The a liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha: ho tsosolosoa ha lebotho la Russia

Phuhlamanya ntoa ho pholletsa le lilemo tsa bo-la bo17 la lilemo ba morusu, ba fokola ba moamoheli le ho hloleha lona a ho sireletsa 'muso oa ho tloha ho hlaseloa ke lira - lintlha tsena tsohle kopana ho bopa maemo a bo hlokehang bakeng sa ho thehoa ha lebotho la' ngoe Russia, le ileng la qala ka liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha.

qala

Ka lekhetlo la pele ho nahana ka ho bōptjoa ha masole a macha a kena ka thata le moferefere nakong ea histori ea rōna - Nakong ea Likhathatso, tlaboloa tšokelo e mpe ea tlhaselo e 'ngoe. Nakong ena ea ho qabana libapali tsoang linaheng tse ling ba hiriloeng ka masole a seng molaong ho loantša lebotho la Poland. E ne e ka nako eo hore Mikaele Skopin-Shumsky, ka tieo ba ameha liketso tsa ga dirwa ya nang le bokgoni Seswedishe infantry sebete ho nyahamisa litlhaselo tsa hussars Poland, etsa qeto ea ho hlophisa lebotho la sampole tsoang linaheng tse ling - Dutch le Seswedishe. The a liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha, e bopilweng ha e le hantle ba masole a seng molaong le la boemo bo tlaase, ba ile ba bokella ka Novgorod le sebelisang batho ba 18 sekete. O ba koetlisa ka libetsa tšoaneleha Belgian Hristier Somme, ho lebisa tlhokomelo maqiti ho loantša bapalami ba lipere, eo ho eona palo ea pikemen koahetsoeng ka musketeers musket - the Sebetsa se ka sehloohong sa nako eo.

Ka katleho pele

Esita le ho potlakela ho ba koetlisitsoeng, ba liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha ka September 1609 hlōla tlhōlo 'maloa bohlokoa ba fetang lipalo: Moscow qhoma ka thibela likepe' me a khutlela ka metse e 'maloa, ba akhela mabotho bahlaseli khutla. Empa Nako ea Likhathatso entse liphetoho e le liketsahalo morago ga moo. Mora chefo Skopin-Shumsky lebotho la qhalakantsoeng. Ka tsela eo e ile ea fela ea teko ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng e atlehileng ya regiments tsa sampole tsoang linaheng tse ling.

Hona ho leka ea bobeli

Tlhokeho mosolotogamaano ho khutlela Smolensk, o ile a fa lipalo, le tsosolosoa ha lebotho le matla e sebetsang hantle e ne e susumetsa e mong bakeng sa ho bōptjoa regiments e ncha ka 1630. Qala mosebetsi ona o boima oa litsebi Seswedishe le Dutch ho ea qetellong ea 1631 entseng Regiment 2, ka 'ngoe eo palo ea batho ba 1600. Qalong e ne e rerile ho etsa ditheko regiments tsa bana boyars landless, empa ba ne ba sa thahaselle tšebeletso infantry, 'me e ile a etsa qeto ea ho nka lebotho la Cossacks le ba fulang metsu le bana.

Taelo ea Regiment e phethile ka lekhetlo la pele batho ba haholo-holo tsoang linaheng tse ling. E mong le e Regiment ne e ena le 8 lik'hamphani, e ne e le tlas'a taolo ea mokoronele, molefothenente mokoronele, kholo le balaoli tse hlano. Ka khampani ya masole, ho ne ho 200, e leng 120 ne musketeers le 80 - pikemen. palo ea regiments hōla ka potlako: ho qaleha ha 1632, ho na le se a ntse a ne ba 6 (9000 batho ba).

