US chelete: liranta pampiri le lichelete tsa tšepe

Kajeno ya dollar ke chelete e ratoang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara. unit trust ena chelete e tsebahalang hohle. Mofuta ofe chelete United States ea hona joale? Ba ile ba tsoa hokae?

Histori ea ketsahalo

Kaofela qala ka Thaler, kapa ho ena le "yoahimstalerov". Hore e ne e le lebitso la lichelete tsa tšepe tsa silevera tse tsoang ho toropo ka la Jáchymov (morao-rao Czech Republic). lebitso la ka potlako nka Swedes, British, Hollanti, Mataliana, Flemings, ho fetola molumo ka tsela ea hae. Kahoo, ya dollar ho British bokolone Amerika qalong bitsoa chelete ea tšepe Sepanishe. Ka lichelete ho intša USD ne ho etsoa tsebiso ka 1785.

Pampiri chelete ka mokgwa wa litlamo hlaha ho feta ka Massachusetts ka 1690. Re-a lokolloa bona ka 1703, 'me lilemo tse' maloa hamorao pampiri chelete hasana ho pholletsa le United States. Nakong ea ntoa ea ho ba le bolokolohi esita bonahala "Continental ya dollar," e leng leleka tsa ajoa lichelete tsa tšepe tsa tšepe.

Bothata e ka sehloohong ea chelete joalo e ne e le depreciation bona ka potlako. Se ke 1781 chelete e depreciated ke ba ka bang 40 linako tse ling. Lilemo tse tšeletseng hamorao ho ile ha latela molao ka qobelloang matlafatso ea chelete pampiri ka khauta kapa silevera. Ka 1792 ho na le ba ne ba pele minted US chelete ea tšepe.

historing ea kajeno

Ho sa tsotellehe mehato yohle e entsweng ka 'Muso, e leng chelete Amerika ha se tsitsitseng le e tloaelehileng. Ka hona, ka 1861, ho na le chelete e le 'ngoe, e leng e behiloeng tlhokomelong ea ka khatiso ea American Banka Hlokomela Co. E ntshitsweng lintlha ka malumeli ea 5, 10, 20 liranta ne tala me hang-hang e ile ea tsejoa e le "greenbacks".

Ka 1913, US tjhelete ya hlahiswa ho khethehileng bōpileng ka morero ona ho Federal Reserve Banks. Ka lilemo tse ngata, ya dollar ho hlokomelwa botsitso. O ile a qobelloa ho thekesele ho Hoholo ha Moruo ka 1933. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a hore ntoa ea bobeli ea World, karolo e phethoang ke US lipolotiking lefatše e eketsehile haholo, 'me linaheng tse European qala ho tsamaisoa ka mafolofolo chelete Amerika. Liranta tla kapele ea e-ba chelete e ka sehloohong ea "Europe khale", displacing esita le Pound Sterling.

Ka 1971, ho lefatše pokello chelete e qala ho devalue hape. Hamorao, ha ke le bohato ba pele ha Mopresidente Nixon hlakola khauta ya dollar reinforcements. The chelete US e se e ne e ena le boikanyego itseng, kahoo e devaluation ne ke sa ama boemo ba lona ba lefatše. E ntse e le bekapo.

kajeno ya dollar

Hona joale, ya dollar e nkoa e le ea naha ea United States chelete. Ho phaella moo, esita le ka XIX-XX lekholong la lilemo la e-ba le chelete e seng semmuso tsa linaheng tse ling tse ngata. Ka mohlala, Canada o ile a phatlalatsa chelete lona ea sechaba ka bo-1857. Hona joale chelete eo US o na le boemo ba sechaba El Salvador, Panama, Palau, Bermuda, Marshall, Virgin Islands, Timor Bochabela, 'me joalo-joalo .. Linaheng tse ling, ya dollar ho ho nepahetse sebelisoa ka e tšoanang le chelete ea sechaba, ho etsa mohlala, pele ho ne ho le Zimbabwe.

The Federal Reserve System ileng ba bōptjoa ka 1913, e leng kajeno ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ho lokolloa ha chelete US khatiso. Mekoloto le lichelete tsa tšepe tse hlahisitseng ho latela litlhoko tsa naha, ka nģ'ane ho a fumana ka bang halofo ea chelete e kakaretso ea liranta tse hatisitsoeng. % 1 feela tsa chelete entsoeng ha ho mahala ajoa. karolo eo tau ea banknotes hatisitsoeng ka sepheo sa ho fetola likopi tse tsofetseng.

banknotes

mekoloto tsohle, tse neng di e ntshitsweng ka 1861, a ntse a li nkoa e sebetsang le utloahalang. Pampiri chelete o ile a ntša malumeli tsa 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, liranta 100 US. Ba na le bolokolohi ba ho potoloha ka khutlisetsang.

