Bahlōli ba Space, 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la, th: tafole bapisang

The tobogan fetisisa thabisang ea moloko oohle oa batho o ile a qala lilemong tsa bo-bohareng ba bo-bo20 la lilemo, nakoana ka mor'a hore ho phethoa ea tlokotsi e khōlō ea lekholo la - the Second World Ntoa. Ho na le e ne e le phetoho e khōlō hore e hapa likelello le meea ea batho ba tsoang linaheng tse sa tšoaneng, 'me ho na le e ne e le bahlōli ea pele ea bokahohleng bo hlophisehileng bo 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la. Re balehela sebaka le tseba ho letho le tla ema le 'mokotsane. Kaha ho ne ho ena battlefield tectonic ka bophelo ba batho 'me tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e e re emetse hona joale, lekholong la bo21 la lilemo?

Tšimoloho ea morolo sebaka

Space morolo qalong khanna baeta tse peli - USSR le United States, e leng ntoa eo a tšela, eseng feela ka likhohlano tsa lipolotiki le tsa peiso libetsa, empa hape le tlhōlisano e ka saense le theknoloji. Ho sa tsotellehe boiteko ba bona le matlotlo a moholo lichelete, United States ka meso ba lilemong tsa sebaka ne a ke ke fumana e le bopula-maliboho 'me baeta-pele ba. Bahlōli ba Space 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la, ba fumana hamorao - tla bopa shuttles tsamaea le mothusi sebaka, libonela-hōle bartolomeo matla le rovers romeloa ho hlahloba Red Planet. 'Me ha re qala ka tlhaloso ya sebaka lonthja pele.

The criterion tsa chargeability sefofane ho sebaka ke mateanong a litsela tsa moleng Kármán ka e bophahamong ba km 100.

PES-1, a bōpa le thakholoa ke Soviet Union, e ne e khona ho ntshetsa pele lebelo ho hlokahala hore ho hlōla tsomule ea Lefatše 'me o ne a qala microcyteme Lata ka orbit ka October 1957. Sathelaete ne a ke ke a re e sa lebaleheng, ho ama moea oa polelo ka mehato ea ho moloko oa batho joaloka eena ea Neil Armstrong buileng. PES-1 ho hasa feela "Putt-Putt!", Empa e ne e ho lekaneng ho e bula mehla e mecha historing ea tsoelo-pele ea r ¯ ona.

The bafuputsi pele ea bokahohleng bo hlophisehileng bo 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la

Ha kōpo eo ho hopola-pula-maliboho ba sebaka ka pel'a mahlo a ka ba motho ofe kapa ofe e emela ho fihlela a bososela sefahleho Yuriya Gagarina. Leha ho le joalo, ea pele e phelang e phelang, o ile a romela ka orbit, o ne a sa, 'me Drosophila. Tloaelehileng lintsintsi tholoana di qala ka Maamerika ka 1947 ho ikemisetsa ho ithuta ka phello ea phahameng bophahamong boemo ba mahlaseli 'meleng.

Fofelang morao sireletsehile, 'me ho nka sebaka, ka mor'a feela ka selemo, sefofane Monkey ea bitsoang Albert I. Albert e ne e le ka tlaase ho moo le lehlohonolo - o ile a bolaoa ke ho bipetsana pele e ile ea fihla ho Karman line,' me ka hona ha e le hantle e ne e le sebaka.

Ka hona ha ho e ne e le 'maloa Alberta, empa ntse e le liphoofolo tse anyesang pele ho hloa ho ba bolelele ba fetang 100 km SE ebe ba khutlela ho phela ne lintja tse peli tse - dezikom le Roma. lonthja bona ka 1951, ba kopanela USSR. Ho orbit ntja e e sa fihla. Ho ne ho boiteko ba 'maloa hore ba phethe orbital sefofane, empa pele, o atlehileng ka khutlela lapeng etsahetse feela ka 1960. Protheine le motsu, 'me le bona ba bane dozen litoeba le likhoto tse peli selikalikoe ho potoloha lefatše' me morao phela hantle 'me ba. Nakoana ka mor'a hore ho fela ha sefofane motsu e-ba 'mè oa dintsanyana tse tsheletseng bao qetello kopanela Nikita Khrushchev. E mong oa dintsanyana Space lintja a nehelana ka morali oa mopresidente oa American - Caroline Kennedy. Kahoo, bahlōli ea pele ea bokahohleng bo hlophisehileng bo 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la e ne e le barab'abo rōna e monyenyane ea lokela ho lefa sethabathaba le hlooho.

