Thermoregulation - e ... thermoregulation le metabolism

Thermoregulation - ka mochine e lumellang phelang tse phelang ho boloka ka linako tsohle tikoloho ya ka hare. dithulaganyo ho fetisisa ka 'mele oa motho ho itšetlehile ka mocheso: metabolism, tswakana liprotheine le li-hormone, tshilo ya dijo le mosebetsi dikopanothutano. Ho feta moo, overheating kapa overcooling ka etsa hore ho kula haholo esita le lefu.

mocheso le fihleleha

thermoregulation ke habohlokoa bakeng sa tšebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa batho. The mocheso oa 'mele oa batho ka bophelo bo botle e teng ka e mengata e fapaneng moqotetsane ho tloha 36,0 ho 37,0 Celsius. The fokotseha bohale kapa ho eketsa melemo ya data Hangata bolaeang.

Ka mocheso oa motho fufuleloa haholo. Tahlehelo ea mokelikeli ka mokhoa ona ho etsa hore dehydration, ka linako tse ling matla haholo. Hammoho ebe siea 'mele livithamine le liminerale. Ka lebaka la dehydration mali e ba motenya, ea metabolism. Tahlehelo tloaelehileng ea metsi nakong mofufutso - ho fihlela ho lisente tse tharo ka ba boima ba 'mele palo yohle mele. Ha boleng ena e feta liphesente tse tse tsheletseng mokoallo ama mosebetsi dikopanothutano. Le ho isa lefung haholo mashome a mabeli lekholong. Ho phaella moo, ho na le kotsi e 'ngoe. Nakong ea ho lula nako e telele 'meleng Letsatsi boloka mocheso ho feta ho fana ka ho tikoloho,' me molao oa thermodynamic equilibrium tsa 'mele oa motho ke butle-butle e chesang ho mocheso hore ke ho fihlela ho likhato 39-41 Celsius. Sena se akarelletsa le mocheso leqeba le ho lahleheloa ke akheha. Tsamaiso ea pelo le methapo hape e sebetsa ho apara: ho pulse length quickens, khatello ea hlaha, mali hang feta lijaneng tsa.

Hypothermia ho na tlase kotsi ho batho. The batang lijana 'mele constrict, a etsa hore lisele ischemia. 'Me haeba ho pepesehela mocheso ho a batang bakeng sa nako e telele, ho ka etsahala fela ha letlalo kapa mesifa. Tlaase mocheso ho boela ama metabolism, e leng o etsoa ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka lebelo, hobane' mele o hloka matla bakeng sa futhumatsang.

Liboto le likhetla

Conventionally, sehlopha eohle ea batho ka aroloa maemo a mabeli: ea mantlha le khetla. Kernel (ka nako e ngata ke litho tse ka hare) e na le mocheso o sa khaotseng tse ka bang mashome a mararo e supileng likhato. Sena se finyelloa ka ho ba le botsitso pakeng tsa mocheso tahlehelo le tlhahiso ea mocheso. The kenapa hape o fana ka baka bothata pakeng tsa tikoloho le ea mantlha botenya ba 2,5 cm, Thermoregulation -. Selateng ke bokhoni ba ho lula ba ena le kamehla konokono mocheso.

Letlalong la 'motho ea phetseng hantle libakeng tse fapaneng ka halefile ho tloha ho likhato tse 24 ho 36,6. The batang - fingertips le warmest sebaka - hotel kaya. Liphetoho ka mocheso oa 'mele motšehare fihla lengolo la e mong: tlaase-tlaase - hoseng haholo,' me e phahameng - tšeletseng mantsiboea.

Mocheso isa molokong o mong le mocheso dissipation

thermoregulation ke eng le hore na e ile a lula ka 'mele oa motho? E le ho araba potso ena ha ho bonolo joalokaha ho bonahala ka chebo ea mahlo. Ka 'mele ea rona a sa khaotse a etsa chelete mocheso, e leng haholo-holo oa chesa bakeng futhumatsang ea tikoloho. Tshebetso ena o bitsoa mocheso phetiso. Ho e laolwa ka tsamaiso ea methapo, ho tloha litholoana tsa metabolism lona e ikemetseng, mosebetsi pelo, mesifa e honyele, 'me joalo-joalo. D.

Ka tloaelo, ho hlahisa mocheso ke mocheso seng, ke hore, ho na le isothermal. mabaka a ke e bonolo thermoregulation - ho thusa ho boloka inviolable konokono mocheso le ho etsa bonnete ba ka tsela e itseng oa boitaolo ea 'mele ho tloha tikolohong kantle. Ka hora ka monna e bopa mocheso ho lekaneng ho e pheha litha e le nngwe ya metsi. 'Me haeba ke ke bakeng sa mocheso, e se e le matsatsi a mararo ka mor'a tsoalo, kaofela ha rōna re ka ho toba le ho pheha ka hare. Ka hona, le thulaganyo hore thusa batho hore ba tlosa mocheso feteletseng, e leng tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.

thatafatsa

Thermoregulation le thatafatsa ea ba tšoarane ka matsoho. mele adapts ho liphello tsa mocheso ho eketsehileng tlaase kapa phahameng, sebopeho sa mekgwa e ncha ho boloka ka linako tsohle konokono mocheso.

