Eng se bontšang hore sete ya libaka phahameng-bophahamong? Phahameng-bophahamong lebanta la Caucasus

Sebōpeho sa libaka altitudinal tsa Caucasus - the akaretsang ho fetisisa ha ho bapisoa le ke lithaba tse ling tse Serussia. Ho ea ka litsebi tsa UNESCO World Heritage, sebakeng e tšoauoa ka sa mefuta-futa e ikhethang ea jioloji, lintho tse phelang tikolohong le mefuta e, ho na le lipampitšana e pharaletseng ea meru sa khathatseha lithaba buka e ikhethang ka tekanyo European. Nahana ka mohlala oa moholo oona tsamaisong Thaba e rerang sete ya libaka phahameng-phahama. A re boneng hore na batho ba sebelisa maemo a tlhaho le mehlodi ya mong le e mong ka libaka le paatsepama.

mabanta Altitudinal lithabeng

Lathe bopa dikgaolo - kapa libaka tse phahameng-bophahamong - paterone ke hahlaula, e bontša ka boeona e ka fetola baahi dimela ho tswa mosiko tlhōrōng. Fapaneng ho tloha equator ea alternation ea libakeng tsa tlhaho lithoteng tsa, e leng e etsa hore ke ea fokotseha ka palo ya mahlaseli a letsatsi ho tswa ho equator ho lipalo. A sete e feletseng ea libaka tse phahameng-bophahamong e fanoa ka lithaba tse phahameng, tse teng ka libaka le equator 'me e chesang e mongobo. Re thathamisa khoneha paatsepama libaka tsohle tsa tlhaho (ho tloha ka maoto ho ea holimo):

1. Metsi tikolohong ea equator moru (ho fihlela ho ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1200).
2. meru Mountain.
3. meru phahameng lithaba (3000 limithara).
4. Undersized, lifate tse sothehileng, lihlahla (ho fihlela ho 3800 limithara).
5. Alpine Meadows (4500 limithara).
6. Rocky wasteland, nyopa majoe.
7. Snow, thaba glaciers.

Eng se bontšang hore sete ya libaka phahameng-bophahamong?

Boteng bophahamong ka libaka e hlalosa ka ho theola mocheso, khatello, le mongobo ka ho eketseha ha bophahamo. Air ka phahama ka 1 km le e folisoa ke karolelano ea 6 ° C. Bakeng sa mong le e mong o m 12 le phahameng na sepakapakeng khatello e fokotseha ea 1 limilimithara Hg.

Lithabeng, tse teng ka sebaka se fapaneng ho tloha equator, ho bopa dikgaolo paatsepama fapane haholo. Ka e tšoanang bolokolohi e le ka linako tse ling ho na le tsamaiso ea fapaneng tsa tlhaho.

Re thathamisa, e rerang sete ya libaka phahameng-bophahamong, seo maemo a ama sebopeho bona:

• Boemo libaka tsa lithaba. The haufi le equator, e khōlō le libaka paatsepama.
• Mabalane Hangata phathahane le setjhaba tsa tlhaho, tseo laola thoteng potolohileng.
• Bophahamo ba thaba. Ho feta ba e phahameng, e ruileng sete ya mabanta. The pejana ho tloha latitudes e mofuthu le lithaba tlaase, ka libaka tse tlaase (sa Leboea Urals ho na le 1-2 feela).
• The planar tsa maoatle le maoatleng, e leng e thehiloe holim 'a moea mofuthu le mongobo.
• Phello ea moea boima batang kapa mofuthu omileng tsoa k'honthinenteng ena.

phetoho Lathe ea libakeng tse sa tlhaho ka lithabeng tsa ka Bophirimela Caucasus

Ho na le e phahameng-bophahamong lebanta la Caucasus, e amanang le mefuta e 'meli ea ho bopa dikgaolo paatsepama: kontinenteng le mabopong (mathokong). ea bobeli e emeloang lithabeng tsa Bophirimela Caucasus, nang tšusumetso ea Atlantic, mongobo ea likepe e name moea.

Re thathamisa ka sehloohong phahameng-bophahamong lebanta ho tswa mosiko ho litlhōrō ka:

1. Meadow steppe interruptible clumps eike, hornbeam, molora (100 limithara).

2. Forest Zone.

• Broadleaf montane moru (ho fihlela ho 600 limithara). lifate ka linako tse ling phaene (phaene, li fumanoa libaka ena Caucasian kalse mohbat). Libakeng tse ling li tšoana le mongobo tropike lulang se le setala undergrowth eo lifate tsa morara hōla, boxwood, japanese yew, Laurel.
• Lebanta meru e tsoakiloeng (ka holimo 1200 limithara).
• Lefifi phaene moru limela.

