ba setsi sa e leng sebaka se seholo le lapeng ho 'maloa a ikhethang, batho ba nang le talente ho sebeletsa naheng ea hae le ho bontša ba le masimo a fapaneng.

Tse peli tse mabitso ka Saratov

History na hase bohle ba 'nete ha amanang le libaka tsena, empa ntho e' ngoe e ntse e le e sa tsejoeng.

Sebakeng se bo Hare Volga batho ba 'nile ba lula nako e telele fetileng. Bohehang matheba, e nang le libata le tlhapi, naha e nonneng, meru le matlotlo a mang tsa tlhaho li entse hore bahlabani ea Golden Horde ho sutumelletsa batho ba moo, Sarmatians boholo-holo, ba neng ba lula mona ho tswa ho BC V lekholong la lilemo la le ho haha motse Uvek, e ile ea e-boraro kholo ka ho fetisisa ho fedisa ka kaofela ha Mongol-Tatar matlotlo. Sena se etsahetse, ho ea ka bo-rahistori ba likhopolong, ho tloha VI ho lekholong la lilemo la VII AD Re ka nahana hore ho ke ke ho tloha ka nako ena e qala histori ea ho hlaha ha Saratov, jwalo ka naha ea setsi lebatowa Russia Federation, e leng a le seterekeng Zavodskoy le teng Uvek. Lebitso morao-rao tlile haholo hamorao, ha Russia tšebeletso sehlopha sa batho ba lined ka ka Sokolova thabeng eo laola sebaka se potolohileng, qhobosheaneng, bitsoa mocha tlhapi toropong. O ha e le hantle se khale ke maemo a naheng ea habo rōna, lilemong tsa Russia 400 - sa lilemo. Ho joalo, o ile a re e le bophahamo ba Tartars o ne a bitsoa Yellow. Puo Turkic ke lebitso le utloahetse joaloka "Sary ga tau" (Yellow Mountain).

Mothehi oa ba bararo "mahakoe a Volga" (Tsaritsyn, Samara le Saratov) o ile a HSH Prince Tsamaea Zasekin.

naheng morao

qhobosheane e hahiloeng holim'a lona ka le letšehali banka ya sekhurumetso sa. Ha ho tsebahale hore se ileng sa etsahala ka 1813, empa ho chesa. Mohlomong ho ile ha etsahala nakong ea thibella ea kamehla, kapa ka lebaka la ho se tsotelle motho e mong a nang le mollo. motse lehong linakong tseo a utloa bohloko ho tswa ho mello khafetsa. Nyahama ka 'nete ena, baahi ba motse ba ile ba fallela banka e mong moepa ya haholo Russia noka, molemong oa tshwaragano e ne a tla ho kotsi e' ngoe ea metsi (noka Saratovka) bebofatswe tshireletso atleha tabeng eo.

Le ho sireletsa libaka tsena ho tloha theko e leng lira-nomads. Fish kamehla vodilas babatsehang, Sturgeon, Sturgeon, beluga, Sturgeon, a se ke a letho ka Pike tloaelehileng le bagre. Se ka ea puso ea Peter Ke ho na le e ne e le seaparo se libetsa. Ho sterlet foromo a mararo ka mofuta oa naleli, letšoao la ena e sebetsa ho metsana boahelani. Histori ea Saratov setsi sa 'musisi ka fella ka ka 1782, ha motse e ile ea fetoha setsi sa la provense. O ntse o hlola ka ho profinseng eo, nako e telele le khutso, e leng se pakoang ke mola ho tloha thoko ea "Ho malimabe, ho tloha Wit", e ngotsoeng ka 1824 JOALOKAHA Griboyedov. "Ka lefeelleng, Saratov ..."

Meferefere le merusu

City Bophelo Leha ho le joalo, ho thata ho bolela otsela. Likhathatso, ho qabana, merusung e ratoang le ntoa phuthoa makhetlo a mangata lefatšeng lena. Ka 1604, ho ne ho kupa takatso e matla mabapi le Ilya tsa Murom, ea ileng a ipolela hore ke Peter Fedorovich, mora oa morena. Stepan Razin la balemi lebotho la hapa motse ka 1670, 'me moeta-pele oa sona e kenngoa ka ntlo-khōlō ea eona ea hae, Cossack Setereke. Esita le ka mor'a lilemo tse 37 histori ea Saratov replenished le ketsahalo e 'ngoe e khōlō, ho thibelloa tsa masole Kondrat Bulavin. Habeli etetse mona pele Russia Moemphera Peter e Moholo (1695, 1722) le ho laeloa hore ba eketsa sebaka seo hapa ke ho fedisa ea bohlokoa. Re ne re sa feta motseng le liketsahalo tse amanang le lebitso la moikhakanyi mong Emelyana Pugacheva. Mona o ile a tšoaroa ka mor'a morusu hatelloang.

