E khanyang principality tsa Theodoro Crimea le fela bohloko

More lilemo tse makholo a mahlano pele Kolobetso ea RUS toropong Doris, teng ka ka boroa (lithaba) e le karolo ea ho Crimean Hloahloeng, e ne e le setsi sa Bokreste ka se seholo se Black Sea sebaka sena. Hamorao mo potolohileng ke bōpile e ikhethang ea principality lona mofuta Theodoro, e ile ea e-sekhechana ho qetela tsa 'Muso hang ba matla Byzantium,' me motse oa boholo-holo oa Mokreste, a fetola lebitso la hae hore ba Mangup e leng motse-moholo oa eona.

Ponahalo ea ka boroa-bophirimela la puso e ncha ea Crimea

New principality ho ile ha thehoa ka lebaka la karohano ea kolone pele e neng e Byzantium, teng ka Crimea le laoloa ke e nyenyane boemo Segerike bitsoa Trebizond. Ke tšimoloho ea lekholong la lilemo la XIII Constantinople haholo lahlehileng matla lona sesole ho feta ba ile ba potlakela ho nka sebelisa monyetla oa ho motho e mong Genoese ntle meharo ba tšoara karolo leboea-bophirimela ea hloahloeng. Ka nako e tšoanang sebakeng sa laoloe ke Genoa, theha puso e ikemetseng, e eteletsoeng pele ke 'musisi oa mehleng oa Trabzon le ile reha principality Theodoro.

Crimea The sephiri patetsoe re lebitso la hae, empa rea tseba hore monna enoa e le ea Feodorov leloko la borena la ka lilemo tse makholo a mabeli a liha kahlolo e motse-moholo 'me o ile a fa lebitso ho ea Principality e sa tsoa thehoa. Mothehi oa mofuta ona - Theodore Gavras, ea Byzantium aristocrat ba lesika Armenian, e ile ea fihla tlhōrōng ea matla a, ka mor'a hore ka mor'a lilemo tse ka tlaase ho mashome a mabeli e ka khona ho ba se nang balekane-handedly hlahisa masole a seng molaong le ho lokolla ho tloha Trabzon ho hapa ya Seljuk Maturkey, 'me joale ea e-ba' musi oa lona. Matla e ne e le lefa, ha ka lebaka la lekhotla bolotsana lesika ile sa sutumeletsa baphadisani atleha haholoanyane tsa mofuta ofe Comneni.

The heyday tsa kolone e kileng ea Byzantium

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, ha a le qalong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIII ka Crimea, sebakeng sa laoloe ke Genoese, ho thehoa e principality ikemetseng Theodoro, e ile ea rehelloa ka leloko la borena la ho busa teng. Hlahella ho tloha kgatello ya naheng 'mōpi oa lona' me le ka katleho bontšang liphutuho tsa bahlōli tse ngata, ho ile ea nka lilemo tse makholo a mabeli, e ile ea fetoha heyday ea Orthodox le nationhood ka lebōpong le ka boroa-bophirimela ho Crimean hloahloa.

tšimong ea Duchy otlolla pakeng tsa metse ea kajeno ea Balaclava le Alushta, 'me e e-ba motse-moholo oa Mangup qhobosheane ea boholo-holo eo e ile ea hahoa ka morao lilemong tsa bo-V. Ho fihlela joale, lithako tsa lona hohela bahahlauli ba likete ba e mong le e mohlape oa selemo ho Crimea. Ho lumeloa hore ho molemo ka ho fetisisa ea baahi linako principality fihla batho ba lekholo le mashome a mahlano tse sekete, e leng hoo e ka bang bohle ba ne ba Orthodox. Principality tsa Theodoro Crimea sale merabe e ne e haholo-holo tsa Bagerike, Magothe, Searmenia, Serussia le baemeli ba lichaba tse ling Orthodox. Ba buisana har'a bona haholo-holo ka Gothic Jeremane puo.

Karolo e phethoang ke baphaphathehi thabeng principality bophelo

Crimean principality Theodoro ne e le setšabelo bakeng sa Orthodox Bakreste ba bangata ba neng ba batla ho mo pholosa ho tswa ho ba tlil'o hlaseloa Mamosleme. Ka ho khetheha, ba a bona inflow bohlokoa ka mor'a nkhape tsa Seljuk Maturkey ka Byzantium Bochabela. The Orthodox baitlami Mangup - motse-moholo oa Theodora, le baitlami ba ile ba fallela ho tloha matlong a baitlami thabeng ea Kapadosia, ikhapela thepa le ho timetsoa ha lira.

