Cytostatics - ke eng? lethathamo la lithethefatsi

Cytotoxic mahlahana - mahlahana a tse lieha ho theosa le tshebetso ya karohano seleng. Ho boloka bophelo ba phelang e thehiloeng bokhoni ea lisele tsa lona ho arola, ha lisele tse ncha nka sebaka sa khale, 'me tsa khale, ka ho latellana, ba shoa. Lebelo la sena biologically ikemiselitse e le hore 'mele o ile a tšehetsa ka ho leka-lekana ka tieo ea lisele, ao ho' ona ho ke ke ka tsela e hlollang hore ho e mong le e lekala metaboliki thulaganyou e tsoela ka lebelo le fapaneng.

Empa ka linako tse tekanyo ea karohano seleng ea fetoha e khōlō haholo, lisele tsa khale ha ba na nako ea ho shoa. Ho joalo le ka sebopeho sa lihlahala, ka mantsoe a mang - lihlahala. E ne e ka nako ena e fetoha tshwanelanang potso ea cytostatics - hore na ke eng le hore na ba ka thusa ea ho phekola kankere. Le ho araba e, o lokela ho ela hloko likarolo tsohle tsa sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi.

Cytostatics le Oncology

Maemong a mangata ka tloaelo ya kalafi tshebediso ya cytostatics le hlaha tšimong ea Oncology, e le hore a liehe kgolo ya hlahala. Nakong ea kalafo, le lithethefatsi e na le phello e lisele tsohle 'mele, kahoo slowing fatše metabolism le hlaha ka lisele tsohle. Empa feela ka lihlahala tse kotsi phello ea cytostatics e bontšitsoeng ka botlalo ke slowing tekanyo ea letotong kankere.

Cytostatics le dithulaganyo autoimmune

Hape, mahlahana cytotoxic sebediswa ea ho phekola mafu a autoimmune, ka lebaka la mosebetsi pathological ya boitshireletso ba mmele lisireletsi timetsa antigens se fatang maikutlo ka lisele tse 'mele ea bona le liseleng. e le hantle Cytostatic ka lesapo moko, fokotsa mosebetsi oa maloetseng, oo ka oona lefu lena le na le monyetla oa ho kena kokobetse.

Kahoo, lithethefatsi cytotoxic sebelisoa ka mafu a latelang:

• bolaeang lihlahala kankere ka mekhahlelo ba pele;
• lymphoma;
• kankere ea mali;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• ramatiki;
• vasculitis;
• lefu Sjogren ya;
• scleroderma.

Kaha ba nka hore ho bonahala tsa mokete oa ba lithethefatsi le mochine oa liphello tsa eona tse ka 'mele, e ba e hlakileng joaloka cytostatics mosebetsi, e leng sona,' me ha ba lokela ho sebelisoa.

mefuta cytostatics

Cytostatics, tse ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka tlaase mona, ha e felle dihlopha tsena, empa ho tloaelehile ho khetholla tsena dihlopha 6 of lithethefatsi.

1. The alkylating cytostatic mahlahana - mahlahana a hore na matla a ho senya DNA ea lisele tse tšoauoa ka palo e phahameng ea fission. Ho sa tsotellehe ho isa tekanyong e phahameng ea bokgoni, lithethefatsi ka thata-a mameletse, ho akarelletsa liphello tsa kalafo hangata e ke bolwetse ba sebete 'me liphio e le tsamaiso ea ka sehloohong karaoke set. Ka joalo a kenyeletsa:

• mosetareta;
• nitrourea derivatives;
• alkyl;
• ethylenimines.

2. alkaloids, cytotoxic mahlahana a se hlahang ho yona dimela - lihlahisoa tsa ama batho ka tsela e tšoanang, empa ka sebopeho tsa tlhaho:

• taxanes;
• vinca alkaloids;
• podophyllotoxins.

3. Cytotoxic mahlahana, antimetabolites - lithethefatsi tse thibela metsoako dintho sebetsang ka tshebetso ya ho sebopeho hlahala, ka tsela eo ho thibela kgolo ya lona:

• folate ba khahlanong le lōna;
• purine manaka;
• pyrimidine khahlanong le lōna.

4.Tsitostatiki-lithibela-mafu - mahlahana loantsang likokoana le mosebetsi antitumor:

• anthracyclines.

5. Cytotoxic mahlahana, li-hormone - lithethefatsi bakeng sa kankere hore fokotsa tlhahiso ea li-hormone tse ling.

• progestins;
• antiestrogens;
• estrogens;
• antiandrogens;
• aromatase inhibitors.

6. Monoclonal lisireletsi - lisireletsi artificially a bōpa tšoanang-mogolo lebisitsoe ho lisele tse itseng, tabeng ena - lihlahala.

litokisetso

Cytostatics, lethathamo la lithethefatsi tse hlahisa mona ka tlase, a ile a ntša feela ka lengolo la ngaka le ba isoa feela ho maemo a ka thata-thata:

• "Cyclophosphamide";
• "Tamoxifen";
• "Flutamide";
• "Sulfasalazine";
• "Chlorambucil";
• "Azathioprine";
• "Temozolomide";
• "Hydroxychloroquine";
• "Methotrexate".

