Ferroalloy ke eng? Limela tsa li-ferroalloys

Indasteri ea metallurgic ke indasteri e phahameng ea theknoloji, e sa hlokang feela mesaletsa empa e boetse e etsa lihlahisoa kapa lihlahisoa tse ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa. Li-alloys tsa tšepe tse nang le likarolo tse itseng li sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea tšepe . Lik'hemik'hale tse fumanoang ke li-ferroalloys.

Ke eng?

Ferroalloy ke lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang bakeng sa indasteri ea metallurgic, e sebelisetsoang ho alloying, deoxidizing, ho hloekisa lisebelisoa le lihlahisoa tse se nang terone. Ferroalloy e itšetlehile ka alli ea tšepe (Fe, ferrum) ka li-additives (manganese, potasiamo, molybdenum, silicon, joalo-joalo). Pontšo e etsahala ka lihlopha tse khethehileng.

Ho fihlela joale, lehlakore la tšepe le nang le lisebelisoa tse fetang mashome a mabeli le sebelisoa ho etsa boitsebiso boo. Phuputso e ncha le litlhoko tsa indasteri li bontša ho eketseha ha palo ea lik'hemik'hale.

Morero oa li-ferroalloys

Mefuteng ea tšebeliso ea methapo ea tšepe, li-ferroalloys li sebelisoa bakeng sa alloying, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho hlahisa lipoleiti tse sa tšoaneng tse fetang 2,5 000. Mefuta e ntlafetseng ea tšepe e sebelisoa merafong, metallurgical, lik'hemik'hale, kaho, liindasteri tsa tšireletso le liindasteri tse ling. Ferroalloy - ho phaella ho tšepe, e hlahisoang ho fetola thepa ea boitsebiso ba ho qetela. Ho lokisoa ha litšobotsi tsa tšepe ho ka ntlafatsa tshebetso ea mechine, ho hanyetsa liphetoho tsa mohatsela kapa lik'hemik'hale tse mabifi. Lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa boitsebiso boo li tla itšetleha ka sebopeho se ileng sa kenngoa nakong ea ho qhibiliha ha tšepe.

Ho hlahisa li-ferroalloys le tšebeliso ea tsona e eketsehileng ho etsa hore ho khonehe hore ho hlahisoe tšepe e entsoeng ka mokhoa o fetohileng, ka mohlala, e seng motlakase kapa lisebelisoa tsa thepa. Ho hloekisoa ha tšepe ka thuso ea li-ferroalloys ho hlokahala hore ho tlama le ho ntšetsa oksijene ho slag ho tloha boima bohle. Mona, metsoako ea tšepe e sebelisoa ka silicon, titanium, aluminium, joalo-joalo.

Hape, ferroalloy ke mohlophisi oa tšepe kapa tšepe ea tšepe, e etselitsoeng ho fokotsa lijo-thollo, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lisebelisoa le ho ama ntlafatso ea thepa ea mochine. E le hore u fumane sekhahla se ntlafatsang, tšepe e kopantsoe le likarolo tse 'maloa, mohlala, calcium + silicon, manganese ea tšepe, tšepe + silicon + magnesium, joalo-joalo.

Lisebelisoa tse tala

Ho hlahisa li-ferroalloys ho qala ka lisebelisoa tse tala, e leng ore, e tletseng lihlopha tse itseng. Ka mohlala, bakeng sa ferrosilicon le ferrochrome, ho sebelisoa oli e sebelisoang, 'me bakeng sa ferrotitanium kapa ferrotungsten, boitsebiso bo hlakileng bo tsepamisa mohopolo. Ts'ebetso ea thekenoloji e kenyelletsa mohato oa ho fokotsa lik'hemik'hale tsa tšepe tse amehang ka motsoako. Ntho e kenyang letsoho ea karabelo ke tšepe kapa li-oxide tsa eona. Sehlopha se fumanoeng se fumanoe se fumana melaho bakeng sa foromo e tsitsitseng le ho ba sieo ha tsona bakeng sa khauta e tsitsitseng. Hona joale, indasteri ea metallurgic hangata e sebelisa mokhoa oa electrothermal oa ho hlahisa li-ferroalloys, e leng motheo oa eona o fokotsang ho arabela. Sesebelisoa sa ho qhibiliha ka ho eketsoa ha li-ferroalloys ho fokotsa mocheso ka sebōping, ka tsela eo ho fokotsa matla a matla a tlhahiso.

