Tsela ea ho haha e airship? ke eng airship? Na re hloka ho lefatše la kajeno?

Airship (ho tloha ka French diriger - «taolo») - ea ho intša propelled fofang, mochini, bobebe ho feta moea. lipale hae le litsela tsa ho haha sefofane sena, re tla hlalosa hamorao sehloohong sena.

likarolo mehaho

Ho na le mefuta e meraro e ka sehloohong ea airships: bonolo, seka-thata le ba sa tenyetseheng. Kaofela ha bona ba akarelletsa ho likarolo tse'nè tse khōlō:

• khetla zolo kapa balune tlala khase eo segokanyipalo e ka tlase ho segokanyipalo a moea;
• cockpit kapa ntle gondola emisitswe tlas'a khetla, eo e neng e tsamaisa batho basesisi ba sekepe le bapalami;
• Motors khanna ka masokoana;
• tshekaletseng le paatsepama rudders ho thusa ikarola ka ho feletseng le airship.

ke eng blimp? Sena terakeng balune khomaretse tlhokeng dessyecik liropo. Ha ho lokolloa khase, khetla tla lahleheloa ke sebopeho lona.

Seka-thata airship (photo photo photo photo e fanoeng sehloohong se) e boetse ke itšetlehile ka khatello ea ka hare, e leng lula sebopeho lona, empa o ntse o na le tšepe mehaho keel eo fetela longitudinally hammoho e le setsi sa balune le tshehetsa terakeng.

airships thata li entsoe ka foreimi bobebe entsoe ka motsoako aluminium, koahetsoeng ka lesela. Ba ha ba tiisitsoe. Ka hare sebopeho sena libalune tse 'maloa, e mong le e tsa e leng e ka thoko ho tlala khase. Lifofane tsa mofuta ona a boloke sebopeho lona ho sa natswe tekanyo e oa botlalo ba diselennere.

Eo likhase tse sebelisoang?

Ka tloaelo ho sebelisoa airships bakeng sa ho phahamisa hydrogen le helium. Haedrojene ke khase e bobebe tsebahalang le, kahoo, ho na le bokhoni ba kgolo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke haholo chang, eo e neng e le sesosa sa soahlamana ngata bolaeang. Helium ha ho joalo ho le bonolo, empa ho ke ke e sireletsehileng haholo hobane ba ne ba u se ke ua cha.

Khase containment mathoasong a airship diselennere entsoe ka lesela k'hothone tse tsetsoeng moriana le rabara, e neng e ile ea qetella e nkela ka masela a maiketsetso a kang poliester le Neoprene.

History ea pōpo

Pele le atlehileng. airship e ile ea hahoa ka 1852 Fora ke Henri Giffard. A ba bōpa e le 160-ponto mouoane enjene ea nang le bokhoni hore ba be le 3-litha e le nngwe bokgoni. E leq., e neng e ka ho lekaneng hore ba khanne ka masokoana le leholo le ile liphetohelo 110 ka motsotso. E le hore a phahamise Boima ba dimela matla, ho tlatsa ka 44-mithara le balune hydrogen e, ho qala ho tloha Paris racetrack sefofane ka lebelo la 10 km SE / H, pshatloa hole ba ka bang 30 km SE.

Ka 1872, moenjiniere Jeremane Paul Haenlyayn pele hlomamisa 'me a sebelisa ka airship hare enjene combustion e, e leng o ile a sebeletsa bakeng sa khase mafura tloha silindara sa.

Ka 1883, ho French Albert le Gaston Tissandier pele ka katleho laoloa ka balune, e leng e le khannoang ke e dilenaneo motlakase.

Pele ba sa tenyetseheng airship ka aluminium lakane matlo e ile ea hahoa Jeremane ka 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, letsoalloa la Brazil ea neng a lula Paris, o thehile 'maloa tsa direkoto ka letoto la lihlooho tse hahiloeng ho tloha ka 1898 ho 1905, 14 bao e seng thata airship tsamaisoa ke dienjini combustion e ka hare.

