Akkerman Qhobosheane. Tlhaloso, histori, lifoto

Akkerman qhobosheane har'a liqhobosheane tsa Europe Bochabela ae phethang sebaka khethehileng. Huge bastion litora fetela ho Dniester estuary, bohareng ba toropo mathoasong a sa khale oa Tyre, o ile a theha ba boholo-holo ke Bagerike. Lilemo tse sekete fortification ho sireletsa baahi ho tloha litlhaselo tsa lira.

ke moo Akkerman qhobosheane

Bahahlauli ba phomolong ka Odessa le plesieroorde haufi (ka Zatoka, Carolina Bugaz, Ilyichevsk), ka sebele ba utloa ka excursions ka Ackerman. baeti ba bangata ha ba hlokomele hore ka hare ho Leoatle le Letšo masabasabeng tlaboloa ke letsatsi le chaba qhobosheane moholo oa Ukraine sebakeng sa hectars 9. Maikutlo ea ho bona liqhobosheane khale ka ho sa feleng ka ho ya memori le lipelong tsa baeti.

Akkerman Qhobosheane e teng karolong e bohareng ea toropong 57000th bitsoa Belgorod-Dniester. Kajeno ke se khutsitseng lebatowa le setsi sa Odessa sebakeng, 'me hang - toropo khale ka ho fetisisa Europe, eo e thehiloe ke ralikolone tloha Miletase Segerike mohlomong ka BC VI lekholong la lilemo la. e. Bobeli setsing lebitso selumisoa le lebitso la motse - Belgorod-Dniester (Belgorod) qhobosheane.

kaho

Maqiti bohlokoa maemo a ka le mateano a litsela tsa litsela tsa khoebo ea isang ka hare ho naha ka linōka Danube, Dniester le Dnieper, ba hloka tšireletso ea ho tswa ho encroachments baahelani qothisana lehlokoa le eena. Emisoa bakeng sa liqhobosheane ena ea boholo-holo hore e-ba teng pele ho lilemo tsa bo-XII, bolokoe ka lingoathoana. Ka 60 bang likarolo di bula (potoloha tora mabota) hahoa qetellong ea V lekholong la lilemo la BC. e. Karolo ea tsamaiso fortification e ile ea tsosolosoa 'me a sebelisa ka makhetlo a Roma ka citadel, moo e le setsi sa mabotho a Roma a ile hona teng.

Ka mor'a hore la tšoasoa ea motse ea Golden Horde lebotho la Akkerman qhobosheane ile raloa. Qhobosheane History e qala lilemong tsa bo-XIII, ha Berke Khan qadile kaho ea citadel, e leng ile ea e-ba pelong ea liqhobosheane e pharaletse. mosebetsi ho ne ho etsoa ka bang peli makholo a lilemo, e leng nakong eo nako eo basireletsi ha feela lokela ho kopana le baeti sa lebelloang.

histori Early: XIII-XV lekholong la lilemo la

Qalong e hahiloeng hira Genoese enterprising, ea ileng a sebelisa e le tsela e sireletsehileng setsi sa khoebo transshipment le poloko ea thepa. Ka mor'a nakoana, Leha ho le joalo, Bessarabia fetile tlas'a taolo e ka tlhōrō ea principality Moldavia.

Le Genoese, le Moldovans matlafatsa fortification, e ile ea fihla ka boholo bohlokoa. The Citadel ne a le matla ka ho lekaneng ho mamella ho thibelloa ha ba bararo ba matla Ottoman Muso. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1484 Ackerman oela, empa e se ka lebaka la litalenta tsa balaoli Turkish, 'me ka lebaka la ho eka ho (hangata etsahetseng) bahlomphehi le banna ba baholo ba motse.

histori hamorao: XVI-XXI lekholong la lilemo la

Bakeng sa Ottoman Akkerman qhobosheane ea e-ba qhobosheane ea bohlokoa ka leboea. O ile a pheta-pheta lika-liketse e Cossacks, lipalo, likhosana Moldavia. Thick mabota ile a khaotsa ho hlolisanang bakeng sa letlotlo la motse. Lilemong tsa bo-XVIII, ka e le nako ea lintoa tse tharo Serussia Turkish, boemo bo fetohile. Kaha lahlehileng boholo Ottomans o ile a kopana ka sefahleho sa Russia Empire sa lireng tebileng. Ka 1770, ka lekhetlo la pele ka lilemo tse 328 ho citadel oela tlas'a khatello ea lihlopha tsa masole a General OA Igelstroma. Ka 1774, motse oo o ile a tlameha ho khutlela ho Maturkey. Ka nako e 'ngoe commandant Ackerman ne M. I. Kutuzov. Qetellong Bessarabia sebakeng tla ho Russia ka 1812. 1832 ea e-ba citadel qetela ka setsing sesole.

