The thepa ya metsi a leoatle. Hohle ho na le ka leoatle, ba ile ba ba e le 'ngoe?

E nako e telele e tsejoa ea hore metsi a leoatle koahetse boholo ba holim 'a lefatše la rōna. Ba di na le dipegelo e tsoelang pele ea metsi khetla, eo litlaleho tse fetang 70% ea sefofane hahlaula. Empa tse seng kae tsa re tseba hore thepa ya metsi a leoatle a ikhethang. Ba ba le tšusumetso e khōlō ka maemo a klimate le mesebetsi moruo tsa batho.

Thepa 1. Mocheso

Ocean metsi ka ipokellela mocheso. Holim'a metsi (ka bang 10 cm, ka botebo) tšoare chelete le leholo la mocheso. Folisoa, leoatle heats sepakapakeng tlaase, oo ka oona ka karolelano mocheso oa moea tsa lefatše +15 ° C. Ha polanete ea rōna e ne e se metsi maoatleng, mocheso karolelano batlang e fihla ho fihlela ho -21 ° C. E fellang kateng le hore ka lebaka la bokhoni ba maoatle ho boloka mocheso o re a ea khotsofatsa 'me Cozy polanete ea.

Thermal thepa ya metsi a leoatle fapana discontinuously. The halefile lera holim'a e butle-butle tsoakane ka metsi tebileng, ho fellang ka ka botebo ba limithara tse 'maloa ke e bohale mocheso lerotholi,' me joale butle-butle oela tlase. Tebileng metsi maoatleng na hoo e ka bang ka litekanyo tšoanang mocheso mona ka tlase limithara tse likete tse tharo ka tloaelo ho bontša ho tloha +2 ho 0 ° C.

Ha e le metsi holim, mocheso bona e itšetlehile ka bolokolohi. Sebopeho chitja oa lefatše rerang ho hlaha ka lehlakoreng le ya ditiragalo tsa khanya ea letsatsi ka holim'a metsi. Haufi le equator, letsatsi le fana ka mocheso ho feta ka lipalo tse. Ka mohlala, thepa ea leoatle metsi a Leoatle la Pacific tse ka ho toba e itšetlehileng ka karolelano litsupa mocheso. Lera holim na le phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ka karolelano mocheso, e leng ho feta +19 ° C. Sena se ka se bona empa e ama tikoloho potolohileng le ka limela le liphoofolo ka tlas'a metsi. Sena se lateloa ke Leoatle la Indian, metsi holim'a bao karolelano thabisa ho fihlela ho 17,3 ° C. Ebe Atlantic moo palo eo e 16,6 ° C. Le tlaase-tlaase karolelano mocheso - ka Arctic Ocean - hoo e ka bang +1 ° C.

Thepa 2. letsoai le metsing a

thepa bo-rasaense ba se tse ling tsa ho ithuta metsi a leoatle morao-rao? Ntle ho pelaelo, ba na le thahasello ka ho hlophisoa ha metsi a leoatle. Metsi leoatleng - e amorph tsa e mengata e likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me karolo ea bohlokoa e ka abeloa letsoai. The letsoai le metsing tsa metsi a leoatle e lekanngoa ka likarolo ka ho ya ka tse limilione tse. «‰» kgetha aekhoneng e. Ppm bolelwa sekete la ba bangata le. Ho hakanngoa hore oceanic litha e le nngwe ya metsi e na le letsoai le metsing karolelano ea 35 ‰.

Ha ho ithuta leoatle lefatšeng, bafuputsi ba ho pheta-pheta a belaella hore na thepa ea metsi a leoatle. Hohle ho na le ka leoatle, ba ile ba ba e le 'ngoe? Fellang kateng, letsoai le metsing, e le mocheso kakaretso, bao e seng junifomo. Kofuto e susumetsoa ke mabaka a 'maloa:

• palo ea pula - pula le lehloa fokotsa letsoai le metsing ka kakaretso ea leoatle;
• phallo ea linōka tse khōlō le tse nyenyane - the letsoai le metsing tsa maoatleng tse potolohileng lik'honthinenteng le e ngata ea linoka tebileng, tlase;
• leqhoa sebopeho - tshebetso eo eketsa letsoai le metsing;
• ho qhibiliha ea leqhoa - tshebetso hore lowers le letsoai le metsing tsa ka metsing;
• e le mouoane ya metsi ho tswa ho holim'a metsi a leoatle - letsoai mouoane hammoho ka metsi, le eketseha letsoai le metsing.

