Eo makala a ba arotsoe Maslav lichaba? Ea boholo-holo le ea kajeno batho Maslav

Slavs kajeno - e ke kholo ka ho fetisisa setjhabneg ethno-puo Europe. Ba lule ho libakeng tse khōlō 'me e na le ba ka bang limilione 300-350 batho. A sehloohong sena a re tla sheba batho seo makala a ba arotsoe Maslav, a re ke re bua mabapi le histori ea sebopeho ea bona le karohano. E boetse e le ho thetsana hanyane ka sethaleng hona joale ea ho phatlalatsoa ha Maslav setso le litumelo tsa bolumeli, e leng se tšoarelletse meloko e ka mokhoa oa ho ntshetsopeleng lona le sebopeho.

Likhopolo se hlahang ho yona

Ho ekelletsa moo a sehloohong sena a re tla sheba hore na makala a ba aroloa lichabeng + Maslav. Empa hona joale ke ho utloisisa hore, ho tloha moo sehlopha sena merabe.

Ho joalo, ho latela chroniclers mehleng e bohareng, lichaba tsa rona di theohileng ho moholo-holo a tloaelehileng. Ba ne ba Jafeta, mora oa Noe. palo ena e, ho ea ka litaba le, a fana ka bophelo ho meloko kang Bamede, ba Sarmatians, le Baskitha, Thracians, Illyrians, Slavs, British le lichaba tse ling tsa Europe.

Maarabia o ne a tseba Slavs, e le karolo ea mokhatlo oa lichaba tsa bophirimela, e neng e akarelletsa Maturkey, Ugric le Slavs ka Bochabela Europe. direkoto tsa bona sesole, bo-rahistori ba amahanya conglomerate ena le lentsoe "Sakaliba". Hamorao ba ile ba ba ile ba bitsoa ho tloha koenehileng Byzantium lebotho la ba ileng ba Boislamo.

Bagerike ba boholo-holo le Baroma bitsoa Slavs "sklaviny" le amana le tsona ho e mong oa meloko e Scythian - Scoloti. Ka linako tse ling hula hammoho ethnonyms Wends le Slavs.

Ka tsela eo makala a mararo a lichaba a Maslav, potoloho ea eona e bontšitsoeng tlaase mona, ho ba le moholo-holo a. Empa hamorao ntshetsopeleng bona diverged haholo ka lebaka la ho tšimo e khōlō ea ho fedisa le tšusumetso ea litso le litumelo tsa boahelani.

Sena ke seo re tla bua ka ho eketsehileng.

History of fedisa

Hamorao re tla sebetsana ka thoko bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng tsa meloko, empa hona joale o lokela ho utloisisa hore lekaleng efe kapa efe ea lichaba Maslav ba arotsoe 'me kamoo tshebetso phalliso.
Ho joalo, ka lekhetlo la pele mabapi le melokong ena e builoeng ke Tacitus le Pliny e Moholo. Tsena-rahistori ba Roma e direkoto tsa bona o ile a bua Wends ba leo ho ahiloeng ho masimong la Baltic. Ho ea ka nako ea bophelo ba phahameng sechabeng, ea Slavs se le teng lekholong la AD bobeli.

Latelang, ea ileng a ile a bua ka meloko tsena tšoanang ne Prokopiy Kesariysky , le Priscus, mongoli oa Byzantium le setsebi sa. Empa tlhahisoleseding ho fetisisa e feletseng, e amana doletopisnomu nako di a fumaneha ho tloha Rahistori Gothic Jordane.

O tlaleha hore Sklave - ikemetseng moloko, e leng ne a eme ka ntle ho tloha Veneto. Ka masimo a ka leboea ho Vistula River (Wisla ea kajeno) a bua ka "batho ba bangata Veneti", tse arotswe Antes le sklavenov. Pele ba ne ba lula hammoho e Euxine Pontase (Black Sea) ho tswa Danastra (Dniester) ho Danapra (Dnipro). Sklave e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke (motse Iskach ka Danube) Noviodunum ho Danastra le Vistula ka leboea.

Kahoo, ka la botšelela lekholong la lilemo la AD, baholo-holo ba ka Slavs - Sklave se tsoela pele ho phela linaheng tsa Vistula le Dniester ho Danube. Hamorao chroniclers tse fapa-fapaneng tla bolele sebakeng se tse ling tse ngata le pharaletseng la ho fedisa melokong tsena. E akaretsa fatše Bohareng le Europe Bochabela.

Joang arola makala a mararo a lichaba Maslav? Sekemeng, eo re neng re e qotsitsoeng ka holimo, e bontša hore mokhatlo oo e ne e le ho ea ka leboea, ka boroa le bochabela.

