And analysis mali: mefuta e, decoding le litsupa

Mali - ke o mong oa mekhoa e atileng ka ho fetisisa ka sehloohong le boitsebiso bo rutang ho hlahloba lefu. Ho latela liphello, u ka ahlola ba boholong ba 'muso, ho lopolla, ho netefatsa kapa hanyetsa tepelletse maikutlong ka, ho bona hore e jele seo lefu lena le fetola tšoaro e balletsweng ke, ho fumana hore na boemo ba li-hormone bakeng sa liphetoho ho eketsehileng. Analysis mali, mefuta ea tse tsebahalang ho lingaka tsohle, li tšoaroa e seng feela batho ba kulang, empa hape ka ho phethahetseng bophelo bo botle le batho ba feta kemiso ya kalafi cheke baholo hang ka selemo (ka kindergartens le likolo, mosebetsing, ba lebotho). Ho joalo, mohlomong, ha ho motho ea ba naha ya rona, e leng ne ba tla ba mohla ile a fumana e le litšoantšo tsa mohlolo le ho a batla a tšosang ka litafole le liphello tsa and analysis ena.

liteko mali: mefuta e

Na le ba bangata liteko fapaneng mali:

• Ka li-hormone.
• Tsoekere.
• Teko ho fumana hore na allergens.
• Immunoassay.
• Hoama.
• Bakeng sa batshwai hlahala.
• Ho tiisetsa ho ima le ba bang.

Ho qala, nahana ka tse pedi tsa atileng ka ho fetisisa le ka nako e tšoanang ka sitisang batho ho and analysis e bonolo ea mamello:

• Skeletal.
• Clinical (ba ile ba kopanela / etsahala).

Biochemistry

Pele u ithuta le ditlwaelo tsa and analysis skeletal mali ka batho ba baholo, tafole eo o tla fuoa tlase, re tla utloisisa, seo e bakeng sa.

Tataiso Biochemistry - sena ke sekhechana sa pampiri eo GPS fa mekgobo letsatsi le letsatsi. O ile a khethoa ho rera e mong le mamello hang ka selemo ho hlokomela boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba ka mora ofe kapa ofe a utloa bohloko ke lefu le tse rarahaneng, hammoho le motho leha e le ofe ea ileng a fihla sepetlele.

Mali mohlala o etsoa feela tswa mothapo (hangata a litsoeng kopanetsoeng, empa ho ka ba le mekete e fapaneng ea terata ho tswa ho methapong ka matsoho, maoto, maoto) 'me kamehla hoseng, ka e mala letho. Ka mor'a teko ea ka mokhoa o tube, e isoa laboratori ea khethehileng. Sephetho and analysis Hangata loketse letsatsi le hlahlamang.

Litloaelo tsa and analysis skeletal mali ka batho ba baholo: tafole

pontshi	yuniti ya tekanyo	E ka tlaase moedi wa tloaelehile	Tekanyong e ka holimo ea ho tloaelehile
Tsoekere / tsoekere	mmol / k	3.3	5.5 go
urea	mmol / k	2,5	8,3
Mali nonprotein naetrojene (barrel)	mmol / k	14,3	28,6
creatinine	micromole / litha e le nngwe	44	106
lipids tloaelehile hore batho ba	g, / k	4	8
k'holeseterole	mmol / k	3,6	7,8
Tlaase segokanyipalo lipoprotein, LDL / LDL k'holeseterole	mmol / k	e motona: 2,02 Basali: 1,92	e motona: 4,79 Basali: 4,51
Phahameng segokanyipalo lipoprotein, HDL / HDL k'holeseterole	mmol / k	Banna: 0,72 Basali: 0,68	e motona: 1,63 Basali: 2,28
atherogenic palokatiso		0	3
Triglycerides (ka tekanyo e matla itšetlehile ka lilemo 'me ho kopanela liphate. The melao ea boitšoaro bakeng sa ka ba lilemo li 35-40)	mmol / k	e motona: 0,61 Basali: 0,45	e motona: 3,62 Basali: 1,99
phospholipids	mmol / k	2,51	2,92
bilirubin	micromole / litha e le nngwe	8,5	20,55
protheine	g, / k	65	85
albumin	g, / k	35	50
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)	Iappa / k	10	38
Alt (alanine aminotransferase)	Iappa / k	7	41
Ea gamma-glutamyl	mmol / k	banna: 15 basali: 10	Banna: 106 basali: 66
phosphatase alkaline	Iappa / k	20	140
k'halsiamo	mmol / k	2,15	2,50
potassium	mmol / k	3,5	5.5 go
sodium	mmol / k	136	145
chloride	mmol / k	98	107
tšepe	mmol / k	e motona: 11,64 Basali: 8,95	banna: 30,43 basali: 30,43

