Ammonium letsoai - mekgwa ya ba lokisetsa ho, sebelisa ka moruo ea sechaba

Metsoako lik'hemik'hale tsa NH4 + bontša ka boeona e ka singly qosoa positive, a alkali ealogy tšepe. Ha sebelisana le anions ya dintho asiti di thehoa bonaletsang sebopeho, c - Salt Ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, e akarelletsa ho ea anion acid e le sehlopha se le ammonium.

Ammonium matsoai a fumana nakong e neutralization itšoara joang, eo le hlaha ka nako ya itsoara joang ka ea ammonia le asiti e.

ammonium matsoai, tse kang, ho molao-motheo, ho fetisisa ea tšepe a alkali le ka dissociate (aroha cations le anions) ka tharollo ea metsi ka ions ho: letsoai ammonium, joalokaha a alkali tšepe letsoai dissociate ka ions:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Nakong ea futhumatsang, ammonium letsoai ommeng li bole ka ammonia le asiti; Tshebetso ena o bitsoa mogote dissociation.

The acid e thehoa (mohlala, acid e hydrochloric) hammoho NH3 pshang le holim 'a tsidifatso tlama le ammonia le letsoai le e ka fumana. E lokela ho ile a bolela hore ho ka etsahala le tshebetso e reversible li bole kapele:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Kahoo, chloride ammonium sublimes ha halefile, empa ka mor'a nako e itseng ka holim'a phaephe hape bonahala barbotage tšoeu tsa chloride ammonium. Ka lebaka leo, sebopeho sa letsoai bao e seng hloka botsitso acid e, mohlala, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes nakong futhumatsang feela NH3, le asiti ea sala. Tshebetso ena o bitsoa etsolloa li bole kapele '.

matsoai All ammonium ba habonolo bole ke alkalis (ka futhumatsang) ho lokolla ammonia:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

itsoara joang ka sena e sebediswa bakeng sa ho ba bonoa ba manyolo ka foromo e ammonium ea naetrojene.

Ka itšoara joang ea carbonate ammonium le matsoai le acid manyolo lokolloa carbon dioxide. Ka itšoara joang ea sulfate ammonium kapa chloride le AgNO3 kapa BaCl thehoa precipitates bath 'mala o mosoeu.

Ammonium letsoai: Mehlala

matsoai ammonium ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka temo. Sena ke e lintho tse bonahalang e babatsehang bakeng sa dimela matsoai fepa (mohlala, ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Joalokaha ho tsebahalang dimela naetrojene li ka e monyang feela ka foromo tlamelletsoe (NO3, NH4). Ka lebaka leo, metsoako ea naetrojene ke e atlehang haholo. Le ea bohlokoa haholo ke nitrate ammonium eo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- naetrojene.

Le ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, e tsejoang tlas'a mabitso a 'mapa NH4H2P04 le diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 na le likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse peli tsa semela phepo e nepahetseng - ea naetrojene le phosphorus. Ammonium letsoai kenyelelitsoe menontsha ho e tsoakiloeng.

Ha ammonia a leka ho le k'habone oxide e (IV) ile tsa maiketsetso urea kapa urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium chloride (NH4C1) kapa chloride ammonium sebelisoa liseleng motlakase ya, ka ho daea le sittsepechatanii, tinning le kulo. Ho buisana le tšepe e chesang, ammonia e bole ka chloride hydrogen le ammonia. asiti Hydrochloric a leka ho le oxide e, e silafatse tšepe holim, moo letsoai hloka botsitso e thehoa.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore e le hore holim'a metsi hloekisa hantle khomarela solder. NH4NO3 (nitrate ammonium) hammoho le k'habone le aluminium letsoai e leng karolo ea ho phatloha ya - ammonal. metsoako tsena li sebelisoa tsoelo-pele ea majoe. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) li atisa ho sebelisoa ka lijo le confectionery indasteri. komponeng ona o boetse o sebelisoa e le senyeha ho mefuta e fapaneng ya fepa ka. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi na thepa e re thusang hore potlakisa ripening.

Ya boleng itsoara joang ka letsoai ammonium. Ha halefile, letsoai le ammonium thehoa le tharollo a alkali tsa hydroxide ammonium, eo e khomaretse le ho lokolloa ha ammonia.

Ho ba teng ha ammonia ka lekanyetsoa ke monko o itseng le ka litsupa mala pampiri. Bakeng sa ho phetha itsoara joang ka hona ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho nka 1,0 cm3 ammonium letsoai tharollo eketsa 0.5 cm3 tharollo ea hydroxide sodium le mocheso. Nakong ea tsamaiso e futhumatsang, ammonia e lokolloa, monko o bath Ho thehoa, bofubelu ke 'mala o moputsoa litmus.