Industrial ntshetsopeleng oa profinse Saratov ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la

Industrial ntshetsopeleng boom boom hore e aparetsoe ke ea Russia Muso lekholong la XIX susumetsa kgolo e potlakileng ea tlhahiso le kgwebo ya bokgoni ba sebakeng Volga. Empa pele libakeng tse ka sehloohong le ho fetisisa tsepisa a moruo moo di khetholloa bagwebi bohale. Haha lifektheri, hōla ka leaps le meeli Crafts le masela. Ke mosebetsi esita le bitsoa Saratov seterata. History o bolokile bona bakeng sa litloholo Kuznetsk, Myasnitskaya, Letsoai, Shelkovichnaya Tulupnaya, Brick pedi Kostrizhnye (Big le Nyenyane) (tlas'a lebitso folaxe le hemp tlhahiso ea litšila). Ka bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng e ile a khaotsa tataiso e akaretsang ea ntshetsopele ya sebakeng sa ka nģa ea tlhahiso ea indasteri le ho e lokisa. Mills lekholo lesometlhano fumane metseng profinseng (Khvalynsk, Volsk) le metseng e mengata. thepa Local tala (boleng bo phahameng letsopa) kgothaletswa bagwebi ea moo ho haha le ho ntshetsa pele lifektheri hlahisa litene le letsopa. Mokhoa o sebelisoang ke indasteri, hlokahalang tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tokiso le tshebetso.

A lentsoe khethehileng ea teboho ea tšoaneloang ke ho haholo Russia Raliphetoho PA Stolypin, ea ileng a sebeletsa e le 'musisi oa mona' me le tsoela pele ho phela seterateng Volskaya.

Saratov mohoebi

Trade - bohlokoahali motsoalle ea indasteri le khoebo. bahoebi Volga ka Russia ba ne ba nkoa batho ba khethehileng 'me ba ananela botumo ba, kahoo kamehla lentsoe. Empa maemong a mang, 'me joale, lekholong la XIX, ho hloka netefatso ya borakontraka, haholo-holo ea qetello ea dikontraka tse khōlō le balekane tsebeng. Mona, e mong oa ba pele mekitlane ho Russia ho ile ha hlophisoa. Saratov ile ea e-bohlokoa bohareng dithepa ka Volga, occupying oa boraro le ea bone sebaka ka 'muso ho latela letseno.

bahoebi le ba lilemo tse mashome tseo e amehang, e seng feela ka Barysh, 'me o ile a batla ho siea e hopola lintho hantle. Thanks ho bareki ba Azarov, Zlobin, POZDEEV le tse ling tse ngata bohale bohlokoa ntlafatsa ke ditheo setso (holong, galleries bonono, B & B). Hahile litempele, lipetlele, gymnasiums, limusiamo le mekhatlo e meng e mengata eo e leng tsa bohlokoa sechabeng. bahoebi ba bangata ba ipolelang hore ba Balumeli Khale, 'me a hlaha a le sebakeng Volga ka taelo ea Catherine e Moholo. Ba ile ba khona ho fumana puo e le litho tsa malumeli a mang ba lulang sebakeng sa, 'me ba tlisa molemo o moholo ho profinseng eo.

matla a ea Soviet Union

Liketsahalo Revolutionary le ileng fratricidal ntoa ka ho teba ama moruo le maemo a moruo a sebakeng Volga. Tšenyeho e ne e le habohlokoa hore ebe feela ka 1927 sebaka seo o ile a khona ho tsoela pele ba bang ba litsupa e ka ithorisang wa provense e kileng ea borena. Se nehetsoe ho leano lena le lecha a moruo a phatlalatsa ke Bolshevik boeta-pele ba. Collectivization feletseng fetola sebopeho ea motse, a bo qhetsola tsela ho rarolloa a bophelo, ho fellang ka ho hlahisoeng temo kena fokotseha. Profinseng e ne mabokosana khafetsa la balemi merusu, tse neng li a hlalosa ka ho timetsoa ha detachments lijo le 'meleng ea timetso e-collectivizers balwanedi. bofetoheli tsena li ne li hatella ka mabifi.

