Ravelin ke ... Famous Russian ravelins

Ravelin ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa seo ho thoeng ke bastion system ea liqhobosheane tse ileng tsa hlaha nakong ea Nako e Ncha (XVII-XIX lekholong la lilemo). Ravelin ke eng? Tlhaloso ea lentsoe lee ke efe? Hona ke mosebetsi ofe oo o o etsang ka liqhobosheane?

Likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea libaka tsa liqhobosheane

Ka nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea libetsa tsa khale lekholong la bo16 la lilemo, ponahalo le ntlafatso e tsitsitseng ea mekhoa ea libaka tsa liqhobosheane li amahanngoa. Liqhobosheane tsa mehleng e bohareng le majoe a maholo li ne li ke ke tsa hlola li tobana le libetsa tse ncha. Mabota a qhobosheane a ne a sa khone ho mamella liqhomane tsa bona tse matla. Ka hona, marako a ile a qala ho hahuoa ka tlaase, a lefa tlhokomelo e kholo ho botenya ba bona. Haufinyane litora tse phahameng li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke libaka tse fokolang, tseo qetellong li ileng tsa fetoha tse khōloanyane le tse nahanang haholoanyane ka sebopeho.

Ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa (mefuta) ea tsamaiso ea libaka tsa liqhobosheane. Tsena ke:

• Litšehetso;
• Lithakha;
• Li-ravelin;
• Ho fokotseha;
• Citadel.

Ravelin ke eng? Hona o bapala karolo efe ho thibela? Sena se tla tšohloa ka ho qaqileng hamorao.

Ravelin ke ...

Lentsoe lena le na le lihlahisoa tsa Selatine (ravelere) kapa Setaliana (ravellino). Tlhaloso ea lentsoe "ravelin" (khatello ea kelello e behoa hantle setulong sa ho qetela) - "arohana" kapa "ho khaola". Ke tsela eo e ka fetoleloang ho tloha Selatine.

Ka holimo ho tsohle, Ravelin ke lentsoe la meralo le sebelisoang haholo litabeng tsa sesole. Ena ke tokiso e eketsehileng , e pakeng tsa libaka tse peli tse haufi le ka pel'a moatleng oa qhobosheane. Ka moralo, e na le molao oa sebopeho.

Hangata ho feta moo, Ravelin o na le ponahalo ea lebelo le matla la majoe le casemates bakeng sa ho beha liqhomane le likotoana tsa lithunya. Ho feta moo, bophahamo ba moeli ona e lokela ho ba limithara tse 1-1.5 ka tlas'a marako a qhobosheane e ka sehloohong. Ho ts'oareloa mahlaseli a marang-rang ho etsoa mesebetsi e 'maloa ea bohlokoa. Ke tsena:

• Koahela marako a maholo a qhobosheane a mollo oa likoloi;
• Ho hlaseloa ha lifofane ka mabotho a lira;
• O ne a leka ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho bahlabani pele ho li-counterattacks.

Li-ravelin li ne li sebelisoa haholo Europe ka lilemo tse ka bang makholo a mabeli (ho tloha ho XVI ho ea ho XIX). Ba bangata ba bona ba pholohile mehleng ea rona, haholo-holo, le tšimong ea Russia.

Li-ravelins tse tsebahalang tsa Russia

Mohlomong mehlala e tsotehang ka ho fetisisa ea li-ravelin sebakeng sa Russia ea kajeno e hahiloe St. Petersburg-Alekseevsky le Ioannovsky. Ba ile ba rehelloa ka beng ka bona ba Petrose e Moholo: ka ho latellana, ka tlhompho ea ntat'a bona le ka tlhompho ea mor'abo rona oa borena. E mong oa bona (Ioannovsky) a ka hlahlojoa ka hare ho Peter le Paul Fortress kajeno.

Alekseevsky Ravelin qetellong ea lekholo la XIX la lilemo, bomalimabe, e ile ea senngoa. Ke thahasello ea hore o entse mesebetsi ea sebopeho se sireletsehileng, empa hape le chankana ea qhobosheane. E ne e e-na le Mapolesa a mangata le bahanyetsi ba puso ea tsarist. Chankana ea Alekseevsky ravelin e bile teng ho fihlela ka 1884.

E 'ngoe e tsebahalang ka ravelin e Sevastopol. Sebaka sena se matla sa thepa se hahiloe ka 1840 ho sireletsa sebaka sa motse ho hlaseloa ke likepe tsa sera tse tsoang leoatleng. Seo ho thoeng ke betri ea Constantine ea Sevastopol e ile ea phetha karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa habeli historing: nakong ea Crimea (1854-1855) le Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše.

Qetello

Ravelin ke mohaho o thusang oa tšireletso e sireletsehileng e 'nileng ea sebelisoa haholo ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la bo17 la lilemo. Mesebetsi e ka sehloohong bakeng sa setsi sena ke tse peli: ho thibela litlhaselo tsa sera le ho sireletsa marako a qhobosheane mollong oa libetsa tsa lira.