Count av Zeppelin

O atlehileng ka ho fetisisa opareitara e thata balune le enjene e ne e le Jeremane Ferdinand Graf av Zeppelin, ea ileng a haha ka 1900, airship sa eona sa pele. ke LZ-1 eng? Luftschiff Zeppelin, kapa lifofane Zeppelin - ke sekepe thata ka botsebi le e-ba bolelele ba 128 limithara le bophara ba 11,6 limithara, e neng e entsoe ka ho foreime aluminium entsoeng ka libalaka longitudinal 24 amana ka mehele ho parola 16 le ba susumetsoa ke Motors tse peli, le matla a 16 k. e.

lifofane le ka fihla lebelo ho fihlela ho 32 km SE / H. Earl a tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa moralo nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa, ha ba bangata ba airships hae (tse bitsoang zeppelins) ba 'nile ba sebelisoa ho bombard Paris le London. Lifofane tsa mofuta ona le boetse le sebelisoa ho entseng selekane le nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea Lefatše, haholo-holo bakeng sa paterolang-ba khahlanong le sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie.

Ka 20s le 30s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, Europe le United States ba tsoela pele ho haha airships. Ka July 1919, British lifofane R-34 habeli entse sefofane transatlantic.

Tlhōlo ea North Pole

Ka 1926, Italy seka-thata airship (photo photo photo photo fanoeng sehloohong se) "Norway" e se e atlehile ho sebelisoa Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth le Umberto Nobile Kakaretso ho ithuta North Pole. The leeto le latelang ka mong airship, a eteletsoeng pele ke Umberto Nobile.

Ka palo yohle, ho e rerile ho etsa 5 baratos, empa airship, se hahiloeng ka 1924, se ile sa soahlamana ka 1928. The tshebetso lokela ho khutlisetsa bafuputsi ba Polar nka matsatsi a fetang 49, e leng nakong eo a bolaoe 9 pholoso, ho akarelletsa le Amundsen.

Ka airship ae bitsa 1924? Bone Air Transport Series N, entsoe ke fektheri le Umberto Nobile Roma, o ne a bitsoa "Italy".

le heyday

Ka 1928, Jeremane balloonist Hugo Eckener hahile airship "Graf Zeppelin". Pele ho decommissioning, lilemo tse robong hamorao, o ile a etsa 590 lifofane, ho akarelletsa le ea 144 litemana transoceanic. Ka 1936, Jeremane qala kamehla transatlantic mopalami ka "Hindenburg".

Ho sa tsotellehe seo a se finyeletseng tsena, qetellong ea 1930s airships lefatše hoo e batlang e khaotsa ho hlahisa lebaka la theko bona tse phahameng, tlaase lebelo, hammoho e le kotsing ea boemo ba leholimo bo le befileng. Ho phaella moo, letoto la likotsi, e tummeng ka ho fetisisa eo - tlala phatloha hydrogen "Hindenburg" ka 1937, hammoho le tsoelo-pele e ka lifofane tse 30 le 40 e. entse mofuta ona wa tsamaisa ba ka mokhoa oa thekiso se felloe ke nako.

thekenoloji tsoela pele

Khase diselennere tsa airships ngata mathoasong a entsoe ka seo ho thoeng ke "letlalo zolotoboytsa": guts khomo loana morao, 'me joale a otlolla. Ho ne ho bōptjoa 'ngoe ea lifofane tse hlokahalang likhomo tse makholo a mabeli le mashome a mahlano tse sekete.

Nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa, Jeremane le entseng selekane le sona ile a khaotsa ho hlahisa disoseji, hore ho na le lintho tse bonahalang e lekaneng bakeng sa ho hlahisa airships le eo phethile libomo tsa Engelane. Tsoelo-pele e teng theknolojing lesela, ho akarelletsa le, ka lebaka la ho qaptjoa ka 1839 ho ea rabara vulcanized ke Charles Goodyear American Mohoebi, o ile a etsa hore e phatloha popontshwa ka airship ena. Ka thirties ea pele, US Navy hahoa tse peli "fofang lifofane microcyteme", "Akron" le "Macon", eo vela buloa, ho lokolloa baahisane lifofane likepe F9C Sparrowhawk. likepe li ne li robehile ka mor'a ho thuloa ke sefefo, 'me ho se be le ho bontša bokgoni bona ntoa.

tlaleho ea lefatše ka nako ya sefofane ho ile ha thehoa ka 1937, Balloon "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". E lifofane tšoareloa moea 130 H 27 mets. Cities etetse nakong airship sefofane - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny le Novgorod.

letsatsi le likele balune

Ebe airships nyamela. Ho joalo, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" phatloha fetang Lakehurst New Jersey - ka bolo ea mollo bolaoa 36 bapalami le litho basebetsi. Tlokotsi e ile filimelwa ka filimi, 'me lefatše o ile a bona airship Jeremane phatloha.

hydrogen, le ka moo kotsi e fetohile e hlakileng ho mong le e mong, 'me taba ea hore batho ba ka re susumelletsa hore hamonate tlas'a bokgoni ba khase ena hang-hang e ile ea e sa amoheleheng ke eng. Ka sefofane ea kajeno ea mofuta ona e sebediswa feela ho tse kang helium, e leng batho bao e seng chang. Ka ho eketsehileng ratoa 'me a fetoha litšenyehelo lifofane tse kang phahameng-lebelo "likepe tse fofang" tsa Pan American Lufthansa.

baenjiniere ba morao-rao amehang tseleng eo a entseng lifofane tsa mofuta ona, ba tletleba 'nete ea hore ho fihlela ka 1999, ha e ile ea hatisoa e le pokello ea lihlooho tse buang ka mokhoa oa ho haha e airship bitsoang "airship thekenoloji", feela fumaneha ka buka e baletsweng ne buka ea "lifofane Design" Charles Burgess , e hatisitsoeng ka 1927

tsoelo-pele ea kajeno

Ka hore qetellong, airship bayemi ba tlohetse taba ea mopalami le thepa ho tsamaisa ba tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea, e leng se lekane ho ka tsela e atlehang ho kenya tshebetsong seporo, tseleng le ho tsamaisa leoatle, 'me moo ho sa fihleloeng libakeng tse ngata.

Ho Fumana botsitso pele diporojeke tse di tse seng kae tse joalo. Ka seventies ea, William Miller, eo e neng e le moloaneli motsamaisi sesole sa metsing Fleet New Jersey 'nileng ba ba sekepe moea deltoid sebopeho bitsoa Aereon 26. Empa mokhoa Miller ea fela ka mor'a ea pele teko sefofane. Bōpa e mochine thepa lifofane hlokang le dipeeletso tsa e khōlō, 'me bareki' nang ne ho sa lekana.

Jeremane Cargolifter AG tla ho kaho ea kholo ka ho fetisisa a lefatše a freestanding haha fetang 300 limithara ka bolelele, e leng khamphani rerile ho haha tse kang helium seka tenyetseheng airship laela. Se ho ba pula-maliboho naheng ea aeronautics, ho ile ha hlaka ka 2002, ha khampani e ena le mathata a botekgeniki le dithuso tsa ditjhelete fokolang, filed tšireletso licheleteng. hangar e haufi le Berlin, ho ile hamorao fetoloa e kholo ka ho fetisisa phakeng metsi, 屋内 Europe "e leng sehlekehleke se chesang se mongobo."