E fellang kateng le hore ho se tšoane ha ho letsoai le metsing tsa maoatle ke ka lebaka la ho Latitude, mocheso oa metsi holim 'le maemo a leholimo. Ka karolelano letsoai le metsing phahameng ka ho fetisisa metsi a Leoatle la Atlantic. Leha ho le joalo, ntlha ea ho fetisisa letsoai - Leoatle le Lefubelu ke ea Indian. Tlaase-tlaase sekhahla e tšoauoa ka Leoatleng la Arctic. Tsena thepa ea leoatle metsi a Leoatle la Arctic e ngata ka matla a ikutloa a le haufi le confluence ea linōka tse khōlō tsa Siberia. Mona letsoai le metsing ka tlase ho 10 ‰.

Thahasellisang hantle. Kae ka kakaretso letsoai ka maoatleng

Bo-rasaense ba se ba ile ba lumela likarolo kamoo lik'hemik'hale qhalwa ho ya ka metsi a maoatle. Mohlomong ho tloha likarolo 44 ho 75. Empa ba ile ba hakanya hore kakaretso qhalwa ho ya ka maoatleng feela bokae ea bolepi ba linaleli ba letsoai, ka 49 quadrillion boima ba lithane tse. Ha tsohle mouoane le omella letsoai, le tla koahela naha holim lera ke fetang 150 m.

Thepa 3. kitlano

Khopolo ea "segokanyipalo" le 'nile a ithuta ka nako e telele. Sena karo-karolelano ea boima ba ntho e, tabeng ena le boima ba metsi maoatleng ho bophahamo ba modumo hapa. Tsebo ea boholo ba segokanyipalo ke ho hlokahala, ka mohlala, ho boloka buoyancy sa likepe.

Le mocheso le segokanyipalo - bao e seng junifomo thepa ya metsi a leoatle. Boleng karolelano ea ho qetela - 1,024 g, / cm³. li-index ena e ile lekanngoa ka karolelano mocheso le letsoai dikahare. Leha ho le joalo, likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa maoatle segokanyipalo fapana ho itšetlehile ka botebo ea ho lekanya, karolo mocheso le letsoai le metsing a eona.

Ka mohlala, nahana ka thepa ea leoatle metsi a Leoatle la Indian, e leng ho fetoha ha segokanyipalo. Kofuto kholo ka ho fetisisa oa sena ke ka Suez le Gulf. Ho na le ho tluoa tabeng ea 1,03 g, / cm³. Ka metsi a futhumetseng le letsoai ea leboea-bophirimela Leoatle la Indian marotholi ho 1,024 g, / cm³. Le freshened karolo ka leboea-bochabela ea leoatle le Bay ea Bengal, moo pula e ngata oa, tekanyo ea ka tlaase-tlaase - ka 1,018 g, / cm³.

metsi a hloekileng segokanyipalo e ka tlaase, ke hobane'ng ha lula ka metsi ka linoka le 'mele tse ling metsi a hloekileng e rarahaneng le ho feta.

Properties 4 le 5. ho sebeletsa pepeneneng le 'mala

Haeba u thaepa ka nkho ea metsi leoatle, ho tla bonahala e bonaletsang. Leha ho le joalo, ka e ntseng e eketseha ea metsi lera botenya e fetoha type genus kapa botala bb. The fetola 'mala a e loketseng ho absorption le hasanyang la leseli. Ho phaella moo, 'mala oa slurry ho ama leoatle metsi a sebopeho fapaneng.

Type genus mala oa metsi e ba a hloekileng - ka lebaka la ho absorption fokolang ea karolo e khubelu ea manyenyane bonahalang. Ka concentrations phahameng ka phytoplankton leoatle metsi, ho ba putsoa-tala kapa 'mala o motala. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore phytoplankton monyang karolong e khubelu ea a manyenyane le bontša tala.

Ho sebeletsa pepeneneng leoatle metsi tsela e sa tobang itšetlehile ka ka tjhelete e ea lintho tse bonahalang particulate ho eona. Naheng ea ho sebeletsa pepeneneng ke Secchi tiske. A disk a bataletseng bao bophara ha e fete cm, 40, e qoelisoa ka metsing. Botebo eaba e ba e bonahalang, e amohela e le sesupo sa ho sebeletsa pepeneneng sebakeng sena.

6 le 7. thepa ea Phatlalatsang molumo le motlakase

Maqhubu a molumo a ka hasa metsi tse likete km. Ka karolelano boikatiso lebelo - 1500 limithara / s. palo ena e bakeng sa leoatle metsi e phahame ho feta bakeng sa a hloekileng. molumo o lula a hanyenyane deviates tloha moleng otlolohile.

Letsoai metsi e na e moholo motlakase conductivity ho feta metsi a hloekileng. Phapang - makhetlo a 4.000. Ho itšetlehile ka palo ea ions ka yuniti ya bophahamo ba modumo metsi a.