Ho na le ea lipampiri ka malumeli la 500, 1000, kapa esita le tse 10 000. Empa ba ntse ba oo tlhomelwa tsoa ka lebaka la tšitiso ka sebelisoa. Ka lebaka la sena, litsenyehelo tsa ho ba banknotes joalo ka fantisi e phahame haholo ho feta bohlokoa ba 'ona sefahleho. Banknotes ka malumeli tsa $ 10 000 ka letseno holimonyana feela ho tse 100. Ka 1934, ho Reserve Banka ea United States o ile a ntša bili ba 100 000 liranta Leha ho le joalo, o ile a sebelisa ho feela ditefello tse ka hare ho Federal Reserve System.

Feletseng likoloto tsohle ke boholo tšoanang. boima ba 'mele ea bona e ka 1 mob mobile. Ka 1928 ho ile ha etsoa pele khopolo e akaretsang ea ponahalo ea ya dollar e. Ho tloha ka nako eo, chelete US behoa ka litsoantso la bapresidente le bo-ralipolotiki ba bohlokoa. Ho joalo, ka likoloto bontša pele Letona US ya Finance Hamilton, John Marshall - Molula-setulo oa Lekhotla le Phahameng. Ka banknote ka ya dollar 1 e emeloang ke mopresidente oa pele oa United States Dzhordzh Vashington.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng ho banknotes ea sechaba bontšang matshwaonyana bohlokoa tsa histori ea naha. Ka lehlakoreng le khutlisetsang tsa banknote 1 ya dollar US behoa lepetjo ka sehloohong: "Re Tšepile Molimo" ka bili ka $ 5 ke Lincoln Sehopotso, Lekala la mohaho ona o Finance ho bontšoa 10, le White House - ho liranta 20. Ka ho fetisisa ka seoelo banknote ka ajoa - $ 2, ketso ea ho saena ka Phatlalatso ea ho ipusa oa United States o tšoantšoa lehlakoreng lona khutlisetsang.

lichelete tsa tšepe

E mong le e chelete ea tšepe US, ho itšetlehile ka boleng ba ipolela hore, o na a lona lebitso feela ba tloaelehileng. Hona joale ho na le chelete ea tšepe ka ho ajoa ka ho phesente e 1, tse ka mokgwa o mong o bitsoa "le sente" lisente tse chelete ea tšepe 5 (nikele), lisente tse 10 (eko), 25 lisente tse (kvoter), $ 1 (ya dollar). Ho na le boetse ho na le chelete ea tšepe ea lisente tse 50 tlas'a lebitso "Half." Di hlahiswa ka bongata tse nyenyane, ka go tlhaolega ho babokelli.

US coinage lichelete tsa tšepe nka mints maloa Toropong ea San Francisco, Denver, West Point, New Orleans le Philadelphia. E mong le e ba bona ba makhasi a tšoauoa ka beech British P, S, W, Uena, D.

Pele cheleteng ea tšepe United States ho tloha 1792, minted ka khauta le silevera, ka karo-karolelano ea 1 ho ea ho 15. lichelete tsa tšepe e hakaalo lokela ho ba le ngotsoe mantsoe ana "Bolokolohi" le matšoao tse amanang le khopolo ena. Ka lehlakoreng le khutlisetsang ile a beha ntsu. Hona joale feela lichelete tsa tšepe collectible entsoe ka tšepe ea bohlokoa, e sebediswa bakeng sa ba bang kaofela ba zinki, motsoako nikele le koporo.

Theko e phahameng le ka seoelo lichelete tsa tšepe

Ha e le hantle e 'ngoe ka 1853 halefile ponahalo ea lichelete tsa tšepe ka lisente tse 3, eo e nkoa e sa tloaelehang. Ke ho jwalo boleng e lahlela theko ea e litempeng setempe. Ba ile ba emisa ho lelekisa ka 1889, ke hoo e batlang e ho le thata ho fumana.

Ka 1848 California qala "Khauta Rush", kahoo qeto ea ho lokolla le lecha khauta chelete ea tšepe ea 1 le 20 liranta ka 1849. Ka mor'a hore "ho Hoholo ha Moruo" lichelete tsa tšepe tsa khauta nkiloeng ho tsoa ajoa, 'me theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea bana ba hona joale ho nkoa hore ba $ 20 1933 ea mohlala selemo.

Ka mor'a ho e theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa lichelete tsa tšepe American li nkoa ba le silevera ya dollar ka 1804 khatiso, e leng ba rekisa bakeng sa $ 4 limilione tse, le lisente tse takzhe5 ka 1913, o ile a ntša likopi tse hlano feela (mong le e mong eo hloka ka bang limilione tse 4).