Diene hydrocarbons: sebopeho, isomerism le nomenclature

Diene hydrocarbons (di diolefins alkadienes dienes) - phelelang hydrocarbons, ka sebopeho sa moo ho na le ba babeli ba habeli litlamo. Ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale sebopeho alkadienes li arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro: Ke thaepa - e cumulated diolefins litlamo (SN2SSN2); Mofuta II - alkadienes le conjugation (conjugated) kgokagano; litlamo habeli ka sebopeho sa diene ba arohane ka tlamo le 'ngoe (N2SSNSNSN2); Mofuta III - dienes le dikgokelo insulated (N2SSN2SN2SNSN2).

Diene hydrocarbons: litšobotsi tse akaretsang

Ea mefuta e meraro ea dienes thahasellong ea ho fetisisa ho mofuta indasteri lik'hemik'hale II ke alkadienes. Ho sebelisa le elektrone e ile ea fumana hore litlamo habeli ka butadiene molek'hule pakeng C1 le C4 e telele ho feta ethylene molek'hule.

Diene hydrocarbons: isomerism

Tsena metsoako manyolo tšoauoa ka mefuta e 'meli ea isomerism - tlhaloganya sebaka (stereoisomerism) le mehaho. The mofuta pele - mehaho isomerism hydrocarbon ketane eo e ka 'na ka kotloloho kapa se makala a. Mofuta oa bobeli oa isomerism ke ka lebaka la ho tlhaloganya sebaka diriswa tsa liathomo le lihlopha athomo pota litlamo habeli. Ka tsela eo ha thehoa trans- le cis-isomers dienes. Ka mohlala, bakeng sa limolek'hule moralo diene S5N8 ho na le tse tharo isomers mehaho:

SN2SNSN2SNSN2; CH2C (CH3) SNSN2; SN3SNSNSN2.

Diene hydrocarbons: nomenclature

Bakeng sa mabitso diene sebelisa nomenclatures tse peli - tsa histori (mohlala, divines Allen) le IUPAC (Union International ea theoretically le sebelisoa k'hemistri). Ho ea ka IUPAC nomenclature, pele bitsoa diene ngollana alkane, ka lebitso la eo "en Khao" e nkeloa sebaka ke suffix "diene", ebe lipalo ho bontša sebaka ba selegae le la litlamo tsa habeli ka ketane hydrocarbon. hydrocarbon ketane dinomoaro o etsoang ho tsoa e le hore linomoro na boleng tlaase-tlaase. dienes ea ka moralo o fanoeng ka holimo IUPAC nomenclature tla ho fetisetswa tjena: 1.4-pentadiene; 2-methylene-1,3-butadiene; 1,3-pentadiene.

Ho na le a 'maloa a liindasteri le mekhoa laboratori ea tswakana diene. Ba ka sehloohong ke depolymerization tsa rabara tsa tlhaho (omileng distillation), le mokhoa catalytic dehydration ba alkanes, mokhoa dehydration monohydric phelelang alcohols.

Butadiene - ea bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa rubbers maiketsetso (nitrile, butadiene, styrene), hammoho le perchlorovinyl. Isoprene - ntho le e monko o bath. isoprene pele ya hlahiswa ho tloha rabara tsa tlhaho ke distillation e omme. Isoprene ne a boetse a lokisitsoeng ke dehydration ba isopentane. Sebelisoa ho hlahisa rabara maiketsetso, meriana le lintho tse nkhang hamonate.

Rubbers - matla haholo le rekere lintho tse bonahalang tse hlahang ho yona manyolo tse hlahisoang ho tloha thepa tsa tlhaho e tala (rabara tsa tlhaho) le mekhoa maiketsetso (a maiketsetso a). Motheong oa rabara tse diene molek'hule conjugation ka litlamo tsa ka habeli. mabili The generated nakong e lokisa ya lintho tse bonahalang le futhumatsang le sebabole (vulcanization). Rubbers - ea bohlokoa haholo e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea mabili le methapo, li sireletsang serameng hlobolisa, mittens rabara, lieta le lintho tse ling tse sebelisoang indastering, ba ntlo, malapeng, meriana bongaka le tsa bongaka ba diphoofolo.

hydrocarbons Ethylenic ka sebopeho bona ba na le e 'ngoe habeli tlamo e. Ka linako tse ling metsoako tsena li bitsoa olefins hobane e ka tlaase gaseous alkenes itšoara ka chloride le kapa bromine ya ho theha e komponeng mafura, tse insoluble ka metsing.

hydrocarbons Acetylenic (alkynes) - metsoako, e leng e na le e 'ngoe hararo tlamo e. Boleng phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho tsohle tsa alkynes ke acetylene eo e fumanoa ka ho itšoara k'halsiamo carbide ka metsi. khase ena e sebelisitsoeng ho tjheseletsa autogenous le seha tšepe. Acetylene - ea bohlokoa e tala lintho tse bonahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa ethylene, ethanol, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetylene, acid e ea acetate, benzene, trichloroethane ka, acrylonitrile.