Dibanka Systemically bohlokoa: lenane. dibanka Systemically bohlokoa Russia

Banks ka mofuta oa mekhatlo ea khoebo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ka moruo, 'me ka tse ling - ka tabeng ea matšoao a bothata mekhoa ea - ka' na ba ameha ho feta ba bang ka lebaka la mabaka a tshwanelanang negative. Ka lebaka leo, ba ka 'na ba, le eena, a ke le moroalo ho moruo ea sechaba ka tsoa ho tswa ho bothata bona. Empa matla a puso le - ho thibela eona. Kahoo, Banka Central ea Federation Russia etsa qeto ea ho etsa lethathamo la ka ho fetisisa ea moshoelella diinstitusene tsa banka tsa lichelete, e molemo ho feta tse ling tse leha e le efe a sireletsa liphellong tsa maqakabetsi, ka hona ke ke feela e-ba moroalo ho tekanyetsokabo, empa hape le ho ho kgothaletsa khumo ea moruo ea sechaba ea boemo bo thata ka ho eo e ke jwale . Eo diinstitusene tsa lichelete li kenyelelitsoe lethathamong ee?

Motheo oa dibanka systemically bohlokoa

dibanka Systemically bohlokoa Russia - se sebopeho ee? lentsoe lena le bolela ho kholo ka ho fetisisa ya dihlongwa mokitlane eo, ka lebaka la ho latelwa le ba kapa ka litekanyetso tse ling, ba tšoauoa ka ho ba ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa moruo oa naha. litsupa joalo 'na a akarelletsa boleng ba capitalization banka, e leng tekanyo ea ho ba teng ha ka libaka, hammoho le litšoantšo tsa senotlolo ka boemo ka kakaretso lichelete tsa mohaho.

Leha ho le joalo, le ka litekanyetso tsa semmuso, ka boemo ba melao ea tsamaiso, e ntseng e Federation le Serussia. Ka lebaka leo, lenane la ho khetheha ea libanka systemically bohlokoa - ka e le, ka mohlala, e hatisitsoeng ka July 2015 e Banka Central ea Federation ea Russia, thehoa haholo-holo ka lebaka la mekgwa e ka hare tsa likhakanyo le regulator. Manane a ya ditheo tshwanelanang ka boela ka ba joalo, ho etsa mohlala, katisediwa mekhatlo - tse kang "RIA Rating".

mesebetsi e amanang le 'muso

Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bopaki ba hore ka litekanyetso tsa kenyeletso ho dibanka systemically bohlokoa nakong e tlang e foreseeable ka secured ka phahameng ka ho molao. taba ena, e le bahlahlobisisi ba ela hloko, o ne a sebetsa ka ntle maemong a fapaneng a ditherisano ka 'maraka lichelete tsa Federation le Serussia. dibanka Russia a tla classified e le systemically bohlokoa - ha re bua ka mananeo le e hatisitsoeng ke Banka ea Central le ka ho kgethelwa ho boemo tšehetso ka ketsahalo ea maqakabetsi - ho etsa mohlala, haeba ba ne ba ba hlokomela le mathata tsa kontane. Ka tsela eo, ba boholong ba ka 'na ho thahasella ho boloka botsitso ba mokitlane le mekhatlo lichelete e loketseng ha e le hantle e le hore ba, le eena, a kenya letsoho hore ho etsa bonnete ba botsitso ba moruo ka kakaretso.

The tsebisa molaoli ea

Ho ka 'na ba hlokomela hore ka 2013 Banka ea Central e hatisitsoeng e thahasellisang tokomane - mme bo hlalosang morero oo ka litekanyetso tsa tlhophiso ea libanka li ne li tlalehoa hore systemically bohlokoa. mohloling ona o boletse hore lenane la mabopong systemically bohlokoa Russia ka di kentswe thehiloeng boleng ba thepa ya mekgatlo, kabelo ea mobung, hammoho le boleng ba chelete eo ba amehang mekhatlo e meng lichelete. likhothaletso tshwanelanang ne e thehiloeng ka litekanyetso tsa Komiti Basel ka Banking tlhokomelo, hammoho le litsebi tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ka keletso. Tabeng ena, le tshebetso tsa lichelete tsa Banka ea Central lokela ho lekanya, ho ea ka dipehelo tsa sesoleng, ka lebaka la tshebetso mokgatlo ka lilemo tse 3.

