Sena ke karolo e phethoang le mosebetsi ea liprotheine tse ka seleng. ke mosebetsi wa liprotheine ka seleng phetha seo?

Protein - ke bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa thepa e manyolo, palo ea tse okametse macromolecules tse ling kaofela, tse teng ka seleng e phelang. Ba etsa ho fihlela ho feta halofo ea boima ba 'mele ea taba omileng bobeli limela le liphoofolo tse phelang. Mesebetsi ya liprotheine tse fapa-fapaneng ka seleng, tse ling tsa tsona e ntse e le e sa tsejoeng ho saense. Leha ho le joalo, litaelo tsa sehlooho tsa "mosebetsi" bona hantle utloisisa. Ba bang ba lokela ho ba khothalletsa dithulaganyo ka lisele le lisele. Tse ling tsa bohlokoa diminerale komponeng e isoa ka lera sele le mali lijana ho tswa ho makala 'ngoe ho' ngoe. Ba bang ba sireletsa 'mele khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tsoang linaheng tse ling hangata. Ntho e 'ngoe e hlakile - ntle le protheine ha nka sebaka ha a thulaganyo' mele ea rōna.

Mesebetsi e ka sehloohong ea liprotheine

Ho sebetsa ha liprotheine 'meleng tse sa tšoaneng. Sehlopha ka seng se na le sebopeho itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale, o etsa e khethehileng "mosebetsi". Maemong a mang, le mefuta e 'maloa ea liprotheine tse amanang le mong le e tse ling. Ba na le boikarabelo ba mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea ho tšoanang. Kapa ama feela e seng mekae. Ka mohlala, mosebetsi taolo ya liprotheine e tlisa ho ke enzyme le li-hormone. ketsahalo ena ka ho emeloa hantle, oa hopola hormone adrenaline. O hlahisitse ak'u nahane lera la litsoelesa le adrenal. Ba tsoela pele ka lijaneng tsa mali, ho eketsa palo ea oksijene maling. E hlaha le khatello ea mali e eketsa dikahare tsoekere. Ho di hlohleletsago metabolism. Hape, adrenaline ke neurotransmitter a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ho tlhapi, sehahabi le lihahabi.

Mosebetsi enzymatic

Tse ngata li etsahala liseleng tsa lintho tse phelang liphetoho skeletal ba phethahatsoa ka thempereichara e phahameng le ph nke lehlakore. Ka maemo a joalo, tekanyo ea temana e le nyenyane haholo, kahoo ho hlokahala hore e khethehileng ho etswa ha enzyme tsebahalang. fapafapana 'ohle a bona ho kopantswe ka litlelase 6, e fapana ka khethehileng ea bona ea ho nka khato. Enzyme tse tsa maiketsetso ka ribosomes ka lisele tsa tsona li. thuto ea bona amehang saense e enzymology.

Ha ho pelaelo hore, ntle ho potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le ke keng la sebetsa liprotheine taolo. Ba na le selectivity phahameng ea nkang khato. mosebetsi oa tsona oa ka ho laolwa ka activators le inhibitors. Ho phaella moo, potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale kakaretso bontša khethehileng mabapi le substrates. Hape mosebetsi enzymatic itšetlehile ka maemo a ka 'mele' me ka ho khetheha ka liseleng. phallo bona e le hantle khatello ea asiti ph, mocheso, ionic matla ea tharollo, i.e. ea mahloriso ea letsoai ka cytoplasm ena.

Ho tsamaisa mosebetsi wa liprotheine

Ka gorole lokela Kamehla ke etsa 'mele o hloka ho le liminerale le taba manyolo. Ba hlokahala e le thepa ea ho haha le ho mehloli ea matla a lisele tse. Empa mochine oa ho fihla ha bona ho e rarahaneng haholo. lera la lisele bopilwe feela ka liprotheine. lera la likokoana-hloko li hahoa ho ea ka molao-motheo oa mokato habeli ya lipids. Pakeng tsa bona le liprotheine tse fapa-fapaneng tse aa ageletsweng. Ho bohlokwa haholo hore libaka hydrophilic leng teng holim 'a lera ka,' me hydrophobic - lenaneng la hae. Ka tsela eo, tse kang mohaho etsa impermeable khetla. Ka e khonang ha ba le bang, ho se na "thuso" ho fetisa dikarolo bohlokoa joalo, e kang tsoekere,-amino acid le ions METOLIT. Ka mose ho lera cytoplasmic ka cytoplasm, ba ile ba ba isoa liprotheine tse khethehileng, tse mounted ka le dikarolo le lipid.