Lapeng, ho na le tse 'maloa litsela tsa o tloaelehileng haholo oa tempering. Mohlala, sponging metsi a batang. Pele nako metsi e lokela ho ba likhato tse 30, 'me ka nako eo 28, 26' me ho joalo, ho fihlela e fihla likhatong tse 15 Celsius. Ha 'mele o gets bukkake sebelisoa ho batang le, ho ka etsahala ho fetela rubdowns douche kapa shaoara. E sebetsang hantle e boetse e ile a hlokomela moea le letsatsi libaka tsa ho tola. Qalong, bolelele ba nako ba mananeo lokela sa feteng metsotso e 15, empa ka nako eo e ka fetola ha nako e ntse ho 60. Leha ho le joalo, e lokela ho a hopola hore ka nako e telele letsatsi le pepesoe ka baka mathata letlalo le kankere.

thermoreceptors

Letlalo ka thermoregulation ea 'mele phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. E le setho sa kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa 'mele oa motho, ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata, ho akarelletsa e na thermoreceptors (Kholodov le mocheso). E o tsejoa hore ea batang a ka bang leshome ka makhetlo a ka e ngata, kahoo re haholo e mamelang ka tsela ho batang. Lesihleng kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa receptors teng ka sefahleho, molala, le tlase - ka fingertips ena. Leha ho le joalo, ho nahanela ba na le pitikololo lekana a lekanyelitsoeng ka palo. Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore mocheso receptor ho feta ba hoo e ka bang ka makhetlo a mabeli e le hlokolosi ho feta Kholodov.

mefuta thermoregulation

Thermoregulation - ke conglomerate tsa dithulaganyo ikemiseditse ho lula re ena le kamehla 'mele mocheso ke phapanyetsano ea mocheso o matla. The mochine oa tsamaiso ena li ka hlalosoa ke molao-motheo oa "poeletsotlaleho". Ke hore, pele ho mocheso ambient fapana, ho itšoara receptors letlalo le fetisetsa pontšo bokong. Le se na le molao oa tsamaiso ea mocheso le tshusumetso lona.

Kaofela ha dithulaganyo tsa thermoregulation ka aroloa mefuta e 'meli:

- 'meleng;

- lik'hemik'hale.

thermoregulation 'meleng, le eena, a e arotsoe mouoane, mahlaseli a kotsi, cavity le teploprovedenie. Har'a dithulaganyo lik'hemik'hale emit contractile le qhaqhasela thermogenesis.

thermoregulation 'meleng

Physical thermoregulation - pokello ea dithulaganyo tse fanang ka mocheso tlosa le 'mele. Ho etsa sena, ho na le litsela tse ngata tsa tlhaho:

- conduction;

- cavity;

- mahlaseli;

- e le mouoane.

Ho feta moo, 'mele o ka laola matla a maholo' me tekanyo ea katoloso e ntle methapo ea ho potoloha ha mali ka letlalo, e leng e boetse e ama mocheso tahlehelo. mochine o mong oa mocheso khumo - fufuleloa. Ho atlehang ka ho fetisisa tabeng ea ho tlelaemete e chesang kapa ho phahama maiketsetso ka mocheso ambient.

Phomotse, ka mocheso phutholohile ba likhato 20 Celsius, motho eo ea lahleheloang mahlaseli e ka bang ka mashome a tšeletseng ba lekholo ba mocheso, e pshang kateng mashome a mabeli feela, karolo e setseng ho cavity le conduction. Ka hora e 'ngoe feela, re lahleheloa ke hoo e ka bang tse makholo a lik'hilojule kapa joules makholo a mane leshome le metso e robong.

E le mouoane 'me mahlaseli a

E le mouoane - eneji, le hona ho lokolloa ka tikoloho e loketseng ea ho ba tahlehelo mongobo ka letlalo kapa lera la mucous. Ho seng joalo, mokhoa ona o bitsoa ho fufuleloa. From matšeliso mocheso (ka mashome a mabeli likhato Celsius), batho ba mong le e mong hora ea lahleheloang ka 36 dikgerama ea mokelikeli. Ha thempereichara e phahame kapa mosebetsi matla, karolo ena ka linako tse ling ho eketsa ho etsang dilitara tse peli ka hora.