3. subalpine khopameng le molelele makhulong (bophahamong 2000 limithara).

4. tlaase joang bo Alpine makhulo, litloloko ruileng, lijo-thollo le sekhele limela.

5. nival libaka (ka ba bolelele ba 2800-3200 limithara).

Nivalis Latin lentsoe le fetoletsoeng e le "pholileng." Ka libaka ena, empa a se nang letho lefika, lehloa le leqhoa, ho na le Alpine limela: buttercups primrose, go bananas le ba bang.

Phahameng-bophahamong libaka tsa Bochabela Caucasus

Ka bochabela, ho na le tse ling tse 'maloa e phahameng-bophahamong lebanta la Caucasus, e leng hangata ho thoeng kontinenteng kapa Dagestan mofuta paatsepama bopa dikgaolo. Ka mosiko oa seka-tloaelehileng, tse nkeloa sebaka ke masabasabeng ommeng le e predominance ea joang le sagebrush. Ka holimo ke mefero ea lihlahla xerophytic, seoelo moru limela. Next Alpine oa libaka tsa tlhaho tse emetsoeng lithaba lefeelleng la, grassland breakable. Ka matsoapo a karolong e ka fumana ea moea le mongobo oa Atlantic, ho na le meru ea lifate tse sephara-leaved (eike, hornbeam le beech). The Bochabela Caucasus lebanta moru e nkeloa sebaka ke subalpine le Alpine makhulo le predominance ea limela xerophytic ka e bophahamong ba ka bang 2800 limithara (ka Alps moeli oa libaka ena e teng ka e bophahamong ba 2200 limithara). Nival libaka fetela le bophahamo ba 3600-4000 m.

Bapisa ka libaka altitudinal tsa Bochabela le Bophirimela Caucasus

Number bophahamong libaka East Caucasus ka tlase ho West, ka lebaka la tšusumetso ka sebopeho sa libakeng tse sa tlhaho ka lithabeng tsa matšoele moea, sebopeho, le lintho tse ling. Ka mohlala, mofuthu le mongobo Atlantic moea hoo e ka bang ha e phunyeletse ho ea ka bochabela, ho e lule e le orilla ka sehloohong. Ka nako e tšoanang ha ho fumana batang moea mocheso karolong e ka bophirimela ea Caucasus.

Phapang e khōlō ea phahameng-phahama dibopeho tsa Bochabela Caucasus libaka tloha West:

• ho ba teng ha seka-ea lehoatata ka mosiko ea;
• tlaase lebanta omileng steppe;
• moqotetsane libaka moru;
• moferong xerophytic tsa lihlahla ka moeli e ka tlaase ea lebanta moru;
• ha ho na phaene libaka moru
• Steppe ka mahareng le tse phahameng lithaba karolo;
• katoloso ea libaka lithaba-Meadow;
• e phahameng sebakeng lehloa le khetheha le glaciers.
• moru limela feela liphula le;
• hoo e ka bang mohla etsahala mefuta sefate phaene.

mosebetsi ya moruo ea baahi

Sebopeho sa libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa Caucasus e loketseng ho liphetoho entsprechen klimate ka hare ho tsamaiso ea lithaba ho tloha botlaaseng ho holimo le ho tloha bophirimela ho ka bochabela. Ho tseba hantle hore na ho itšetlehile ka sete ya libaka phahameng-bophahamong, re lokela ho hlokomela hore sebakeng se nang le e phahameng baahi segokanyipalo, haholo-holo ka Black Sea lebōpong le. E nonneng steppe lithoteng Ciscaucasia hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng lengoa le lula lijalo tsa lijo-thollo le lijalo melon, lirapa tsa lifate, lirapa tsa morara. Ntshetswa pele temo tropike, ho akarelletsa le sa ho lema tee, litholoana dilamunu, liperekisi le walnuts. Mountain linōka na le pokello e khōlō ea matla a metsi, sebediswa bakeng sa nosetso ea libakeng tse sa tebang. Steppe, seka-mahoatateng le makhulo ba makhulo. Ka meepo le meru lebanta etsoa kotulo.

All lebanta phahameng-phahama ka Caucasus Mountains na le menyetla e mangata a ho bohahlauli. Tsamaiso ea mekoloko mahareng le tse phahameng lithaba koahetsoeng ka meru, glaciers le lehloa, hohela Fans ea ski le Snowboarding. Litsela akarelletsa majoe kolongaka, tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa matsoapo a linōka tse lithaba. Moea o hloekileng ke meru e tsoakiloeng, naha bohehang, lebōpong le ka leoatle - ba ka sehloohong boithabiso maruo a Caucasus.