Thirties le forties bolaeang

Ho pholletsa le thirties hlahile liindasteri mohaho ona o bokgoni, kabelo ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea e-ba le palokatiso ka sehloohong sebakeng sa ntlafatso.

Histori ea motse oa Saratov ka lilemo tse sehlōhō ntoa a senola ka 'nang a maholo a sebakeng selotlolo merabe. Sebakeng seo di se di ba ntsoa sebakeng sena tlhahiso, pele e neng e tšoaretsoe libakeng bao e leng libaka tsa mosebetsi nakoana. Tsena li akarelletsa ho roka, mochini-haha le likhoebo tse ling. Saratovchane sebete loana ka shebaneng le. Ka mohlala, palo ea matsoalloa ba e mong oa feela sebakeng seo se senyenyane sa le setsi sa setereke, e leng motse oa Volsk fuoa e le sehlooho Hero oa Soviet Union nakong ea ntoa ea fihla mashome a mahlano.

Saratov Majeremane

bajaki Jeremane ho tloha lekholong la XVII boithatelo ba ile ba lula sebakeng sena nonneng. Histori ea profensing ea Saratov le a sireletsa re le mabitso a ba makholo a metsana e neng e le Jeremane utloahalla (Rosenberg, Unterdorf, Rosenberg, Balzer, joalo-joalo) bajaki mpolokile boitsebahatso ba bona naha, ba Lutere bolumeli, puo le setso, ka tsela eo ho ba batho ba Russia le Patriots. Neman le monehelo oa bona tsoelo-peleng ea moruo sebakeng seo.

mabitso a Jeremane o ile a qala ho nyamela ho tloha 'mapa ka 1915, nakong ea ntoa ea Sejeremane. Volga-ralikolone ba ile ba khutlisetsoa ka phuthehong ka mor'a ho February Phetohelo. Ka mor'a hore Bolsheviks qala ho busa, ho sa tsotellehe ambivalence bona phetoho, thehoa esita le Volga Jeremane ikemetseng ka Union Bososhiale Republic (ASSRNP), e bopilweng ka 22 cantons (palo yohle sebakeng 25 likete sq M. km, metse e mene., Hoo e ka bang 550 metseng le litoropong tse, palo ea baahi tse fetang 500 tse sekete. pers.). Ka 1941 e ile ea felisoa le baahi Jeremane o ile a lelekoa, haholo-holo ka ho North Kazakhstan le Bochabela Siberia. The sieo thuto tsa tsamaiso tšoana pholoha mabitso a mabeli a metse e Engels (Pokrovsk, bo fapaneng Saratov, ea Volga) le Marx (Marksshtadt).

Leruo ka sehloohong sa batho ba

Kajeno Saratov Province - e mong oa libaka bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Federation ea Russia, e kholo ka ho fetisisa liindasteri, setso, saense le thuto setsi le ntshetswa pele lefapha la temo ea moruo. Se hlahisa e tummeng lifofane "Yak", molemo ka ho fetisisa tsa lefatše samente, ho phetha litaelo tsa theknoloji e phahameng tshireletso, haha mefuta e fapaneng ya mechine merero nang le khotso, e hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa lijo le tse ling tse ngata. Empa leruo e ka sehloohong ea sebakeng sena e ntle, e leng e se e ka pelong ea Russia, e ntse e le batho e hlollang, le tsebo le ka thata-sebetsa. E le hore ba ngole histori ea Saratov, Balashov, Volsk, Balakovo le tsohle metseng e meng, metseng le litoropong tsa sebaka sena e hlollang.

The enumeration feela ea e tummeng Saratov matsoalloa tla nka nako e ngata haholo le sebaka. Har'a bangoli ba tsena Leo Kassil, Alexander Yakovlev, baqapi Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, PV Kuznetsov (ea hore o ile a ngola e tummeng "Kalinka"), pele cosmonaut ea lefatše ho ea Yuri Gagarin, le bakhanni-bahale Viktor Talalikhin le Yakov Shishkin , 'mōpi oa metsu Academician PD Grushin, batšoantšisi Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Yankovsky le Gleb, seroki le fabulist Krylov le ba bang ba bangata. histori ea Saratov e amanang le mabitso a lifofane DC Antonov, le mongoli oa buka Mikhail Bulgakov, le moetsi oa litšoantšo Vrubel, Yuri Bykov ( 'mōpi ea litsamaiso sebaka le puisano e), empa hase bohle ba ho tse thathamisitsoeng.

Kahoo batho ba bangata ba nang le talente ka beleha le ho hōlisa feela e bohale e sa tloaelehang.