Sekemeng ea London ka Sekhukhu: histori le maemo hona joale

Leqheka la London Sekhukhu na le liteishene tsa 270, 11 mela, kakaretso ea bolelele ba tsona o lekana le km 402. Letsatsi le letsatsi, mofuta ona wa tsamaisa sebelisoa ke baahi ba fetang limilione tse tharo le baeti ba motse-moholo oa Brithani. Logo London Sekhukhu ke e mong oa batho bao ho buuoang ka sehloohong setso ratoa lefatšeng ka bophara 'me li rekisa lintho tsa liaparo le ya disebediswa tse kathoko le logo logo logo logo khampani le leqheka la terene.

History ea pōpo le boemo jwale ya

letsatsi a qalang a le tereneng London oela ka January 10, ka1863. Ntlha ea pele e ile ea e mong ea bitsoang "Metropolitan reyluey" o tlangwa ho kholo ka ho fetisisa tse peli seteisheneng sa terene. Ka 1890, pele London Sekhukhu literene qala tšebetso ea pellet. Ho fihlela ka 1933, mosebetsi oa kaho le ntshetsopele ya mela e fanoeng ke lik'hamphani poraefete. Creation ya Lefapha la mopalami Transport e momahane ba kenya tsamaiso le 'ngoe boemo.

Nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World e fetohile bohlokoa haholo sekhukhu setšabelo sa tswa libomo ea baahi ba nang le khotso ba motse. November bo18 la lilemo, 1987 baahi ba London a hopoloa qhoma ka tšohanyetso ha mollo. Letsatsing leo, boemo ba leholimo o ile a bolela bophelo ba batho ba mashome a mararo. Ka July 2005, liteishene tse 'maloa li' nile tsa targeted ke litlhaselo tsa bokhukhuni. Ka lebaka leo, ba bane phatlohile libomo hokahangoa ka literene tse tharo bolaea batho ba 56 le bombers mane ho ipolaea.

Ho fihlela joale, e sekemeng ea London ka Sekhukhu e sebakeng bone har'a telele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ka mor'a Seoul, Beijing le Shanghai. Baahi ba motse-moholo bitsoang mofuta ona oa ho tsamaisa The Tube (Engl. "Pipes") ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa lithanele ka.

Mela le London ka Sekhukhu seteishene

Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, ka sekhukhu le motse-moholo oa Brithani e na le mela e 11, 'nè tsa tse sa tebang, ba bang ba - e tebileng. Nahana ka e mong le e ka thoko:

• "District" (denoted ka temperaturdiagramm e 'mala o motala' me e na le liteishene tsa 60);
• "Ile" (pherese seteishene 34);
• "Circumferential" ( 'mala o mosehla, liteishene 36);
• "North" (ba batsho, liteishene 50);
• "Waterloo & City" (cyan, seteishene sa 2);
• "Central" (khubelu, 49 liteishene);
• "Beykerloo" (Brown, liteishene 25);
• "Piccadilly" (lefifi putsoa, liteishene 53);
• "Victoria" (e putsoa, liteishene 16);
• "Sehopotso" (silevera, liteishene 27);
• "Hammersmith & City" (Pink, liteishene 29).

Ka 2007, moleng Bochabela ile koaloa bakeng sa ho tsosolosa. Lilemo tse 'nè ka mor'a a qalang tsa lona, ho ile ha e le karolo ea ho tsamaisa phahameng. Leqheka la London terene hape kenyelletsa ditokiseletso dikarolo joalo tse kang "London Overground 'le' Docklands Light Railway".

lintlha tse thahasellisang

• Tsela telele ka ho fetisisa e le leeto la ho toba ho tloha seteisheneng "West Raislip" ho "Epping" - km 54,9 le nka hora le metsotso e 28.
• Ka naha ea "Stratford" ke escalator lekgutshwane (4 limithara tse), le telele ka ho fetisisa e neng seteishene "Angel" (60 limithara tse).
• Seteisheneng tebileng haholo e bitsoa "Hampstead", ho larileng ka ka botebo ba limithara tse 59 ho tloha boemong ba seterata.
• Bonyane ka botebo (limithara tse 5.2) teng seteishene "Redbridge".
• "Waterloo" ke seteishene phathahanyang ea London ka Sekhukhu. Nakong ea selemo, mopalami sephethephethe mona ke batho ba limilione tse 82.
• "District" mola o na le palo e khōlō ka ho fetisisa ea liteishene (60), 'me e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa - "Waterloo & City" (2).

moralo

Qalong sekemeng London Sekhukhu ile kopantswe le 'mapa oa motse oo, e le keketseho ea mofuta ona wa tsamaisa, thata bonwang temoho ea bapalami ba. Hamorao, ka 1933 ke Garri Bek etselitsoeng bukana tlhahisoleseding, eo beha mohala ka morao tlhohlomiso, ho ena le libaka, 'me le leng le motho e kgethuweng mmala.

Buka e ikhethang dibaga fonte, e ngotsoe lentsoe ka Sekhukhu ka semelo putsoa, li entsoe ke Edward Johnston ka 1916. Logo le mantsoe ana a ngotsoeng ka holimo ho lilemo tse pele ba teng e se e tsejoa ka mabitso a tse kang "phofung" le "leihlo poho". Ke selika-likoe khubelu, e leng e ntse e feta ka e le setsi sa ea mola e putsoa. The moqapi ea pontšo ena e ntse e le e sa tsejoeng. Mora mekhoa eohle ea ho tsamaisa tla ba teng tlas'a taolo ea Transport tsa London, setempeng sena ile a qala ho sebelisoa ho seteishene tekesi, bese, literempe, DLR le ba bang.

Kajeno ho tsamaea ka London Sekhukhu, o ka habonolo bapisa le ho ea Musiamo ea Mehleng ea Kajeno Art. Advertising sebaka e hona joale ho ka mafolofolo tlala lithothokiso le bonono metako, ka tsela eo ho bōpa e feto-fetoha e thabisang har'a baeti. Sena se bahahlauli hape unspeakably thaba le baeti motseng, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore litšenyehelo tsa ho e tsoella batho ba baholo, ho itšetlehile ka ho bopa dikgaolo tsa karolelano ea liponto 3. litekete bana chelete halofo theko.