Ka lebaka la moruo lipetlele setereke rona, lingaka hangata ha ba hlokomele hore ho hlokahale ho romela bakuli ba ho and analysis tloaelehileng feletseng, 'me joale e leng setšoantšo sa mefuta e itseng ea liteko skeletal mali ka litaelo tse tla ho abelwa feela litšobotsi tse.

Ka mohlala, haeba mokuli o tletleba ka mathata a sebete, o lokela ho nka mali bilirubin (palo yohle), le protheine palo yohle, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, ea gamma-GTP, C-arabelang protheine, alkaline phosphatase.

Ha ngaka babelaelloa hore mokuli o lefu la tsoekere, ho tla etsoa ka diphuputso haholo-holo skeletal ka tsoekere (tsoekere) e le hore a netefatse kapa hanyetsa ka khopolo.

Bakuli kaofela fapaneng le ea nang le phihlelo ngaka, haeba ho na le ke matšoao a e tobileng ea lefu lena, e tla se ke ba sebelisa chelete ea ho ba le mamello le sepetlele mehlodi ya lefeela. Ka mor'a makhetlo a 'maloa selemo feela ho qeta feletseng akaretsang and analysis mali, ho se na bopaki bo teng, ho ke ke ha hlokahala.

Complete count ya mali

Kahoo nazyvaaetsya mefuta teko ea mali tse se lokela ho etsoa feela ka e mala letho (ho sa tsotellehe hore ka monoana o tla nka mali kapa methapong).

Kajeno ho lekanya tshebetso thutong ena o atlehe ka tsela e iketsang ho analyzers khethehileng hematology.

The entsprechen o ka sehloohong oa and analysis litleleniki tsa mali tse:

• Haemoglobin - erythrocyte motsoako, e leng fetisa ho lisele tse le makala a oksijene. Fokotsa palo ea haemoglobin etsa hore lisele hypoxia. Le ntho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa basali - 120-140 g, / k, ka ba batona - 135-160 dikgerama / litha e le nngwe.
• Leukocytes (nomoro ya). Leukocytes - lisele tsa mali bao ka sehloohong mosebetsi - sireletsa antigens likokoana-hloko tse, lisele tse hlahala. OK: (4 - 9) * 10 ⁹ / k.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation sekhahla - e pontshi tsa bolwetse 'meleng. Ka basali, le ntho e tloaelehileng ke ho fihlela ho 12 limilimithara / hora, banna ba - ho fihlela ho 8 limilimithara / ka lebelo;
• Hematocrit - lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. Ha hematocrit e ntse e eketseha, ho ka etsahala ho nka ho ba teng ha erythrocytosis kapa kankere ea mali. Ha downgraded - khaello ea mali, overhydration, ho ima. Le ntho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa basali - 0,360-0,460 k / k ka banna 0,400-0,480 k / k;
• Erythrocytes (nomoro ya). Eketseha ka palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali a ka 'na a bontša clots mali, lihlahala, mafu a liphio. A fokotseha - tahlehelo ea mali, khaello ea mali, ho ima, joalo-joalo The sekhahla bakeng sa banna (4-5,15) x 10 ¹² L basali -. (3.7-4.7) Tiket 10 ¹² k.

Ke eng hape e ka bontša hore teko ea mali

E le ho araba potso e reng, eng le liteko tsa mali, e mong lokela ho qala ka ho utloisisa seo mali le seo ha ke e hloka.

Mali - e le 'mele lesela, e bopilweng ka ba lero la mali (e mokelikeli) le lisele tse (leucocytes, erythrocytes le liplatelete). Ho o potoloha ka methapo ea mali le tlasa pelehi ba pelo le nourishes makala 'ohle a' mele oa motho.