Pele World Ntoa le phetoho e khōlō e ileng ea latela ka Russia hang hape redrew 'mapa oa Europe. Ka 1918 Moldova le Transnistria Lower ba ile ba fallela le 'Muso oa Romania. Ka 1940, Soviet Union e hapa sebaka seo ho ka 1941-1944. E ne e le ka mosebetsi oa Jeremane le Soviet tsa Romania. Ka mor'a ho oa ha USSR Belgorod-Dniester lula Rephabliking ea Ukraine.

Akkerman Qhobosheane: Tlhaloso

Matlafatsang ke rarahaneng ea meaho le tsamaiso e rarahaneng itšireletsa. mabota External otlolla bakeng sa 2,5 km SE le kenyeletsa sebakeng se hektare ka 9. Ka likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa tora ba beha: e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba moroetsana (Ovid), Molula-Qhooa, Pushkin. La 34 ba ileng ba pholoha litora 26. Bophahamo liqhobosheane ranges ho tloha limithara tse 5 ho ea ho 15, e botenya - tsa limithara tse 1.5-5.

Karolo ea qhobosheane e eang estuary, e leng ke lekhalo la tlhaho. Ea tsoang naheng e pota-potiloe ke e tsotehang lerako la foro ena. Esita le ka mor'a lilemo tse makholo, ho fihla ka botebo ba limithara tse 14. Courtyard arotsoe likarolo: a moruo (kantle), lehae le trims. The, partitions ho qetela tse peli tsa theoha leboteng ka hare. Mamosleme e ile ea thehoa ka sebakeng seo ea lehae haufi (a sireletsa karolo ea minaret)

qhobosheane

Karolong e hōle-hōle ea Qhobosheane, mabōpong tsa Dniester nōkeng, e hlaha karolong e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho fetisisa le se etselitsoeng qhobosheane ea qhobosheaneng - the citadel. Hang ho ile ha etsoa moqhaka le litora tse 'nè:

• Letlotlo trove.
• Lekhotla.
• Commandant.
• Sekoting sa chankana.

Letlotlo Tower oa oa, empa ha ho na tlase hlollang shebahala Akkerman qhobosheane. Dithonamenteng tšoareloa marako a qhobosheane, bo phatsimang pharalla le ea tlhaho. Knights morao-rao bakeng sa boithabiso ba baahi ba Belgorod-Dniester le bahahlauli converge ka "ea ntoeng", joaloka baholo-holo ba bona.

boemo jwale

Ka bomalimabe, Akkerman qhobosheane butle-butle timetsoa. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore e thehiloe e le lejoe la mokoetla letlapa botenya ba limithara tse 5 feela. metsi Estuary oa tlosa ho metheo, khoholeho ea mobu thusa hore ho ho timetsoa ha majoe - mehahong ea hlokang ea tsosoloso akaretsang theko e boima.

Ditsebi a re: le deformation ea likarolong tse ling tsa qhobosheane e fihla ntlha mahlonoko. Ka nako efe kapa efe, mabota le litora e ka felisoa. Ka lebaka la polokeho, libakeng tse ngata ba koaloa ho sechaba. Ha e le hantle, ho tloha kahong ea fortification kholo hakaalo ho e sa e tsosolositsoeng, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore maemo a ile a sireletsa Sepheo meralo Ackerman fumaneng lilemong tsa bo-XIX.

ho etsa lipatlisiso ba lintho tse epolotsoeng

The epolloa Thira ea boholo-holo o ile a qala ho elella lekholong la lilemo la XIX. lithako tsa lona "phomola" hantle ka marako. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho fumana:

• dikarolo New ea tsamaiso ea liqhobosheane (karolong e leboea-bophirimela le e tora, teng karolong e ka boroa ea ho epolloa ho).
• Bagerike meaho bolulo.
• Kahong ea mathuleng a 'Muso oa Roma.
• Morao Antique ntlo le thepa ea mohaho ka apse lilemo tse makholo V-XI.

