Seo e ne e le maemo a khotso Brest: ka kakaretso ea tumellano le boleloang lona

Soviet Russia, ka lehlakoreng le leng, Jeremane, Bulgaria, Turkey le Austria-Hungary - ka e meng, se ile sa kena tumellano ka 1918. From eo, seo e ne e le maemo a khotso Brest, ho itšetlehile ka boemo ba matla tse ngata.

liketsahalo tse fetileng

Terms of Khotso ea Brest 1918 tšohloa makhetlo a 'maloa' me ke ka mekhahlelo e meraro. Boholo ba liboka tsa tlhokomelo ile lefile ho taba Armenian. Soviet Russia e beha pele a 'maloa a maemo a, leha ho le joalo, Jeremane le entseng selekane le sona lahlile ena khotso Brest. Letsatsi tsa lipuisano ka qetello ea konteraka ea Brest-Litovsk - 1917, December 9th. Ho na le boetse ho na le Jeremane sekhahla taelo ea. Masoviet o ile a leka ho qoba nakong e tlang e indemnities lefatše le annexations.

Boemo ba boeta-pele ba Soviet Union

Moifo Union e lenaneo la, e lateloa nakong ea negotiation. From eo, seo e ne e le maemo a khotso Brest, ho itšetlehile ka botšepehi ba boemo Russia le baahi ba lona. lintlha tsa sehlooho tsa lenaneo:

• le monyetla oa ho qoba a hapa forcible linaheng tšoarehile nakong ntoa.
• Tsosoloso ea boipuso feletseng tsa lipolotiki tsa lichaba, ea ileng a lahleheloa ka tsela ea ntoa.
• Le monyetla oa ho qoba indemnities.
• Selelekeleng sa boikemelo ea a manyenyane ea sechaba ka ho latelwa le palo e itseng ea maemo.
• Matlafatsa merabe le tokelo ea ho khetha naheng kapa popo ea boemo boipuso.
• litokollo tsa Bokolone ba ikemiselitse ho latela melao-motheo e ka holimo.
• Pholosa litokelo le litokoloho tsa lichaba se fokolang haholo.

The boeta-pele ba Soviet Union ba ile rera kamoo ho hula ka lipuisano khotso e seng kae, ka sekhukhu ba tšepile ho fokolisa Jeremane ka lebaka la phetoho e bileng teng ka hare. January 28, 1918 Russia ho ile ha fanoa e ultimatum. Jeremane e bitsoang bakeng sa ho saenela tumellano ea ka maemo a kang ho fella ka hore, lekala ka Poland, ea Baltic States le Belarus.

lokisa Russia

ditletlebong Jeremane e ne e le o totobetseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Russia ne a ke ke lumellana ho saena tlotlollang joalo ho konteraka hae, 'me e lokela ho ba, ho ena, ho qala ntoa ea ho feta ho lumellana ho maemo a joalo. Empa mehlodi ya bakeng sa tshebetso ntoa e ne e le ha ho a lekana. From eo, seo e ne e le maemo a khotso Brest, ho ne ho itšetlehile ka matla a Russia. Leon Trotsky, hammoho le Bolsheviks a mang, o ile a leka ho fumana tsela ea ho tsoa boemong boo. Le boeta-pele ba naha ea tla ho qeto ea hore o ne a nahana ka ho fetisisa. January 28 hlooho ea moifo Union entsoeng ka puo, e leng ile sa etsa hore ho latelang: lefatše ke ke ho saenwa, empa qalong ea ntoa, Russia ke ke phatlalatsa. Leon Trotsky phatlalatsa ho lokolloa ha batho ba le lihlopha tsa masole a ntoa.

Qeto ena ea nyarosa le mebuso ba Jeremane le Austria. Ba ne ba sa lebella ho fetoha liketsahalo. February 18, o ile a qala tlhaselo ea mabotho a Austro-Sehungary. The Red Army e ile qhaloa, ho na le e ne e ha ho motho ho hanela sera. Ka lebaka leo, Pskov le Narva ne tšoareha ka oona. Tse ling tsa Regiment le bao e neng e ka nako ena maemong a bona, ikhula ntle loana. Russia ha e sa hlokahala ho bua ka seo e ne e le maemo a khotso Brest. February 19 ditlhoko Jeremane li ne li sebelisoa ke lehlakoreng Union.