Mefuta ea ferroalloys

Hona joale, tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea ferroalloys ke lithane tse 16,5 milione ka selemo. Palo ea litlotla e hakanngoa ka matšoao a makholo, a lumellanang ka botlalo le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea mefuta eohle ea tšepe (e tloaelehileng, e khethehileng, ea moralo). Karolo ea Russia ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ke 12,7%, 'me Chaena, United States le Japane li nka maemo a holimo. Ferroalloy - ena ke e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa lihlahisoa, tlhahiso ea eona ke tataiso e tšepisang ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri.

Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea li-ferroalloys:

• Ferrosilicon.
• Silicocalcium.
• Ferromanganese.
• Ferrochromium (carbon di-carbon, low carbon, noncarbonaceous).
• Silicochme.
• Ferrovolphram.
• Ferromolybdenum.
• Ferrovanadium.
• Ferrotitanium.
• Ferroboron.
• Li-alloys tse tsotehang.

Ferroalloy indasteri

Khoebo ea ferroalloy Russia ho fihlela ka 1917 e ne e emeloa ke khoebo e le 'ngoe e teng Urals. Matla a semela a ne a e-na le lik'hilograma tse peli tsa kW 250. Lilemong tse 30 tse sebetsang li ile tsa hlahisoa limela tse 4: Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk, Zaporozhye (Ukraine), Zestafon (Georgia).

Nakong ea 1942 ho fihlela ka 1945, limela tsa Kuznetsk, Aktobe le Klyuchevsky ferroalloy li ile tsa hahoa 'me tsa hahoa. Lilemong tsa ntoa ka mor'a ntoa, Serov Plant (1956), Stakhanovsky Ukraine (1962), Nikopolsky (Ukraine, 1966), Ermakovsky e Kazakhstan (1968) li ile tsa qala ho sebetsa. Bokhoni bo kenyelletsoeng bo khotsofetse ka botlalo litlhoko tsa 'maraka oa malapeng' me ba lumelloa ho kena 'marakeng oa kantle ho naha ka tlhōlisano. Tlhahiso eohle ea li- ferroalloys nakong ea ho oa ha USSR e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 6 ka selemo. Russia kajeno, ho na le limela tse leshome tse ikhethang ka ho hlahisa li-ferroalloys. E kholo ka ho fetisisa ho eona ke Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combine.

Aksu o lema ka Kazakhstan

Sebaka sa Aksu Ferroalloy se sebakeng sa Pavlodar sa Kazakhstan. Pele ho 1995 e bitsoa Ermakovsky Ferroalloy Plant, letsatsi la ho laela e ne e le la 1966. Ka 1995, khamphani e ile ea rekisetsoa khampani ea Japane Jap Chrom Corp., selemong sona seo e ile ea fetoha karolo ea mokhatlo "Kazchrome." Kakaretso ea selemo le selemo e hlahisa lithane tse limilione tse lihlahisoa. Hona joale khoebo ke e mong oa baeta-pele ba tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea alloys. Matla a matla a sebelisoang ke megawatane a 600. Sehlahisoa se seholohali ke chromium, manganese, alliys silicaous.

Matla a ho hlahisa:

• Mabenkele a mane a ho tsuba.
• Likhomo tsa motlakase tse mashome a mabeli a metso e tšeletseng tse nang le matla a ho tloha ho 16,5 ho ea ho 63 MVA
• Lithupelo tse peli tsa ho lokisetsa.
• Slag ea ho sebetsa sehlahisoa.
• Mabenkele a ho lokisa mechine.
• Mabenkele a likoloi le terene.