Liphuputso li bontšitse hore ho Late Antique nako, Tyre ne a ntse a ba le pono ea motse oa boholo-holo 'me mohlomong a' na a mo mathoasong mehleng e bohareng nako. Kahoo, ho ke sefika kholo ka ho fetisisa ea histori ea boholo-holo le mehleng e bohareng tsa Ukraine.

Lilemong tse 1919-1922 ho Seromania archaeologists sibolla hare qhobosheane lerako la tšireletso ea nako ea boholo-holo 'me e Bohareng. Ka mor'a hore ntoa ea bobeli ea World nomoro ea maeto ea Institute of Archaeology ea USSR Academy of Sciences ho sibolloa ka sebakeng prikrepostnoy, bochabela oa heke e khōlō, ba bang ba ba le likamore tsa meaho IV-II le makholo a lilemo BC. e. le II-III lekholong la lilemo la BC. e., teng ka lehlakoreng selomong oa estuary ena. Ena ke seterata le lesenke hore ke ea nako ea Roma (Ke Cross), mesaletsa ea mehaho ea Golden le mehahong indasteri e le nako ea boholo-holo le mehleng e bohareng. Khanna epolloa ka qhobosheane ea.

Akkerman Qhobosheane, e thehiloeng litšobotsi tsa kaho lona e ke ke ea e hahiloeng ka sethaleng 'ngoe, e leng ile sa etsa hore ho nkuwa le hore kaho ea citadel nakong ho ba teng ha ho Genoese mona. Bafuputsi ba bang ba, e thehiloeng mathoasong a mehloli mehleng e bohareng e ngotsweng, a lumela hore sebaka ne Tyra Maslav Belgorod, e pele ho eena ba motse oa Khauta. mehloli e ka ho eketsehileng le ngotsoeng, ba itšetleha ka thepa e itseng ea sebele fumana nakong epolloa, empa lera kaho le litlhaka kahare nako le makholo a lilemo V-XII ne lemoha.

Tlase le dikarolo mehleng e bohareng ratana ho tloha lilemong tse makholo tse XIII-XV, e ne e ka ho toba boholo-holo. Tsa morao-rao ka ho fetisisa tsena ho ne ho nkoa Late Antique (ho qetela kotara ea IV ka.). Ho itšetlehile ka se matla lera makhetlo a Roma (III c.). Tsohle libaka kahong ea nako Roma tse hlahisoang bolulo le setjhaba thepa ea mohaho (veksilyatsii) mehahong, literata, mehaho merero ho hlahisoeng (hill).

bohahlauli

Ackerman ke lehakoe meralo ea Odessa sebakeng. lik'hamphani tse ngata ho hlophisa maeto a bona libaka letsatsi ho tloha Odessa le plesieroorde boahelani. Ba makholo ba bahahlauli phallela letsatsi ho Belgodod-Dnistrovka, moo sa hohela ke qhobosheane ea Akkerman. Theko ea leeto la ke ka ho lekaneng demokrasi, tekete litšenyehelo 40 hryvnia (nako ka 2015). Leha ho le joalo, baeti ba bangata ba tletleba ka thibelo etela libakeng qomatsi le tsa dibopeho tsa motheo insufficiently pele.

Batla ho bona bakeng sa hao seo ka Akkerman qhobosheane? Mokhoa oa ho fumana ho na le, re tla:

• mekhatlo tsamaisa leeto hlophisa excursions;
• banamedi terene (literene) "Odessa - Belgorod-Dniester";
• bese ho tsamaisa - sebetsa litsela kamehla ho tloha Ilyichevsk, Odessa le libakeng tse hotel;
• taxis;
• tsamaisa bona.

From Odessa ka Ackerman ke tsela feela ka Budakskuyu sekele e telele ka Dniester estuary. Distance - ka 75 km SE.

Ho sa tsotellehe ho hlokomolohuoa sa rarahaneng ka, Akkerman qhobosheane ntse tsotehang e khōlō litekanyo, histori ruileng le liketsahalo setso. Tloo, u ke ke ua ikoahlaela!