Mali ho hlokahala hore motho a ho:

• Ho fetisetsa carbon dioxide e tsoang ho lisele tse ho matšoafong, 'me oksijene - morao.
• Lopolla ho lisele tsa lisele tse limatlafatsi.
• Ho laola mocheso oa 'mele.
• Qetella litšila le lintho tse kotsi ho liphio le bonolo bakeng sa ho felisa morago ga moo e le 'mele.
• Le phetiso hormone tlama hammoho tsamaiso ea tsohle lekala;
• Etsa bonnete ba tshireletso ya 'mele.
• Ho etsa bonnete ba mantsoe a tsoanang ka hare ho 'mele.
• Netefatsa mosebetsing oa 'mele, ho ba fa khatello ea kelello ka pelong.

Kahoo, re utloisisa hore mali a ka fana ka ho phahama ho mathata a mangata 'meleng: ha ho tlōla ka mosebetsi oa e mong le e ba litsamaiso, e mong le e lekala la' mele oa motho. Ho ke ke ho hlokahala feela ka nako ho nka teko ea mali, ngaka e tla khetha mefuta e, 'me ho rarolla selotho ena.

thyroid li-hormone

Hona joale, hoo e ka bang mong le e mong moahi ea bohlano ea naha ea rōna e moholo, o ka fumana ba bang ba mefokolo ea le irregularities ka thyroid tsoelesa e. Ha ngaka tlhahlobo babelaelloa liphetoho li ne li tla romela mokuli ho ultrasound maemong (US) hlahloba thyroid tsoelesa, hammoho le e le teko ea mali bakeng sa TSH (thyroid-Stimulating Hormone ka palo). Mora malfunctions tsohle tsa 'mele oa etella pele ho kgaolela basadi thari, libido maloetse, mathata a amanang le mosebetsi oa kelello, ka lebelo le boima nakong efe kapa efe tshwaetso le ho ruruha ka' mele.

Bontšang bakeng sa monehelo mali ka ka tjhelete e ya thyroid li-hormone

Ba ke tse latelang:

• Phelang sebakeng se ka a iodine khaello khethollotse.
• Ka mor'a ho buuoa leha e le efe.
• Haeba u na le mathata a ka conceiving le jereng ngoana.
• Ha o sebelisa mekhoa hormonal ea tšireletso khahlanong le ho ima (taolo TTG hang ka selemo).

Ha ditlolo pele khetholloa ea tšoelesa ea senya, hobane tlhokomelo tsela ea lefu le tlhopho ya lithethefatsi.

Tsela e sa tloaelehang ka ho and analysis ena ka ho bua ka litaba tse kang:

• Hypothyroidism (tlaase thyroid mosebetsi).
• Hyperthyroidism (eketsehileng mosebetsi wa ea tšoelesa ea senya e).

Nako tsejoa bopengwi hanyenyane ho tloha le ntho e tloaelehileng amenable ho khalemelo e metle ea lithethefatsi, le tebileng 'me ho elella bofelong ba bonoa ba lefu ka' na hloka kalafo ho buoa. Ha e bontša mamello ka holimo ho tloaelehile thyroid-Stimulating hormone, e tlamang le beha hore e ultrasound maemong a thyroid tsoelesa e le ho ka etsahala hore bophelo bohle hormona Phetolo phekolo.

Norma litsupa ya thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Ho hlakisa ba tepelletse maikutlong le go baya leitlho ya e le hantle lefu laela qaqileng mali teko bakeng sa TSH, e kenyeletsang:

• Free T3 (hormone hore ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa phapanyetsano oksijene). Norm - 2,6-5,7 pmol / L.
• Free T4 (li-hormone le boikarabelo ba ho metabolism protheine). Normal - 9-22 mmol / k.
• Lisireletsi ho protheine thyroglobulin (ho qoba autoimmune mafu oona tsamaisong). Normal - ho diyuniti 18 / ml tse ..