Hape rea tseba hore ka January 2014 Banka ea Central ntshitsweng tataiso ka lebaka la litokisetso tsa tsona o ne a lokela ho hlalosa lethathamo la mabopong systemically bohlokoa. 2014, e ile a etsa tlhahiso ke litsebi tse ling li, ho ne ho nkoa ka karolo efe ea tshebetso sekasekale - joalo bakeng sa hae lethathamo tshwanelanang ha e so hatisitsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le ntlha fapaneng le maikutlo a. Litsebi tse ling li 'nile ba etsa tlhahiso ea hore selemo seo Banka ea Central tla phatlalatsa lethathamo la pele la mabopong systemically bohlokoa ka 2014 ka tsela e itseng e tla ka lebaka la ho bothata mekhoa le ho hlokahala hore a hlalose lethathamo la mekhatlo e tsitsitseng ho fetisisa mokitlane. Leha ho le joalo, banka e Central e thehoa lethathamo lekanang ya ditheo tsa lichelete feela ka July 2015.

dibanka Systemically bohlokoa ho latela CBR

Nahana ka hona, seo hona joale se Banka ea Central allocates systemically dibanka tsa bohlokoa. Lethathamong le ka akarelletsa ho 10 kgolo Russia banka diinstitusene tsa lichelete.

e leng:

- Sberbank - banka kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Federation Russia;

- VTB - bobeli kholo ka ho fetisisa thepa ya banka ya Federation Russia;

- temo Banka;

- Raiffeisen Banka;

- UniCredit;

- Gazprombank;

- FK "Kenyelletso";

- Rosbank;

- PSB;

- Alfa Banka.

E le litsebi li hakanya lethathamo ee? Market Bahlahlobisisi ba lumela hore Banka ea Central hlahiswa 'me e akarelletsa lethathamo la mabopong systemically bohlokoa, ka kakaretso, ke ho utloahalang. Litsebi tse ngata li, ka molao-motheo, pele regulator e entsoeng lethathamo lena, a etsa tlhahiso ea hore bana ba mokitlane le mekgatlo ya ditjhelete tla kena ka ho sona. Leha, haeba feela hobane diinstitusene tsa tsena - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka ho Russia ho latela ha thepa. Ba ipokellela e leng kakaretso ea 60% ya Russia motse-moholo oa banka.

Mekgwatiriso tloha Banka ea Central

Hore Banka ea Central e lebeletsoe ka nako e tlang ho phatlalatsa ka litekanyetso tse motheong oa seo ka sona ba 'nile ba ka hlaloswang dibanka systemically bohlokoa, lethathamo la tse re li tšohlileng ka holimo. Sena, ka ho khetheha, o ile a re ke baemedi ba regulator ka hlahlobeloa e mecha ea phatlalatso. Ho ka 'na ho hlokomela hore ba bang ba ka litekanyetso le fumaneha ho setjhaba hona joale - haeba u hlahloba boitsebiso ba lokolloang mochine oa CBR. Ho joalo, e mong oa bona o ile a re ka la 1 October, 2015 ka beha dibanka systemically tsa bohlokoa li tla nkoa e le sesupo sa boleng ba nako e khutsoanyane tsa kontane. Ditlhoko tsa boleng lona e tla butle-butle eketseha. E tla qalong inkele lebelo la 60%, empa de 2019 e tla lokela ho ba 100%.

Ho e boetse e tsejoa e le Banka Central ka 2016 o tla emisa ditlhoko ka buffers motse-moholo - ka ho ya ka ka litekanyetso eo behile Basel dikgothaletso. Palo e lekanang ka tlatsetsa ho motse-moholo mantlha hlokahala ho koala tahlehelo ka ketsahalo ea tlokotsi, o ne a lokela ho ba 0,625% mabapi le matlotlo weighted ke kotsi. Selemo le selemo, ho criterion tla ba ka ho eketsehileng stringent. Ke de 2019, libanka tla lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore pafara motse-moholo ka boleng ba 2,5%.