Motho oa pele ka sebaka

Ha ho letho le tla ke fetole 'nete ea hore cosmonaut pele ea lefatše e ile ea e Union moahi Yuri Gagarin. Kaha tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara mantsoe a reng "Ha re ee!", O ile a tsoela ka orbit palama "Vostok-1".

Sefofane e ile ea nka bakeng sa nako e khutsoanyane - metsotso e 108, empa lekhetlong lena ho ea botlaaseng ba batho linaheng tse fapaneng a mamela-le-moea le lula le shebile ka ka hlahang lifiliming TV. Ba e-s'o utloisisa, ho fetisisa o ile a ikutloa, hore na bohlokoa ha sefofane sena bakeng sa baahi bohle ba lefatše.

Ho ile ha nka e batlang e le khutšoanyane eo, 'me hona joale a boela a otla rekoto sebaka bafuputsi 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la. Ka nako ea sefofane Valeriya Polyakova ea hlolla. Seteisheneng "Mir" Russia cosmonaut qeta ho feta selemo.

The bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa liketsahalo marang ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo

Balehang ho tswa Earth botho ile a ke ke a khaotsa. Iqapetsoeng bangoli ba 'nile ba libuka tseo ka tsona batho ba ithuta le kolone ea lipolanete tse ling tse ngotsoeng, baetsi ba lifilimi emoloa le lintoa sebaka pele le sebaka bafuputsi tsoela pele 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la. Tafole bapisang nakong e tlang se tla bontša kamoo e neng e le tsoelo-pele ea mehleng ea morolo sebaka.

Toro ea beha maoto holim'a 'mele oa leholimo ntle le polanete lapeng, akarelelitsoeng ho ka lulisa ea astronauts American khoeling. Man hlōle tlhaho sathelaete ea polanete ea rōna e ile ea e-Neil Alden Armstrong. O tšoenngoa Leoatleng la khutso 20 July 1969.

Ka mor'a ho hlahloba se latelang lihloliloeng tsa leholimo, astrophysicists khethile shebiloeng ntjha - Mars. 'Me hona joale potlakela seteisheneng hae "Mars 2", bao e leng Soviet Union. Ka thuso ea eona e be ntho bōpiloe ke boiteko bo etsoang ke matsoho a batho le kelello, pele o ile a tla holim 'a Red Planet,' me ka 1983 ea American "Bopula-maliboho 10", pele e entsoeng ke motho Sepheo setseng meeli ea tsamaiso ya rona a letsatsi.

The e tsebahalang phihlello ho qetela ka pelehi lintho bōpiloe ke botho, hōle le Earth ne ho lokolloa ha sekepe American "Voyager 1" ka nģ'ane ho tsamaiso ea letsatsi, 'me joale, lilemo hamorao, e ile ea fihla sebaka interstellar.

Bahlōli ba Space, 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la, th: tafole bapisang tsa seo a se finyeletseng tsa Soviet Union le United States

Summary Table "bahlōli ba Space 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la"

Nahanisisa: The mat du tsa USSR ka ho ditirisanommogo ba morolo sebaka o ile a qala ho eketseha ka ea 1970s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. lekhalo e ne e le matla ka ho fetisisa ho elella 20 - mathoasong a 21 lekholong la lilemo la, th.

astronautics morao-rao

Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo ho na le e ne e le boom boom ka sebaka, phetohelo, empa ikutloe ke ke nka nako e telele. Space Development fihla boemong ba boleng, 'me ho tloha nakong eo e tsoela pele sequentially le ka ntle ho shocks. 'Me e ke hore e le hore e loanne bahlōli ea bokahohleng bo hlophisehileng bo 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la. Ka fisiks systematized tsebo fumanoeng, akaretsa seo a se finyeletseng ka khopolo eo le lithuto tse sebetsang entsoeng ka nģ'ane ho khetla ea lefatše.

E 'ngoe ea litaelo tsa sehlooho tsa ntshetsopeleng e nkoa e le molemo tsamaea le mothusi rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng le likepe le khenele mojulung ona bakeng sa mision interplanetary.

Hape le bokahohle bo hlophisehileng, a labalabela bafuputsi ba bokahohleng bo hlophisehileng 20-21 lekholong la lilemo la. Ka fisiks le bolepi ba linaleli thero fuputsa ka monyetla oa kolone ea mokhathala matlotlo Earth kapa overpopulation. Ho ntshetsa pele sebaka sesole mokga, ha ka ho ba sethaleng sa satellitari sehloela. Halvimmat kamehla le simolodisiwa ga kumo sathelaete phahamisa potso ea tlosa sebaka ka holimo Lefatše ho tswa sebaka maloanlahla.