Ho tsamaisa ya dintho tloha lekala le leng le le leng

Empa ho tsamaisa mosebetsi wa liprotheine e etsoa ha feela pakeng tsa ntho intercellular le ka seleng. Ba bang ba dithulaganyo bohlokoa fisioloji hlokahala ho fana ka ntho e ho tloha le lekala 'ngoe ho' ngoe. Ka mohlala, ho tsamaisa ya protheine mali - serum albumin. E filoe le bokhoni bo ikhethang ba ho etsa motsoako ka acid tse mafura, e leng hlaha ka tshilo ya dijo ea mafura, le lithethefatsi, hammoho le le li-hormone steroid. Bohlokoa microcyteme liprotheine tse haemoglobin le (lopolla oksijene molek'hule) transferrin (o tlohang ka ions tšepe) le tseruplazmin (eaba ba etsa mehahong ka koporo).

Bontša mosebetsi liprotheine

Le ea bohlokoa haholo ka ho mokhoa oa ho e hlophisitsweng, fisioloji ka phelang rarahaneng multicellular na receptor liprotheine. Di mounted ho lera lero la mali. Ba sebetsa ho felloa le decoding mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ka matshwao a medumo e tla ka na le molapo e tsoelang pele ea lisele, e seng feela ho tloha lisele haufi, empa le eena a tsoang tikolohong kantle. Jwale, mohlomong ka ho fetisisa o ile a ithuta receptor protheine e acetylcholine. Ho e teng a 'maloa a mabitso a mang interneuron ka lera seleng.

Empa alamo mosebetsi liprotheine e etsoa ha feela ka hare ho lisele. hormone tse ngata tlama ho receptors itseng holim'a metsi bona. Joalo foromo mabapi le ke pontšo eo activates dithulaganyo fisioloji ka liseleng. Mohlala oa liprotheine joalo e tlameha ho sebelisa insulin, a sebetsa ka tsamaiso ea adenylate cyclase.

mosebetsi sireletsang

Mesebetsi ya liprotheine ka seleng ke fapaneng. Ba bang ba bona ba amehang ka karabelo ba mmele. Ho sireletsa 'mele ho tloha tsoaetsanang. boitshireletso ba mmele ka arabela mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling tsejoa ka tsela eo tswakana ya nomoro leholo la lymphocytes. dintho tsena ba ka khona ho khetha senya mahlahana tsena, ba ka 'na ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ho ea phelang, tse kang libaktheria, likaroloana supramolecular, kapa ho ka ba le ka liseleng tsa kankere.

E 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa ba - "tsa beta" lymphocytes - hlahisa liprotheine hore kenye kemisong ea mali. Ba na le tšobotsi e thahasellisang haholo. liprotheine tsena lokela ho hlokomela lisele tse tsoang linaheng tse ling le macromolecules. Joale ba ikopanya le bona, eaba ba etsa e rarahaneng tse lokelang ho timetsoa. liprotheine tsena bitsoa immunoglobulins. Sami mojaki dikarolo - e antigens. A immunoglobulins, e tsamaisana le tsona - lisireletsi.

sebopeho mosebetsi

Ka 'mele, ho phaella ho e khethehileng haholo, ho na le boetse ho na le mehaho liprotheine. Ba ho hlokahala hore ho etsa bonnete ba matla ho phetha molao feela. Tsena mesebetsi ya liprotheine ka seleng e leng tsa bohlokoa ho boloka ka sebopeho le ho boloka 'mele oa bocha. E tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke collagen. Sena ke protheine e khōlō ea lenaane-thalo le kantle ho sele ea lisele connective. Ka liphoofolo tse anyesang e phahameng, e le ho fihlela ho 1/4 tsa boima ba 'mele kakaretso ea liprotheine. Tsa maiketsetso collagen ka fibroblasts, e leng lisele tse ka sehloohong sa lisele connective.

mesebetsi e joalo ea liprotheine ka seleng ke le ea bohlokoa haholo. Ho phaella ho collagen, e tsejoang e mong protheine mehaho - elastin. Ho boetse ho na le karolo ea lenaane-thalo le kantle ho sele. Elastin ke khona ho re fa monyetla oa ho dinama tse nyenyane tse otlolle ka hare ho meeli itseng le ha bonolo a khutlele ka sebopeho pele. Mohlala o mong oa e mehaho protheine - protheine, e fumanoang ka tsoele larvae. Sena ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea silika tshekatsheko.

dilenaneo protheine

Karolo e phethoang ke liprotheine ka seleng ke ke overemphasized. Ba ile ba boela nka karolo mosebetsing oa mesifa ena. Muscle khutsufatso ke bohlokoa fisioloji tshebetso. Ka lebaka leo, ho sokoloha ha bolokoa ka ATP macromolecules ka eneji, le lik'hemik'hale. Ameha ka ho toba ka ho tshebetso ke liprotheine tse peli tse - actin le myosin.