Ba lelekisa 'mampoli le

A moloko o mocha oa baenjiniere moralo, tse ling tsa tsona li tšehetsoa ke 'muso bohlokoa le le dipeeletso tsa poraefete, re kholisehile hore, fuoa ba fumaneha ha theknoloji e ncha le thepa e ncha, khampani tla kgona ho rua molemo ka ho sa kaho ea airships. Ka March selemong se fetileng, e US Ntlo ea Baemeli ba hlophisa seboka se inehetseng ho mofuta ona wa tsamaisa moea, sepheo sa ho eo e ne e le ho potlakisa tshebetso ya ho ntshetsopeleng bona.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ntshetsopele ya airships kopanela Aerospace heavyweights Boeing le Northrop Grumman. Russia, Brazil le China e hahileng kapa tse ntseng li hōla moruong prototypes bona. Canada e thehile 'maloa ea merero lifofane, ho akarelletsa le "Ship Solar", e shebileng ka joaloka bloated stealth bomber mata le diphanele letsatsi behoa ka mose ho holimo ea mapheo ho tlala tse kang helium. All ameha peisong ho ba pele le ho monopolize mebaraka ya thepa lipalangoang, e leng e ka lekanyetsoa ka libilione tsa liranta. Jwale, tlhokomelo e huleloa ho diporojeke tse di tse tharo:

• English Airlander 10, Hybrid Air Vehicles Company - jwale le airship khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng;
• LMH-1, khampani "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, ea Lefatše ka Bophara Eros Corp khampani thehilwe bajaki ho tloha Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC balune ka matsoho a bona

Ho hlahloba mathata a ka kaho ea lifofane tsa mofuta ona, ho ka etsahala hore a hahe bana airship. boholo ba eona e nyenyane ho feta ea ea mohlala ofe kapa ofe, e leng se ka rekoa, 'me o na le motswako molemo ka ho fetisisa e nang le botsitso mme maneuverability.

Ho bopa airship nyenyane tla hloka thepa tse latelang:

• Tse tharo tse nyenyane dilenaneo bekha 2,5 g, kapa ka tlaase ho.
• Pico boima ba 2 g, (mohlala, DelTang Rx33, eo, hammoho le likarolo tse ling, ka rekoa mabenkeleng khethehileng online, tse kang Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC kapa Plantraco), tsamaisoa ke e le 'ngoe a ka cell lithium-polymer. Hoa hlokahala ho netefatsa sebeletsana ya enjene sehokedi le tape, kapa hloka hore ho hlokahala hore kulo.
• Fetisang lumellana le metjha e tharo kapa ho feta.
• LiPo-Mah leshala bokgoni ba 70-140 le tjhajeng loketseng. Hore boima palo yohle ha sa feteng 10 g,, leshala tla hloka ho fihlela ho 2,5, le ho feta leshala bokgoni tla fana ka e khōloanyane sefofane nako: ka 125 Mah e ka ba habonolo fihlellwa nako lona ho metsotso e 30.
• The lithapo tlohang leshala ho seamohedi ena.
• Tse tharo tse nyenyane masokoana.
• Carbon molamu (1 limilimithara) le e-ba bolelele ea cm, 30.
• Deprona sengoathoana 10: x 10 cm.
• Cellophane theipi, superglue le dikere.

O hloka ho reka balune entsoe ka sika, a tletse kang helium. tekanyetso loketse kapa mojaro leha e le efe eo ke bonyane 10 D. Ka finyella boima batlang e phaella ka ho re ho tsitsisang sekepe, e leng e tlosoa e le tse kang helium lesoba.

Dikarolo di khomaretse ho theko le theipi sekgomaretsi. Enjene ka pele e sebelisoa ho susumelletsa pele, 'me ka morao beha perpendicular. dilenaneo boraro e haufi le e le setsi sa matla a khoheli 'me e lebisitsoe tlaase. The masokoana o khomaretse e lehlakoreng le leng, e le hore a ka khona ho sutumelletsa ka ba airship. Motors lokela ho lamellar le superglue.

Attaching mohatla stabilizer, ka haholo ntlafatsa mokhatlo oa pele, e le ho phahamisa masokoana khomaretse nyane rotational mokhatlo oa, le mohatla male rotor o matla haholo. E ka etsa hore ba deprona le hokela le theipi.

mokhatlo oa Pele ka Bophelo ka tlameha ho lefisa ho phahama hanyenyane.

Ho phaella moo, airship ka hloma khamera theko e tlaase, ho etsa mohlala, o ile a sebelisa ka fob senotlolo.