Qalong, malapa a ile a fallela ka tataiso ea Black le Baltic Maoatle. Feela nako ena 'me o ile a hlalosa ka rahistori Gothic Jordane. Haufi le linaha tsena hlasela ke Avars le arola meloko sebakeng se nang balekane arolang.

Ka lilemo tse makholo a mabeli (ho tloha ho la botšelela ho borobeli) ba ahileng mosiko bochabela ea Alps le oela ho ikokobelletsa moemphera Justinian II. Re tseba sena ka lebaka la litšupiso ka litaba, e leng e bua ka phutuho tsa masole Byzantium ho Maarabia. E le karolo ea lebotho le hlalositsweng sklaviny.

Lekholong la borobeli, melokong ena e finyella Balkan Hloahloeng ka boroa le e ka leboea ea Lake Ladoga.

South Slavs

Ka bophirimela le ka boroa Slavs, ha re ntse re bona, ho ile ha thehoa ka linako tse fapaneng. Qalong ea le conglomerate melokong arohane Antes, ea ileng a ka bochabela, ka tataiso ea Leoatle le Letšo le Dnieper. Feela lekholong la borobeli la, sechaba sena se o ile a qala ho lula le Balkan Hloahloeng.

tshebetso e tjena. Ba bang ba Bochabela le Bophirimela Maslav meloko fallela ho ea batla naha e molemo ka ho fetisisa karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ikutloeleng Leoatleng la Adriatic.

Bo-rahistori ba khetholla lihlopha tse latelang ka ho falla hona: Obodrits (ka matsatsi European tsejoa e le predenitsenty) Severtsev (buisana le northerners le), Serbs, Croats le ba bang. Ha e le hantle, ke meloko e neng e lula haufi le tsela ea Danube Nōka.

Kahoo, ea boholo-holo Maslav batho ba fetohile ea matla ho mo qobella hore assimilated sehlopha se senyenyane sa baahi ba moo, 'me hamorao Linaheng Tsa Balkan le Leoatleng la Adriatic ho theha puso e.

Empa mokhatlo oa karolong e ka boroa-bophirimela ho na le e ne e le e mong oa nako e boiketo. pelehi tse fapa-fapaneng ba ile ba fallela ho tloha lebelo lona le se haholo ka tsela e tšoanang. Kahoo, bafuputsi ba ka hlaloswang lihlopha tse tharo, e leng ile ha thehoa ka nako ya li falla leboea-bophirimela (ho tloha ho nakong e tlang entseng Slovenes), bochabela (the Bulgarians morao-rao le Macedonia) le ka bophirimela (Croats le Serbs).

le lichaba tse bophirimela

Baholo-holo le tloaelehileng la batho le Maslav, eo esita le Baroma ba ne ba tseba kamoo wends qalong leo ho ahiloeng ho linaha tsa Poland morao-rao le karolo e 'ngoe ea Jeremane. Hamorao tšimong ena e thehoa sehlopha se seholo sa meloko.

E ne e akarelletsa naha ho tloha Elbe ho Oder le ho tswa Baltic ho Tšepe e Lithabeng. Bafuputsi ba abelana conglomeration ena ka lihlopha tse tharo ho ea ka sebakeng sa bona sa bolulo.

meloko e ka leboea-bophirimela li ne li bitsoa bodrichi (reregi le Obodrits), South - Sorbs (Ho boetse ho akarelletsa le karolo ea Serbia) le sehlopha se bohareng - lutici (kapa Veleta). Tse tharo ho builoeng lichaba ne qalong sesole le meloko lilekane. Ka linako tse ling ka thoko re'ng ka baahi bone. litho tsa oona li ipitsa Pomerania 'me a lula lebōpong la Baltic.

Butle-butle, ka lebaka la ho falla ha Polabian Slavs linaheng tšoarehe ka letho thehoa Poland, Silesian, Czech, le melokong pomoryanskie lehitskie.

Kahoo, e ka bophirimela le e ka boroa Slavs fapana ka hore ba pele ba ne ba qalong matsoalloa libakeng tsena, 'me ea bobeli e ne e tsoa ho Danube ho lebōpo la leoatle la Adriatic.

bochabela Slavs

Ho ea ka litaba European ka bophirimela, mosebetsi oa Rahistori oa 'Muso oa Roma le mesebetsi Byzantium, tšimong ea Bochabela Slavs kamehla correlated le litloaelano meloko Antes.

Ha re ntse re tseba ho tloha ka bopaki ba rahistori oa Gothic Jordane, ba ile ba lula ka bochabela naha ea Carpathian Mountains. Le Byzantines re phalliso sebakeng fihla mabōpong a Dnieper.

se fumaneng ba lintho tse epolotsoeng tse lumellanang le maikutlo a bona. Ho tswa ho ea bobeli ho ea bone lekholong la lilemo la AD pakeng tsa Dnieper le Dniester ho na le seo ho thoeng ke Chernyakhovskaya setso.