Ho bohlokoa pele ho bokella mali TSH hormone lahla kenoa joala, lithibela-pelehi hormonal le lithethefatsi tse ling tse nang le li-hormone. Ho boetse hoa hlokahala hore a fokotse ho ikoetlisa 'me ba tela le letsatsi la ho noa.

mali hoama

Hoa etsahala hore le rerile ho hlahloba ka tsa bongaka kapa ka nako eo and analysis senotsoeng ka phoso boo mali segokanyipalo. Ha tlōlo e ile ha fumanoa nakong ea tshekatsheka skeletal, e phekolang e tla fana ka tataiso ho and analysis eketsehileng ka coagulation mali. U bitsa saense ho hopola - koaugologramma.

Ho boetse ho na le sesupo bakeng sa and analysis ke tsena:

• Lipontšo tsa mali ka nako e telele, ho longoa, esita le ho tloha mochine nyenyane.
• Tshebetso hlahlamang.
• Mafu a ya lijana pelo, sebete, ea mali.
• Ho ima.
• Theolela sireletsehile maloetseng ana.

Ho hlahloba coagulation ho akarelletsa sete e khōlō ea litsupa:

pontshi	ntho e tloaelehileng
prothrombin-index	metsotsoana e 12-20.
APTT	metsotsoana e 38-55.
lero la mali fibrinogen	2.0-3.5 g, / k
thrombin nako	metsotsoana 11-17,8.
lero la mali recalcification	metsotsoana 60-120.
Mamello ho heparin	3-11 mets
Hula mantsoe a clot mali	ho tloha 44% ho 65%

Haeba motho a se a khetheloa ho sekaseka mali hoama, lebitso la eo a neng a ke ke hopola. E mong le e le mamello fumana sebakeng khethehileng moo le tla fuoa nako eo, lebitso la lipatlisiso le ditlhoko hlokahala bakeng sa ho kenya tshebetsong lona, ho itšetlehile ka tepelletse maikutlong le reretsoe:

• Fingerstick lihlahisoa terata boitsebiso bakeng sa capillary mali hoama sekasekale.
• Terata ya methapong ea lintho tse bonahalang ho hlahisa venous mali tlhatlhobo.

and analysis ena, joaloka ba bang ba bangata, u lokela ho nka ka mpeng letho.

Analysis hormone e motšehali

Good hormone - boemo bo bohlokoa bakeng sa tshebetso e tlwaelehileng ya phelang eohle. E ne e le eena ea ileng a itšetlehile ka ho robala tloaelehileng, boiketlo, e leng bokhoni ba ho mosebetsi oa matsoho. Ho ithuta hormonal semelo sa ho hlokahala hore basali ba nang le matšoao a latelang:

• Lefu la ho hlobaela.
• nona kapa ho lahleheloa ke matla boima.
• Disruptions ho ea matsatsing.
• Teneha.

Ha e imbalance ka maemo hormonal ka basali ho ntshetsa pele ka ho ya ka mathata a bophelo bo botle ba tsamaiso ea ho hlahisa bana (ho akarelletsa le fibroids, cysts, polycystic), disruptions ho tlameletswe dikelellong, botenya / emaciation, boo kapa qetello ea menses, ho kgaolela basadi thari, e motona kgolo ya paterone ke moriri ka 'mele le ho feta.

Kahoo, teko ea mali bakeng sa li-hormone e motšehali e kenyeletsa:

• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone.
• Prolactin.
• Luteinizing Hormone.
• Estriol.
• Progesterone.
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone.
• DHEA-sulfate.

Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore boemo ba li-hormone tse ngata fapana haholo, ho itšetlehile ka ho ba sethaleng sa potoloho, kahoo u lokela ho ka hloko latela litaelo tsa ngaka pele monehelo mali. and analysis efe kapa efe ka li-hormone kamehla feta ka mpeng ea lefeela, lihora 1-2 ka mor'a kolamusa.

hormone ho kopanela liphate e motona

• Testosterone.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.

Analysis tsa li-hormone ho kopanela liphate e motona ka abeloa ho ea banna le basali. The ntho e ke hore Androgens ba na le boikarabelo ka koloi ya (libido) ka basali le banna. Ka ho khetheha, testosterone litšusumetso hape ka sebaceous litsoelesa, mesifa le boko.

Ho hlahloba palo ea androgen, ka bobeli banna le basali ba lula ka letsatsi le letsatsi hoseng ka mpeng letho.