Ho tloha ka bohareng ba bo-1632, o ile a qala pele pōpo ea Reitarska Regiment tsa boyars le bana ba nobility, eo linomoro ho ea qetellong ea selemo sa 1721 a ema ho isa ho monna. Ho akarelletsa ho ka lekhetlo la pele ha hlophisoa khampani ya manar, 'me kapele thehoa le Regiment fapaneng tsa dragoons, eo e na le lik'hamphani tse 12. The a liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha nakong ea 1632-1634 GG. e ne e le mokokotlo tsa masole, 10 ntoa-loketse diyuniti baloang batho 17 likete tse ileng ba bōptjoa. Ba loana ka sebete, ba ne ba le sebete le tsietsing, bahale iponahatsa a lintoeng khahlanong le makhotla a phahametse ea sera, empa ho hlōla ntoa Russia le hlōlehileng ho phethahala. 'Me qetellong ea regiments ntoa ea tsamaiso e ncha li ne li felisa ka ho feletseng. Hona ho leka bobeli ho hlophisa mabotho a sa boela a atleha bohareng feela.

Mokhahlelo oa boraro

Lilemo tse seng kae hamorao, ka 1638 ho, 'muso o ile a nchafatsoa sebopeho sa likarolo tse ling tsa ea mohlala e ncha bakeng sa ho sireletsa meeli ea karolong e ka boroa ea Russia. O leihlo ho ba lokisetsa ho ea masole, tse teng ka tebelwa Novgorod, Cavalier le akaretsang, e leng oa Lenyesemane Tomas Daleyl.

Eaba ba etsa regiments ile sa etsa hore tsamaisa qobelloa bothaothi datochnyh banna ba neng ba sebeletsa ho tloha selemo ho hoetla le mariha ho thunya ho malapeng a bona. Mokhoa ona o se fosahetse ka boeona: koetliso tshusumetso tšoanelehe amanang le phomolong haholo. Ka lebaka leo, nationalization ba bang metseng e ka boroa le hamlets ile etsoa 1643-1648, ka ho latellana, e le balemi ba tlalehiloeng ka dragoons ena.

Sesole liphetoho Alexei Mikhailovich

Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-la bo17 la lilemo, Russia e ile tšoauoa ka e le ketsahalo ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa naha - ka molao-taelo oa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich qala ho liphetoho tse khōlō ba lebotho ba fumana likarolo tse molemo ka ho fetisisa ea tsamaiso ea khale - e phahameng sechabeng Moscow ea moo bapalami ba lipere, Moscow musketeers le gunners, 'me ho ne ho bōptjoa diyuniti ntoa ka setšoantšo se bontša bokhoni ba bona sesole regiments.

Moelelong oa Serussia Poland ntoa ea 1654-1667. metsoako tsena fetohile motheo oa matla bakeng sa mabothong a hlometseng ba naha eo. The a liluloaneng tsa tsamaiso e ncha le Alexis - lesole le manar karolo skomplektovat datochnyh tsa batho ba thaothoa ka tšebeletso ea bophelo bohle. tšebeletso ea naheng ka bophara ile a kenyelletsa.

Reitarska regiments ho ile ha thehoa eseng feela datochnyh, empa le eena a tsoang futsanehileng le landless bahlomphehi, Cossacks le bana boyar. ba makholo Noble ka botlalo isoa tsamaiso Reitarska. A re fallele maqiti bohlokoa e ne e le kgetho ya ho hlophisoa ha bapalami ba lipere mounted lancers - Hussars. Seswedishe le phihlelo ea boitšoaro ba ntoa le hlomella lesole e ne e haholo molemo, a re ho tšoana la Russia le Sweden bapalami ba lipere. Ea se nang molato bokgoni le ka thepa e moholo hussar mokhoa o amohelehang khetholloa metsoako tsena ka tikoloho Russia bapalami ba lipere.

Russia motlotlo

The a liluloaneng tsa tsamaiso e ncha ka ho mahareng. 17c. thehoa tlas'a tataiso ea balaoli ba koetlisitsoeng hantle. Nakong ea ntoa, o ne a thaothoa le koetlisitsoeng bakeng sa banna ba bonyane tse lekholo tse sekete, e ile ea tumellano ea khopolo ea pōpo ea diyuniti joalo sesole. Ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la liluloaneng ea tsamaiso e ncha ea - e ke Karolo e molemohali tsa masole thehoa nakong e tlang e thehiloeng kamehla hlōla Russia sesole.