Jeremane, re hlokomela ka ho felloa ke tšepo ea boemo bona ka Russia e hona joale batla tšimong ea tse ling tse ngata (makhetlo a mahlano), e leng e ne e le hoo e ka bang oa matsete lohle la mashala le tšepe ea naha e manya le batho ba limilione tse 50 ba ne ba phela. Hape, lehlakoreng le Soviet ile a tlameha ho lefa indemnity kgolo. New Russia moifo o ea hokae ka Grigory Sokolnikov. O ile a re ho na le se na boikhethelo 'me a ke ke a qojoa saena selekane khotso boemong bo itseng. O ile a boela a bontša hore tšepo ea hore boemo bo jwale ke ba nakoana.

Terms of khotso Brest - bokhutšoanyane

• Ho hana liprofinseng tseo ho tsona batho ba moo rena Belarusians.
• Kamohelo ya boipuso ea Ukraine.
• Ho tloha privislyanskih liprofinseng tsa Estonia, Livonia, Courland, Grand Duchy ea Finland.
• Branch Caucasian libakeng - Batumi le Kars.
• Ho Etsa Khotso le UPR.
• The demobilization ea lebotho le sesoleng sa metsing.
• Tlhokomelo ea likepe Baltic le makalana Sefinnishe le Baltic.
• Tefo ea li-ruble tse limilione tse 500 tsa khauta le limilione tse likete tse 6 matshwao.
• Baltic Fleet setse e le setsi ka Finland le Baltic States.
• Qetello ea mashano a Revolutionary.
• Black Sea likepe tloha ka Central Matla.

litla

Ka tsela eo e ne e phetha Brest khotso. Letsatsi la ho saenela lona - March 3, 1918. Ukraine, Poland, e bolela Baltic le karolo ea Byelorussia di hakolla ho tloha Russia. Hape, Masoviet lefile Jeremane boima ba lithane tse fetang 90 tsa khauta. Majeremane, a etsa eka e le hore ba batla ho etsa bonnete ba matla a 'muso a utloahalang tsa Ukraine o ile a qala mosebetsi oa sebaka sa eona. Ho phahama hona nako Left sr merusu le ntoa ea lehae e nka sebōpeho sa lintoa khōlō. Khanyetso sharply nyatsa polelo ke Lenin hore Russia ne ke se na boikhethelo haese ho amohela dipehelo tsa konteraka ya. lebotho e ne e le hang ha ea hlophiseha. Liphello tsa Khotso ea Brest ile a bontša hore batšehetsi ba na khanyetso ea ba ipilelitse ho phetohelong e ratoang e le hore ho thibela mabotho a Jeremane-Austria. State Entente hanyetsa khotso saennweng. From March ho fihlela ka August 1918 lulisa tsa masole a Brithani le a Majapane ka Murmansk, Khabarovsk, Arkhangelsk.

Qetellong ea Khotso ea Brest

Brest khotso e ne e sa reretsoe ho nako e telele ho nka khato. November 13, ka mor'a hlōtse Austro-Sejeremane mabotho (ka lebaka la ho entseng selekane le sona), Russia hlakotsoe eona. Ka letsatsi la khanselwa, le boeta-pele ba Soviet Union, o ile a fallela Moscow, ea tšabang le Jeremane ho hlasela Petrograd. Ka mor'a ho hlakoloa ha konteraka ea entse phetoho ka paballo ya naha ba ne ba nkoa sebetse. The boeta-pele ba Soviet Union e se e fane ka baahi ba Caucasus le libakeng tse ling nkoa ke khetha le qetello ea bona. Pejana ho moo, September 20, 1918, o ne a e rusolotsoeng karolo ea Brest khotso khahlanong le Turkey.

Ho boleloa hore liphello tsa khotso Brest matlafatsa bolaoli ba Lenin. The Bolsheviks o ile a qala ho mo bontša ho ba le kholiseho le ho feta. Qetellong ea Ntoa ea Lehae ea ka 1922, beha ka ho fetisisa ea Russia matla Union.