Asiti ea Palmitic. Matlotlo, tlhahiso, kopo

Asiti ea palmitic (e tsejoang hape e le hexadecanoic acid) ke acid e monobasic carboxylic (fatty) acid. E tloaelehileng haholo tlhahong. Ntho ena e ne e fumanoa ka oli ea palema. Esters le letsoai la asiti ena li bitsoa lifate tsa palema. Mefuta e mengata ea ether ea aciditi ena e kristalline 'me e tšoana le boka. Na mokhoa o latelang oa lik'hemik'hale: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. 'Me mokhoa oa eona oa ho etsa mekhoa e metle ke: C16H32O2.

Ho sibolloa ha asiti ea palmament ka tlhaho

Ntho ena e fumanoa ka ho hlophisoa ha glycerides ea oli e ngata ea meroho le mafura a liphoofolo. Ka mohlala, oli ea soya e na le 6.5%, oli ea palema - 38-47%, lesela - 30%. Ho phaella moo, hexadecanoic acid ke karolo ea limela tse ling: sperm whale e na le 90% ea cetyl ether hexadecanoic acid, le ka boka ba boka ba etsang karolo ea 30% ea myristyl ether ea eona. Lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo, aciditi ea palmitic ke sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa mafura a acetyl-CoA.

Ka mofuta oa glyceride, hexadecanoic acid e fumanoa ka oli ea palema, mafura a meroho a litholoana tsa North America le tsa Sechaena litholoana tsa Croton sebiferum le Stillinga sebifera, Rhus e latella peō (ka boka ba boka), ka myicone boka ho tloha Myrica cerifera monokotsoai, ka lanolin. Libakeng tsa mahala tsa palmitic acid li fumanoa peō ea li-paprika, li-spores tsa Lycopodium le ka boka la cadaver (ke karolo e ka sehloohong).

Matla a 'mele a asiti ea palmament:

1. Boemo (tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng) - makristale a se nang mebala.

2. Boima ba mola bo lekana le 256, 43 g / mol.

3. Boima ba tsona ke 0,841 g / cm³.

Matšoao a futhumetseng a asiti ea palmament:

1. Nako ea ho qhibiliha ke 62.9 ° C.

2. Sebaka se belang ke 105 ° C (ka 0,01 mm Hg) le 167 ° C (ka 1 mm Hg).

3. Palo e khanyang ke 192 ° C.

4. Mocheso oa mocheso (tlasa maemo a tloaelehileng) ke 460 J / (mol · K).

Ke lik'hemik'hale life tsa hexadecanoic acid?

1. Ho iketsetsa metsi metsing ke 0,0007 (ka 20 ° C).

2. Ho noa ethanol ke 2600 (ka 7.2 ° C).

3. Asiti ea Palmitic e na le metsoako e mengata ka benzene le acetone.

Matla a holimo a asiti ea palmament:

1. Letšoao la ho pheta-pheta ke 1.4219.

Ho lokisetsa setho sa aciditi sa palmament

Lintho tsena li ka fumanoa ka litsela tse 'maloa:

1. Ka mefuta e fokolang ea crystallization kapa ts'ebetsong ea motsoako ho tloha motsoako oa mafura a acids a neng a fumanoa ka saponification ea mafura kapa khasepo ea parafene.

2. Ka ho futhumatsa lik'hemik'hale tsa joala le kalaka ea sodium ho ea ho 270 ° C (Stas le Dumas).

C16H33OH (cetyl joala) + O2 (oksijene) = C15H31COOH + H2O (metsi)

3. Ha ho qhibiliha acid (oleic) acid ka sodium hydroxide:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (oleic acid) = CH (CH2) 7COOH + H2O (metsi) + O = C15H31COOH (palmitic acid, formule) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Ha acid e kopantsoe le nitric 2-octodecanone:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3O (oksijene) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. Lintho tsena li ka boela tsa etsoa ka mokhoa oa cyanide metsoako e tsoang ho iodine ea pentadecyl joala:

C15H31J + KCN (motsoako oa cyanide = = KJ + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (cyanide methapo) + 2H2O (metsi) = C15H31COOH (lintho tse hlahisoang) + NH3

Li-acid tsa palmament li hokae?

1. Ntho eo re e nahanang e sebelisoa ho hlahisa napalm, stearin (motsoako o khethehileng oa stearic acid), litlolo tsa opaque le li-detergents tse sa tšoaneng, li-plastifier le oli e mafura. Theknoloji, asiti ena e sebelisetsoa ho etsa likerese.

2. Calcium palmitate e sebelisoa e le karolo ea li-formulations ho sireletsa khahlanong le mongobo le metsi (letlalo la hydrophobization) la letlalo, lisele tse sa tšoaneng, lehong, li-cosmatic opaque le litlolo tse khabisang.

3. Hape e sebelisitsoe le palmitate e le ntloana ea motlakase le ea sesepa, emulsifier, e le karolo ea litokisetso tsa litlolo.

4. Methyl palmitate e hlokahalang ho hlahisa acid e palariti le tse ling tsa li-derivatives, hexadecanol. Hape ntho ena e sebelisoa e le tatso bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa lijo.

5. Pele ho moo, letsoai la pele la hexadecanoic acid e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa meriana.