Karolo ea bohlokoa ho sebopeho le ntshetsopele ya mmuso o ne a letsa Armenians, bao e neng e le baahi ba motse oa Ani, ba ile ba lula Theodoro, ka mor'a linaha tsa habo bona e ile ea haptjoa ke Seljuk Maturkey. Baemeli ba linaha tse ling tse ka boemo bo phahameng ba setso, baphaphathehi tsena di ntlafatsa ho principality lona boiphihlelo le makholo a lilemo li le tšimong ea khoebo le mesebetsi ea matsoho.

Le ba shebahalang ka eona, ho ile ha sibolloa liparish tse ngata tsa Kereke ea Armenia Orthodox ka feodoritskoy le karolong e Genoese tsa Crimea. Ha nako e ntse, e Armenians fetohile karolo e khōlō ea baahi ba Crimea, ho feta moo tsa paterone ena phehella esita le ka mor'a tlhōlo ea lona ke 'Muso oa Ottoman.

Ho hlaha ha moruo le setso feodorites

Pakeng tsa XIII le XV lekholong la lilemo la e atisa ho bitsoa khauta lilemo la puso ena. Ka lilemo tse makholo a mabeli le principality Theodoro khona ho hloa ho ea boemong ba phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tsebo ea ho haha, ho lumella bakeng sa e batlang nako e khutšoanyane ba 'nile ba etsoa mehlala hlollang tsa moruo, tsa tempele le qhobosheane mehaho. Haholo-holo ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea matsoho ea nang le tsebo, bopa keneha citadel, Theodoret khona ho nyahamisa ba hlasela lira tsa tse se nang palo.

Crimean Theodoro principality tummeng ka temo lona, haholo-holo viticulture le tlhahiso ea veine e romeloa hang ho feta mmuso. bafuputsi ba morao-rao epile ka karolo ena ea Crimea bontša hore hoo e ka bang metsana tsohle ba ne ba fumana polokelo ea veine 'me morara sehatelo sa veine. Ho phaella moo, feodorites ba ne ba tsebahala e le balemi ba lirapa ba nang le tsebo le horticulturists.

Le be le Puisano Crimean boemo le Moscow

Thahasellisang hantle - the Principality tsa Fodor le likhosana tsa hae a kopanela liphate le haufi haholo le ea boholo-holo RUS. Esita le eo tsejoa hore e ne e le ho tloha libakeng se lithaba sa Crimea simoloha malapa a 'maloa aristocratic, e phetha karolo ea hlaheletseng historing ea puso ea rōna. Ka mohlala, lelapa boyar theohileng Hovrina fallela ka XIV lekholong la lilemo la ho tloha Mangupa ho Moscow baemeli ba 'maloa Gavras lesika busang ka teng. Russia e ka lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa e se e le behiloeng tlhokomelong taolo ea libakeng tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa bophelo ba setjhaba - lichelete.

Ka XVI lekholong la lilemo la ka lelapa lena arohane makala tse peli, baemeli ba eo hape tšoauoa ka histori Russia - ke Tretyakovs le Golovin. Empa ho fetisisa tsejoa re Mangupsky Princess Sofya Paleolog, ba ileng ba fetoha mosali oa Grand Duke ea Moscow Ivan III. Kahoo, ho na le mong le e mong lebaka la ho bua ka karolo e bapaloang ke principality Theodoro le babusi ba oona ka histori Serussia.

likamano tse ling machaba boemo Theodoro

Ntle le Russia ea boholo-holo e ne e le 'me ho ntse a' maloa a e re, e neng maqhama a lipolotiki le a moruo a naha eo principality Theodoro. Nalane ya morao Mehla e Bohareng e tiisa maqhama lona haufi dynastic le boholo ba malapa a busang ka tsa Europe Bochabela. Mohlala, Princess Maria Mangupsky - ausi oa feodorskogo 'musi, ea e-ba mosali oa' Musi oa Moldova Stefana Velikogo, le ausi oa hae ne a nyetsoe ke mojalefa teroneng trapezuntskogo.

Bophelo ba pota-potiloe ke lira

Ha ke hetla morao ka histori, sa hlokomele botsa potso: joang e nyenyane lithaba principality ka nako e telele ho hanela bahlōli joalo tšosang ka Yedigei Tatar khans le Nogai? Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ba lireng ba ne ba multiple tlhamiwe bophahamo, a ke ke a feela o ile a hlōleha ho finyella pakane ea bona ea lona, empa, ho ba le utloa bohloko lahleheloa e boima, o ile a ntšetsoa ka ntle tsa' Muso. Feela hamorao, libakeng tse ling ea naha ne tlas'a taolo ea hae.

Orthodox principality tsa Theodoro Crimea, e boetse ke e mong oa mangeta a ho qetela ea Byzantium, bakileng lehloeo le Genoese Mak'hatholike, le Crimean khans. Tabeng ena, baahi ba eona ba ne ba lula ho itokisa kamehla 'nyahamisa mabifi, empa ka nako e telele e le ne a ke ke a tsoele pele. A boemo nyane pota-potiloe ke lira tsa ka mahlakoreng 'ohle, o ile a ahlotsoeng.