Ha moea ke e omeletseng, le mocheso e fetisetsa ho motho eo e batlang e hantle, hobane e ke khoneha hore le mouoane oa mofufutso. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho a leholimo mongobo, esita le mashome a mararo likhato mocheso e ka ba bolaeang.

Mahlaseli - tsela ea ho khutla ha mocheso ka mahlaseli a motlakase. Man hlahang mocheso ho tloha nako eo, e le mocheso ambient marotholi tlase mocheso oa 'mele, ke hore, hoo e ka bang kamehla. Ho thibela mocheso ke tahlehelo ho batang mathang, nako, e ke ho hlokahala hore ho siea chelete e bonyane ba letlalo pepesa. Liaparo ka kgaola mahlaseli le fokotsa mocheso, empa ka ho feletseng ba khaotse ho mo khone.

Esita le boemo ba 'mele ke ka setotsoana thermoregulation. Ha phoofolo kapa motho o batang, ho leka ho sehlopha (phomola hamonate) ho e tlaase ka holim'a 'mele oa ka' na ba ikopanya le tikoloho kantle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba le mocheso, e leng batho le liphoofolo leka ho bula, ho eketsa sebaka sa letlalo ho mahlaseli a kotsi.

Conduction le cavity

Conduction ho etsahala ha motho a kena ho kopana le 'mele tse ling. Ho itšetlehile ka ho ikopanya le nako, ntho lisekoere le conductivity mogote ea boitsebiso boo.

Hore ba se ke ba fumana frostbite kapa che kula, o tlameha ho khomarela ho ea ka melao ea motheo:

- u se ke ua lula ka majoe a batang;

- nakong ea mariha ha ho hloloheloa ka matsoho a hae a se nang letho tšepe beha dintho;

- ka tlhaho ha li lula fatše a se nang letho, 'me ho na le kamehla ho hong ho kenyeletsa (robetse mokotla, moseme, liaparo);

- u se ke ua tsamaea ka liaparo le metsi nakong ea mariha.

Cavity - ka mokhoa o matla bakeng sa tahlehelo mocheso e phethahatsoa ka ho fallela likaroloana metsi kapa moea, e kang moea phallo baka kapa Fan. Ha o bonolo, 'mele, ho lokolloa mocheso, heats moea tlang ho letlalo. O fetoha bobebe ho feta batang, 'me e hlaha ka holimo,' me sebakeng sa eona e nkiloe ke sekhechana se secha. Ha re iphumana re le moea kapa ho itima lijo ho fallela moea le re potolohileng le tsona susumelletsa kapele, ka hona, e mocheso ha ho lula haufi le letlalo bakeng sa nako e telele.

lik'hemik'hale thermoregulation

Thermoregulation le metabolism - di bontsha dikgopolo haufi-ufi amanang. mokhoa lik'hemik'hale e thehiloeng feela ka phetoho e matla ya tshebetso ya ho ho kena moea le mesifa thothometsa. Matla a ho futhumatsa 'mele e lokisitsoeng ke hydrolysis tsa ATP (adenosine diphosphate). Ho ke ke ho hlokahala ho fetola e rarahaneng e be metsoako pete. Mocheso e lokolloa ha ena e matahoa a sa itlhompheng ka sebaka tse haufi. Sena qhaqhaselang thermogenesis.

Ho itšetlehile ka metabolism mogote ka potlakisa kapa decelerated ho boloka konokono kamehla. Ho fetisisa phutholohile motho a ikutloang kateng ka likhato 18-20 Celsius. Empa ke bakeng sa moea. Metsi e matla ho mokhanni oa mocheso, kahoo mocheso e lokela ho ba phahameng. Boholo ba mocheso hlahisoa mesifa nakong glycolysis aerobiki. Kahoo, ha re a batang, 'mele o qala ho shiver ho eketsa tlhahiso ea mocheso. boemo ena o bitsoa contractile thermogenesis.

taolo ya balaoli

Thermoregulation boko tsoela tsela e tšoanang le ba bang kaofela ba 'mele, le phapang e mona e le setsi sa tsamaiso ee eohle le laola. The hypothalamus ke setsi sa thermoregulation, hokahanya lebelo la metabolism, mesifa e honyele, le molumo oa lijana ka letlalo.

Nahanela methapo ea kutlo liseleng tse karolo e ea boko ka khetholla loebehlana ho fihlela ho hundredths kapa thousandths tsa tsela e itseng. Ba hlahloba ya data o tlang le ditshwaelo tsa molao-motheo o ho laola mocheso ka hare ka ho beha eona ho itšetlehile ka maemo kantle.

Ikokobelletsa tsa hypothalamus le ke thyroid le litsoelesa adrenal. Pele ama tekanyo tshilong ya dijo, 'me ea bobeli - ka vascular molumo le oxidative dithulaganyo ka mesifa. Sebelisa neurotransmitters le li-hormone, hypothalamus fetola puso ea phelang ho latela maemo.