Hamorao ho ile ha nkeloa sebaka ke Penkovskaya setjhabneg ba lintho tse epolotsoeng. Pakeng tsa litso tsena ho na le lekhalo le ka makholo a lilemo e 'meli, empa e lumeloa hore lekhalo le joalo a etsa hore ke assimilation ba bang ba meloko le ba bang.

Kahoo, ka tšimoloho ea lichaba Maslav e ne e le lebaka la ho sebopeho tšeptjoang baahi e khōloanyane ea 'maloa tsa litloaelano tse nyenyane meloko. Hamorao chroniclers tsa Kievan RUS tla fana ka mabitso a lihlopha tsena: setsiketsi drevlyans, Dregovichi, vyatichi le merabe e meng.

Ho ea ka litaba tsa khale Russia, ka lebaka la lihlopha tsa ha e kopana le leshome le metso e mehlano e ka bochabela Maslav bōptjoa ka 'ona e le a matla matla a boholo-holo e le Kiev Russ.

Boemo jwale

Ho joalo, re tla tšohla le uena seo makala a arotsoe lichabeng + Maslav. Ho phaella moo, re ka bua ka hore na ho ne ho le mothating oa ho fedisa ea meloko ho ea ka boroa le bochabela.

Ea kajeno batho Maslav a batlang a fapane hanyenyane ho tloha baholo-holo ba bona ka ho toba. Ba kopana setso litšusumetso tsa bona e hatisetsa ka lihlopha tsa boahelani tsa merabe, 'me ba bangata bafutuhi ka bojaki.

Ka mohlala, ba bangata ba libakeng tsa Federation ea Russia 'me ka bophirimela ea Ukraine, hang e le karolo ea Kievan RUS, ka makholo a lilemo tse seng kae li ne li tlasa Mongol-Tatar joko. Ka hona, ka maleme a mangata kenyeletsa alima ho tswa lipuo Turkic. Hape ba bang ba mekhabiso e setso le meetlo lebenkeleng hatisetsa bahatelli setso.

South Slavs haholo ba susumelitsoe ke Bagerike le Maturkey. Ka lebaka leo, qetellong ea sehlooho se reng, re tla tlameha ho bua ka litaba tsa bolumeli. Eo pele e neng meloko ea bohetene kajeno ke litho tsa malumeli a fapaneng ba malumeli a sa Abrahama.

Ka ho feletseng hore seo makala a ba aroloa bathong Maslav, litloholo ba ke ke ba tseba, empa e le busa, e mong le e bonolo ho hlokomela ba hae "countryman-'moho le rōna". South Slavs tloaelo tanned le puo ea ba e qhomela ka phonemes itseng tse ikhethang oa ho sebaka sena. Boemo bo tšoanang e le litloholo tsa ka bophirimela le e ka bochabela litloaelano meloko.

Ho joalo, ke life kajeno naha ea e-ba lehae la ho makala tse sa tšoaneng tsa Maslav lichaba?

Puso ea South Slavs

Ea kajeno batho Maslav ba lula likarolong tse kholo tsa Bochabela le Europe Bohareng. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a sa globalization baemeli ba bona ba ka fumanoa hoo e batlang e kae kapa kae lefatšeng. Le tšobotsi ea monahano oa rōna o joalo hore ka mor'a nako e khutšoanyane baahelani ba qala ho utloisisa ka lipuo Maslav. Slavs ba kamehla ba ne ba batla ho kenyelletsa basele setso sa bona, le ho honyenyane ba ikhopolang ho fana ka tshebetso ya ho assimilation.

Ho ea kajeno Southern Slavs kenyeletsa Slovenians le Montenegrins, Macedonia le Bulgarians, Croats, Bosnians le Serbs. Boholo ba batho bana ba phela naheng ea re bona naha, tse akarelletsang Bulgaria, Bosnia le Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia le Croatia.

Hore ka sebele e leng naha ea Balkan Hloahloeng le karolong e ka leboea-bochabela ea Adriatic lebōpong le.

South Maslav le lichaba tse kajeno ba ka ho eketsehileng tloha khopolo ea kopanelo ea batho bana, ba kena lelapa le lecha ea European Union. Leha ho le joalo, lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa tse fetileng ho na le e ne e le ha a leka ho bōpa e naheng tloaelehile hore batho ba nang le baahi bopilweng feela ya Afrika Slavs, empa o ile a hlōleha. Ka nako e 'ngoe e ne e bitsoa boemo ba Yugoslavia.