The tlhaselo ea hloahloa tsa bafutuhi Turkish

Ke ile ka fumana sera khahlanong le bao principality Theodoro ne se nang matla. E ne e le 'Muso oa Ottoman, ka ho feletseng hapa ka nako eo ho ea Byzantium Muso' me a lokise le lipono tsa rona ka likolone 'mōpi oa lona. A futuhela naha ea Crimea, Maturkey tšoara naha habonolo, le litho tsa Genoese le khans ea moo entse vassals hae. lethathameng le hlophisitsweng e ne e le bakeng sa Theodoret.

Ka 1475 Mangup - motse-moholo oa principality tsa Theodoro, o thibeletsoeng kgethile likarolo Turkish, matlafatsoa ho mabotho o tšoanang oa ho vassals bona, Crimean khans. Mateanong a lebotho lena a likete a ema Gedik Ahmed Pasha, ea neng a ka nako eo ba tumme ka tlhōlo ea hae ea mabōpong a Bosphorus. Tšoaroa ka lesale teteaneng ea lira, motse-moholo oa 'muso oa lithaba ho bonahatsa onslaught bona ka likhoeli tse hlano.

The denouement bohloko

Ho sireletsa motse oo o ka ntle bakeng sa badudi lona, masole a makholo a mararo o ile a nka karolo, ikemiseditse ho Moldova le 'musi Stephen e Moholo, o ne a nyetse ho Princess Maria ea Mangup' me kahoo o ne a ka Theodora kamano. Sehlopha sena sa Moldovans theohela ka histori e le "batho ba Sparta ba makholo a mararo tsa Crimea." O, ka tšehetso ea baahi ba moo o ile a khona ho hlōla ho Ottoman phahameng sechabeng matlo - e Regiment tsa Janissaries. Empa ka lebaka la bophahamo ba tlhamiwe tsa sephetho sera sa e ne e le foregone sephetho.

Mora ikarabella telele Mangup ntse a le matsohong a lira. Kaha ba ile ba hlōleha ho fihlela katleho ntoeng bulehileng, Maturkey resorted ho maqiti proven - koale tsohle tsela pelehi lijo, ba ile ba ba ne ba nkile motse le qhobosheane lona lapa. Baahi ba leshome le metso e mehlano tse sekete tsa halofo ho motse-moholo o ne a haufinyane timetsoa, 'me ba bang kaofela ba makhoba.

litloholo feodorites

Se ka mor'a hore a oela Mangup 'me a theha puso ea Ottoman, esita le ka lilemo tse makholo a' maloa o ile a lula metseng ea Orthodox Lefatšeng, moo principality Theodoro pele. Tlokotsi mona, amohuoa bona batho ba bangata ba fumana litempele tse neng etsoa le matlong a baitlami, empa ha a tlameha ho lahla bolumeli ba baholo-holo ba bona. Litloholo tsa bao ba pele leo ho ahiloeng ho tetebetse ka boemo lebaloa khona ho boloka lineano o motle oa Horticulture.

Ba tsoela pele ho hōla koro le mesebetsi ea matsoho se etsang. Ha lilemong tsa bo-XVIII Catherine II o ile a ntša molao-taelo ka tloswa ea baahi kaofela ba Bakreste ba sebakeng sa Russia, ka tsela eo irreparable bohloko ho Moruo oa Crimea. Bajaki hape naheng ea habo bona e ncha se ile sa hlahisa mekhatlo tse peli tse fapaneng ea sechaba - Don Azov Bagerike le Armenians.

lebala tse fetileng

Principality tsa Theodoro, historing ea e felle feela ka lilemo tse makholo a mabeli feela, o ile a pholoha lona motse-moholo hang-ba matla Trebizond le esita le Constantinople. Ho ba le bastion qetela ea Orthodox ka ho Crimea, ka principality likhoeli hana ho onslaught ba mabotho a phahametse sera sa le oela feela ka mor'a hore boima menyetla tsohle ho tsoela pele ho hanyetsa.

Ao bo a bakang ho soetseha hore feat, tsa batho ba sebete hoo e ka bang ne ke sa pholoha ka hopola meloko e tlang. batho ba seng bakae tseba esita le seo e neng e le lebitso la motse-moholo Crimean ea principality tsa Theodoro. baahi ba mehleng ea kajeno ba ahileng sebakeng seo, e hampe tsebiswa ka liketsahalo tse bahale, bapalla ho tse hlano le halofo le makholo a lilemo a fetileng. bahahlauli feela etela lithakong tsa e qhobosheane ea boholo-holo, ho mamela lipale tse buang ka tsona re tataisa ebile bala ho akaretsa lohothwang ka libukana tsa bona tse mebala-bala.