Lenane la lithethefatsi tse neng li tla lumellana le tlhaloso ea "mahlahana cytostatic" e pharaletse haholo, empa lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba laetsoeng ke lingaka khafetsa. Litokisetso li khethoa ka bomong ho ba le mamello ka hloko haholo, ngaka e hlalosa ho ba le mamello seo litla-morao tsa cytostatics bakela, hore na ke eng le hore na e ka etsahala ho ba qobe.

litla-morao

tekotshupo thulaganyou e lokela ho netefatsa ho ba teng ha motho a sa lefu le tebileng bakeng sa eo kalafo e hlokahalang cytostatics. litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tsena li bontša ka ho hlaka haholo, ba ile ba ha ba hampe feela mameletse ke bakuli, empa hape phetha e kotsi ho bophelo bo botle ba batho. Ka mantsoe a mang, fumana lithethefatsi cytotoxic - e kamehla kotsi e khōlō, empa Oncology le mafu autoimmune, kotsi ea ho hloka kalafo e phahame ho feta mathateng a litla khoneha lehlakoreng la moriana.

Ka sehloohong lehlakoreng phello ea cytostatics ke phello ea oona e mpe ka moko oa lesapo, le ka lebaka leo kaofela hematopoietic tsamaiso. Ka tšebeliso ka nako e telele, e leng hangata e hlokehang ka phekolo ea kankere 'me lihlahala, le dithulaganyo autoimmune, mohlomong ntshetsopele ya kankere ea mali.

Empa le haeba mali ke kankere ka qojoa, fetola sebopeho mali joang kapa joang ama ho sebetsa ha tsamaiso ea tsohle. Ha e tiileng e qamathelang eketsehileng ea mali, liphio li ameha, e le lera glomerular larileng mojaro seholo, ka lebaka la hore ba ka e senyehileng.

Nakong ea mokete oa ba cytostatics e lokela ho ba loketse bakeng sa ka ho sa feleng ho kula. Bakuli ba pholletsa le tsela ea kalafo le sehlopha sena, hlokomela boikutlo kamehla la bofokoli, ho otsela, ho hloleha ho amehe ka ho etsa mosebetsi oo. Har'a litletlebo tloaelehile hore batho ba kenyeletsa hlooho e, e leng hona joale a sa khaotse a le batlang e qojoa analgesics.

Basali ka nako e ea phekolo hangata ba tobane le ditlolo tsa potoloho matsatsing le ho hloleha ho emola ngoana.

Mafu a ea tsamaiso tshilong ya dijo li bonahatsoa ka nyekeloa ke pelo le letšollo. Hangata e ena e etsa hore takatso ea tlhaho ea ho thibela ho ja hae le ho fokotsa palo ea ho noa lijo, e le eena isang ho ipolaisa tlala.

Se kotsi ho bophelo bo botle, empa liphello tse sa thabiseng-morao tsa lithethefatsi cytostatic ke moriri tahlehelo ka hlooho 'me' mele. Mora qetello ea thupelo, ka busa, ka kholo ea moriri o tswella.

Motheong ena, ho ka etsahala ho hatisa hore karabo ea potso ea cytostatics - hore na ke eng, e na le tlhahisoleseding e seng feela ka melemo ea mofuta ona wa lithethefatsi, empa e boetse e le kotsing e khōlō ea ho bophelo bo botle le boiketlo nakong ea kopo ea eona.

Kenoa melao cytostatics

Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore ho cytostatic na le tšusumetso e ka ho toba le mosebetsi oa boitshireletso ba mmele, inhibiting eona. Ka lebaka leo, nakong ea tsela ea motho e ba bonolo hore tshwaetso efe kapa efe.

Ho thibela tshwaetso, o lokela ho iphaphatha le mehato yohle ya polokeho hlahe libakeng tse le concentrations khōlō ea batho, ba apara ho sireletsa gauze tlamisa le sebelisa ho bolela moo ea antiviru tšireletso ea (oxolinic mafura) ho qoba hypothermia. Haeba tšoaetso ea tšoaetso ea matšoafo e ntse e le teng, u lokela ho batla hang-hang ee ngakeng.

Tsela ea ho fokotsa litla-morao?

moriana morao-rao e etsa hore ho ka khoneha ho fokotsa ho tiea tsa litla-morao etsahalang bakuli fumana lithethefatsi cytotoxic. lithethefatsi khethehileng hore thibela ea gag reflex ka boko bo etsa hore ho be bonolo hore a lule a le boemong ba tloaelehileng ea bophelo le tshebetso nakong kalafo.

Ka tloaelo ho, letlapeng e nkiloeng hoseng haholo, ka nako eo e kgothaletswa ho eketsa mokgwa wa ho noa ho fihlela ho etsang dilitara 2 tsa metsi ka letsatsi. Cytostatics bogolosegolo excreted ke liphio hona likaroloana e ka 'na ea lula le lisele tsa senya, ho fana ka tena. A palo e kholo ea ho noa mokelikeli 'me khafetsa voiding etsa ho ka khoneha ho fokotsa ho tiea tsa litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi cytostatic ka senya. Haholo-holo bohlokoa ho ka hloko feela senya pele ke robala.

Lipatlisiso nakong kalafo

Kenoa cytostatics hloka ho hlahloba ka kamehla ea 'mele. Seng ka tlase ho hanngoe ka khoeli, ho ba le mamello lokela feta liteko bontsha ho atleha ha liphio, sebete, tsamaiso ea mali:

• CBC;
• k'hemistri mali ka boemo ba creatinine, Alt le AST;
• e and analysis feletseng tsa moroto wa;
• lekanya CRP.

Kahoo, ho tseba lintlha tsohle tsa bohlokwa ka se hlokahalang cytostatics, hore na ke eng, seo mefuta ya lithethefatsi tse le kamoo ho ka e nka, o ka itšetleha ka e ntle itse'ng phekolo ea kankere le maloetse a autoimmune.