Tsena dilenaneo protheine ke threadlike limolek'hule hore ho sebetsa ka contractile ya marapo oona tsamaisong mesifa. Ba ile ba boela ba fumana ka lisele tse bao e seng mesifa liseleng eukaryotic. Mohlala o mong oa liprotheine enjene - tubulin. From e hahiloeng microtubules, e leng e elements ea bohlokoa ea flagella le cilia. Hape microtubules nang tubulin lemoha liseleng tsa methapo lisele tsa liphoofolo.

lithibela-mafu

Huge sireletsang karolo ea liprotheine tse ka seleng. Karolo ea sona e ne e le sehlopha, e leng o bitsoa lithibela-mafu. Tsena ke lintho tse se hlahang ho yona tsa tlhaho, tse tsa maiketsetso, hangata libaktheria, nyenyane li-fungus, le microorganisms tse ling. Di ikemiseditse ho hatella dithulaganyo fisioloji tsa lintho tse phelang tse ling gaisana mo. Ho sibolloa ha e simolohe lithibela-mafu protheine ba ne ba 40s ea. Ba tlisa phetoho e kholo moriana, ho fana e le tshusumetso e matla tsoelo-peleng ea ka.

Ke lik'hemik'hale mofuta oa bona, lithibela-mafu - sehlopha sa tšoaneng haholo. Ba fapana ka mochine oa bona oa ho nka khato. Ba bang ba kena-kenana le nang le protheine tswakana ka hare ho lisele tse, ea bobeli le literata tlhahiso ea enzyme bohlokoa, thibela metsoako kgolo ya boraro, bone - ho ikatisa. Mohlala, tsebahala streptomycin kopana le ribosomes ea lisele baktheria. Kahoo, ba ka tsela e hlollang liehisa ho tswakana liprotheine. The lithibela-mafu ya data ha kopana le ribosomes eukaryotic mele oa motho. Sena se bolela hore lintho tsena ha li nang le chefo e ho tse anyesang e phahameng.

Sena ha se mesebetsi kaofela liprotheine ka seleng. Lethathamo la Tse ka dintho lithibela-mafu ho fumana hore na, 'me tse ling tsa liketso tsa e khethehileng haholo hore bana ba itseng metsoako tsa tlhaho tse khonang ho ikitlaetsa ka libaktheria' me a sa feela. Jwale tsentswe ithuta lithibela-mafu protheine hlahang ho yona, eo ka sebelisana le DNA e khahlanong le thulaganyo amanang le ho kenya tshebetsong lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso. Empa hafeela dintho joalo ba feela sebelisoa ka phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale ea kankere. Mohlala oa joalo e ntho lithibela-mafu ke dactinomycin actinomycetes tsa maiketsetso.

chefo

Liprotheine ka seleng phetha mosebetsi wa ka eccentricity itseng haholo esita le. maloa ea lintho tse u phele hlahisoang ke chefo - chefo. Ka tlhaho ea bona, ke liprotheine le rarahaneng tlaase limolek'hule boima manyolo komponeng. Ka mohlala, e le chefo masheromo makhasi ao lefu kopi.

Spare le jeoang liprotheine

Ba bang ba liprotheine sebetsa ka embryos lijo tsa liphoofolo le limela. Ho na le mehlala e mengata. Boleng ba le protheine ka dipeo seleng ea lijo-thollo kenyeleditsweng ka eona. Ba tla matlafatsa kokoana-hloko ea limela hlahella ka mekhahlelo ea pele ea ntshetsopeleng lona. Ka phoofolo liprotheine lijo tse lehe albumin le lebese casein.

thepa Unstudied protheine

The mehlala holimo - feela karolo eo e se e ile a ithuta ka ho lekaneng. Empa lintho tsa tlhaho ho na le ba ntse ba tse ngata liphiri. The liprotheine ka lisele tsa mefuta e mengata li ikhetha, 'me hona joale esita le ho le thata ho go arologana bona. Mohlala, monellin - protheine fumanoa le ka thōko ho tloha dimela tsa Afrika. Ho latsoa monate, empa hase eena ea bakang botenya le batho bao e seng chefo. Nakong e tlang, e ka ba le ka nkang sebaka babatsehang ho tsoekere. Mohlala o mong - protheine fumanoa ba bang ba tlhapi Arctic, ho thibela leqhoa a ea mali, ho sebeletsa e le antifreeze ka kutloisiso ea sebele ea papiso ena. tse ngata tsa likokoanyana metsoako mapheo resilin protheine amahanngoa le e ikhethang, elasticity hoo e ka bang ba phethahetseng. Le hore se mehlala kaofela dintho tse tla feela hlahloba le go arologana.