Palo eohle ea basebetsi ba khampani ke batho ba 6000.

Khoebo ea Novokuznetsk

Ka 1942 o ile a qala ho hlahisa li-ferroalloys Novokuznetsk. Ka 1992, khampani e fetotse mofuta oa mmuso, e ba khamphani e kopanetsoeng. Phetoho ea pele ea botho e etsahetse ka 2000, khamphani ea tsamaiso e ne e le sehlopha sa MDM. Ho tloha ka 2010, semela sena se laoloa ke Ural-Siberian Metallurgical Company.

Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong li etselitsoe ho silafatsa, ho kopanya tšepe le ferrosilicon. Bakeng sa indasteri ea boenjiniere, ho sebelisoa liphetoho, tse sebelisetsoang ho tsuba tšepe ea tšepe. Mofuta o mocha oa tlhahiso e ne e le microsilica, e neng e sebelisetsoa ho etsa tšepe le tundish, e kenyelletsong ea ho etsa tšepe.

Semela sa Klyuchevsky

Semela sa Klyuchevsky Ferroalloy se thehiloe motheong oa semela se nang le chrome-enrichment ka 1941. Kajeno ke eona feela khoebo sebakeng sa post-Soviet se hlahisang mefuta e fetang 30 ea li-ferroalloys le ligatures. Ke karolo ea k'hamphani "MidUral Group".

Letoto la lihlahisoa li kenyelletsa:

• Silicocalcium le li-additives tsa vanadium, zirconium, titanium, aluminium.
• Silicvanadium, ferroniobium, silicocalcium, ferrotitanium.
• Fetola ferrosilicotsirconium le dikahare tsa magnesium.
• Li-ligatures - tse thehiloeng ho niobium le nickel tse nang le metsoako e sa tloaelehang ea lefatše.
• Slag, joalo-joalo.

Lihlahisoa tse hlahisitsoeng li sebelisoa ka ho silafatsa lintho, ho kopanya, ho fokotsa tšepe le lihlahisoa tsa eona, hape le ho fetola tšepe ea tšepe.

Nikopol Ferroalloys

Karolo ea pele ea semela e ile ea qala ka 1966. Ho tloha ka 1968, khampani e ne e nkoa e le e kholo ka ho fetisisa Europe. Katleho e kholo ka ho fetisisa le tšebeliso e feletseng ea Kokopol Ferroalloy Plant e fihlile ka 1985-1990. Ka mor'a moo, tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa e ile ea qala ho theoha. Ho fihlela joale, semela ke moeta-pele oa indasteri ea tsebahalang Ukraine. Mabapi le boemo bo thata ba moruo bo haufi le ho koaloa.

Mesebetsi:

• Manganese ea li-ferrosilicate.
• Ferromanganese.
• Electrode ea boima.
• Liphello.
• Slag, abrasives, ruba.
• Tlhahiso e kopantsoeng.

Factory Bratsk

Semela sa ferroalloy ea mor'abo rōna e sebakeng sa Irkutsk ebile ke mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa ferrosilicon sebakeng sa Bochabela sa Siberia. Semela se thehiloe motheong oa mabenkeleng a Bratsk Aluminum Smelter. Tlhoko ea khoebo e ne e e-na le tlhokahalo ea 'maraka oa ka hare ho li-semiconductors, libethe tsa letsatsi, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike. Sehlahisoa se seholo sa khoebo ke ferrosilicon e nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa silicon - ho fihlela ho 75%. Taba ena e ile ea thehoa ka 1998. E le ho fana ka lisebelisoa tsa eona tse tala, BFZ e hlahisa deposit ea Uvat ea oli ea quartzite. Mochine oa lihlahisoa o fumana motlakase ho tsoa Bratsk HPP e haufi , e leng ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa, tse fetang karolo ea boraro ea tsona li rekisoang har'a likhoebo tsa Mechel ea khampani.