Optimum representativeness

Ho ka 'na ba hlokomela hore ka mme bo hlalosang hore a lakatsang ho hlalosa Russia e libanka systemically bohlokoa, ka 2014, ho ne ho thoe chelete ea ho reka ka mokitlane le mekhatlo lichelete joale lenaneng lokela ho kenyeletsa bonyane 80% ea Russia' maraka oa thepa banka.

Tabeng ena, litsebi tse ling li khothalletsa hore ka lethathamo la pele la systemically diinstitusene tsa bohlokoa e tla ba ho pota 50 mekhatlo. Ho feta moo, buisana le baemeli ba mecha ea litaba ea Banka ea Central ka hoetla ea 2014 e ile ea tlaleha hore boemo loketseng ho tse lokela ho fumana dibanka 19, ho bokella, le eena, a ka bang 70% ea motse-moholo 'marakeng ea sechaba.

Atamelang ho tekolo ea libanka systemically bohlokoa

Kahoo, re ile a sheba ka litekanyetso tse 'maloa tseo ba ikemiselitse ke dibanka systemically bohlokoa. Ba thathamisitsoe, entsoe ka Banka ea Central, re boetse re a hlahloba. Seo u se ba re baemeli ba ya ditheo tsa lichelete le bahlahlobisisi ba 'maraka ka hore na ho ba le lethathamo la ho ngollana le melao-motheo ea ho lokisetsa tsa lona?

Kahoo, ntlha ea tloaelehileng oa pono, ho ea ka tseo boemo ba bohlokwa systemic ya banka le - ho ke ke ha ho joalo lintho tse ngata e le ratang ka e ile ea eketseha le boikarabelo. Mokitlane le mokhatlo oa lichelete, eo ba mo amohela, ho loketse ho phetha boikarabelo - amanang bobeli qeto ea mathata a malapeng a moruo a puso ya, hammoho le ho kopanela lipuisanong tsa machaba. Banka Central baemeli ba a hatisa hore e le mabopong a ba neng ba ka lenane la systemically bohlokoa ha aa lokela ho unconditionally itšetleha ka tšehetso ea lichelete e tsoang mmuso. A karolo e khōlō ka ho thusa ho rarolla mathata a ka khonehang setheo e, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka ho batsamaisi tlhōrōng ea Banka ea Central lokela bapala boradiabo.

The ka litekanyetso tsa tlhophiso ea libanka tsamaiso ea: Setsebi patlotlhotlhwa

Seo litsebi li reng ka hatisitsoeng ka nako eo le ka litekanyetso Banka Central leo dibanka ba classified e le systemically bohlokoa? Kahoo, bahlahlobisisi ba sebele haholo hlahloba itsoelang ho ea Banka ea Central leseling la ditlhoko ka buffers-moholo. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse ngata ba thahasella, motheong oa seo mabaka a banka bohareng beha rekoto tšoauoa ka re ka holimo.

Ho ea ka ba bang ba bahlahlobisisi ba, e criterion bohlokoa ka hlahlobo ya botsitso ba ditheo Russia lichelete e lokela ho ba ea boleng ba botsamaisi. Ha banka e eteletsoeng pele ke batsamaisi tšoaneleha, e ke ka ho Leha ho le joalo eketsa menyetla ea eona ea atleha ho hlōla bothata, hammoho le ho phetha mesebetsi eo ke ama moruo ba naha eo, re litsebi li.

fumana baeta-pele ba

dibanka Serussia, e leng entse Banka ea Central ka lethathamo la systemically bohlokoa, ba boetse ba etselitsoeng ho ba le mohlala bakeng sa tse ling tse, mohlomong gaisana mo diinstitusene tsa lichelete, bahlahlobisisi ba se buileng.

Ha e le hantle, boikanyego bona ka mahlo a Russia mokitlane maraka barupeluoa ba ke ke ba botsa, litsebi li re, empa mekhatlo nyenyane tekanyo, ho tla ba monate hore ba khona ho bona, ka lebaka la ho e libanka kgolo ka ho khetheha ba ho ntshetsa pele ka katleho le ho sebele hlahlojoa le regulator. Ntlheng ena phatlalatso ya Banka ea Central ea lethathamo le feletseng la ka litekanyetso tsa di baya ka ditlhopha mokitlane le mekhatlo lichelete tsamaiso ea ka 'na ba susumelletsa bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ea tsamaiso ea banka ka kakaretso, bahlahlobisisi ba se buang.