Ntle ho re ea sechaba litho tsa lekala ena ea lichaba Maslav, ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa semmuso, le e ngata ea bophelo ba ka Italy, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Albania, Greece le Moldova.

Naheng Slavs bophirimela

Kaha ethnogeny lichaba Maslav hangata ileng sa etsahala qalong ka naheng ea Poland morao-rao le Jeremane, baemedi ba meloko e ka Bophirimela e hoo e ka bang ha tlosoa malapeng a bona.

Kajeno bana ba bona ba lula Poland, Jeremane, Czech Republic le Slovakia. Ka tloaelo, ethnologists na le batho ba bahlano, bao e leng ba ea lekala West Maslav. Lipalo, Czechs, Slovaks, le Sorbs Kashubes.

Pele lihlopha tse tharo tsa merabe phela haholo-holo linaheng tse nang le mabitso a ngollana, le tsa ho qetela tse peli - ka libakeng tse ling. Sorbs, tse akarelletsang ho feta Wendy lugii le sorbitol, ahileng puddle. sebaka sena e arotsoe likarolo tse ka holimo ka tlaase le e, tse teng Saxony le Brandenburg, ka ho latellana.

Kashubes boela a phele ka naha e tsejoang e le Kashubia. Ke karolo ea ea kajeno Republic Poland batho. Motse-moholo e seng semmuso tsa sechaba sena e le motse oa Kartuzy. Hape, baemeli ba bangata ba sechaba sena bo fumanoa Gdynia.

Kashubia inke ba morabe, empa hlokomela boahi Poland. Har'a lona, ba ile ba ba aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'maloa, ho itšetlehile ka ba lula hokae, litšobotsi tsa moaparo naha, mesebetsi le ho se tšoane ka tlelaseng. Ho joalo, ba bang ba bona ke zaboryaki, parchanskaya Gentry, gbury, Phapohelo a Baeti, gohi le lihlopha tse ling.

Kahoo, re ka bua ka ho nepisisa hore ka boholo ba batho ba ka bophirimela Maslav kamoo ho ka khonehang meetlo bolokoa. Ba bang ba bona esita le ntse kopanela mesebetsi ea matsoho tsa moetlo le trades Leha ho le joalo, ho feta ho khahloa mohahlauli.

matla bochabela Maslav

Tšimo ea kajeno ea Slavs e ka bochabela e bolela linaheng tse kang Russia, Ukraine le Belarus. Kajeno, linaheng tsena ka boleloa hore ba ka le mateano a litsela nakong. Pele a lichaba a bona ba tobane le khetho: ho sala ba itlamme ho litsela e tloaelehileng ea bophelo, kapa ee tsela ea banab'abo ka boroa, ho nka melao ea boitšoaro ea Bophirimela.

Puso hang matla - Kievan RUS qetellong ba fetoloa linaha tse tharo. Ho ile ha thehoa ho pota Moscow Moscow 'muso,' me ka mor'a hore Russia Muso. Kyiv kopane potoloha naha ea meloko e ngata ho tloha Carpathians le Don. Le Belarus e thehoa meru ea Polesie. E Thehiloe ho lebitso la sebaka seo, karolo e khōlō ea naha e leo ho ahiloeng ho ke litloholo tsa Polischuks le Pinchuk.

Bolumeli ba makala a fapaneng ya Slavs

Russian Federation, Ukraine le Belarus - sebakeng seo morao-rao tsa Slavs bochabela. Mona ho fetisisa ea baahi ba naha ya Bakreste ba Orthodox.

Ha e le hantle, ho tloha se khethehileng se tsoang bohetene hlahile lekholong la leshome, ha Kiev Prince Vladimir Veliky o ile a kolobetsoa RUS. Empa ka 1054 ho na le e ne e le schism e khōlō ka ho Bokreste, ha ho ne ho ka thoko Orthodox 'me tumelo ea K'hatholike. Bochabela le melokong boroa-ka bochabela a lula a tšepahala ho Mopatriareka oa Constantinople, 'me ka bophirimela le boroa-bophirimela o ile a batšehetsi ba Roma e K'hatholike.

Ka ntlha e itseng ea histori, batho ba bang lihlopha tsa Afrika Slavs ho Boislamo. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore linaheng tse ea bona e ne tlas'a joko ea 'Muso oa Ottoman. Bakeng sa-'moho le Maturkey entse e ngata thuse. Kajeno Mamosleme ke gorane, Bosniaks, Pomaks, le qubu Torbeshi.

Kahoo, ka pampiri ena re ithutile ethnogenesis ea lichaba Maslav, 'me hape o ile a bua ka karohano bona ka makala a mararo. Ho phaella moo, ho utloisisa seo dinaheng morao-rao ho matleng a le sebaka seo ho lula ea ka boroa, ka bochabela le ka bophirimela meloko.