Semela sa Serov

Li-ferroalloys tsa Serov li 'nile tsa hlahisoa ka lilemo tse fetang 50. Semela ke ea bobeli ka ho fetisisa ka ho hlahisa Russia. Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong ke ferrochrome (e phahameng-carbon, medium-carbon, low-carbon, ferrosilicochromes). Karolo ea pele ea semela e ile ea qala ka 1961. Kajeno ke karolo ea khampani "ЧМЭК".

Semela sa ferroalloy se sebakeng sa Sverdlovsk (motse oa Serov), mokoloko oa tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo o na le lithane tse ka bang likete tse 200 tsa lihlahisoa tse phethiloeng. Khoebo e hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea li-ligature tse thehiloeng ho low carbon-ferrochrome, e fumanoang ka ho kopanya melts. Ho arabela litlhoko tsa 'maraka oa metallurgisi ea malapeng, mosebetsi ona o ne o tseba ho lokolloa ha ferrosilicon. Lihlahisoa tsena li fanoa marakeng a mangata a linaheng tse ling le likhoebong tsa malapeng.

Plant Aktyubinsk

Semela se motseng oa Aktobe (Kazakhstan). Tone ea pele ea li-ferroalloys e ile ea hlahisoa mohoebong ka 1943. Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong ke ferroalumine, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, ferrozinc, methapo e sa tsitsang le li-alloys tsa tsona, li-alloys bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase.

Semela sa Ferroalloys ea Aktyubinsk se hlahisa lithane tse fetang tse likete tse 300 tsa lihlahisoa ka selemo. Ho phaella moo, kgwebo e hlahisa e lebisa tlhokomelo bakeng sa indasteri ea metallurgic (ilmentinovy, zirconium, rutile). Semela ke e mong oa baeta-pele ba lefatše lefapheng lena. Khampani ea tsamaiso ke TNK Kazchrome.

Limela tsa li-ferroalloys tsa Russia le CIS

Lik'hamphani tsa Russia:

• Alapaevsky metallurgical semela, lihlahisoa - ferromanganese.
• Kosogorsky MTZ a Tula, lihlahisoa - tšepe ea tšepe, ferromanganese.
• Semela sa Serov, lihlahisoa - ferrochromium.
• Bratsk dimela, lihlahisoa tse kholo - ferrosilicon.
• Semela sa Ryazan, lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong - ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium, ferrovolphram, khoebo e etsa li-ligatures tsa tse ling tse sa tloaelehang.
• Tikhvinsky dimela, tlhahiso - ferrochrome.
• Kuznetsk ferroalloy semela (ferrosilicon).
• Semela sa Kliuchevsky se hlahisa mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea alloys - ferroboron, ferronobium, ferrotitanium, joalo-joalo.
• Chelyabinsk IEC ke moeta-pele oa indasteri. Lahla tlhahiso - ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrosilicochrome, silicocalcium, joalo-joalo.
• Semela ea Kingisepp (ferromanganese, silicomanganese).

Lik'hamphani tsa Ukraine:

• Semela ea Li-Ferroalloys ea Zaporizhia e hlahisa ferrosilicon, tšepe ea manganese, ferrosilicomanganese, joalo-joalo.
• Nikopol dimela, lihlahisoa - ferrosilicomanganese, ferromanganese, joalo-joalo.
• Stakhanovsky semela se Lugansk sebakeng seo, mefuta ea lihlahisoa - ferrosilicomanganese, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese.
• Donetsk Ferroalloy Plant, lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong - ferroaluminum.

Ho tloha mathoasong a 2017, likhoebo tsa Ukraine li ile tsa khaotsa mesebetsi ea tsona ka lebaka la ntoa ea lehae le mathata a tebileng a moruo naheng.

Lik'hamphani tsa Kazakhstan:

• Semela sa Aktyubinsk, lihlahisoa tse entsoeng li thehiloe ka chromium, manganese, li-allice tse siliceous.
• Aksu semela se hlahisa ferromanganese, ferrochromium, joalo-joalo.

Baetsi ba Georgia:

• Zestafon limela, li hlahisa mefuta ea ferroalloys - ferromanganese.