Polymers maiketsetso

Kajeno, ntle le ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ya polymers, mohlomong, ho le thata ho nahana leha e le efe e 'ngoe ea tlhahiso ea kajeno. Ba hapa boemong bo ka sehloohong ho indasteri e boima 'me mosebetsi oa kaho o hammoho le leseling le lijo liindasteri le. ke eng boitsebiso boo ka mohlolo?

ke polymers seo

Lehoakhoa - ke ntho macromolecular entsoeng ka buuoang ka eona khafetsa dibopeho ketane (monomers). diyuniti joalo ka ketane polymer ka ba e ngata ka ho fetisisa. sebelisana bona le balekane ba bona ka litlamo covalent eo kgothaletsa sebopeho sa macromolecules ena.

Polymers tse manyolo kapa inorganic hlahang ho yona. The manyolo metsoako ea limolek'hule, ho ba teng ha k'habone e hlokahalang, e leng se ka sehloohong ho dibopeho inorganic kapa a maiketsetso a. Organic metsoako polymeric ke elements-k'habone-ketane le hetero.

Ho phaella moo, polymers ntse arotsoe ka tlhaho, maiketsetso le maiketsetso. Moo ho monotsepey manyolo ke liphetoho tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale lokisoa joaloka macromolecular komponeng maiketsetso. Mohlala, k'hothone boea bo kapa ka ho tshebetso lik'hemik'hale, e fetoloa ea likhole tse iketselitsoeng polymeric.

Le ke litsobotsi life tsa polymers maiketsetso tsa maiketsetso? Morao-rao difeme dithulaganyo lumella ho bōptjoa ha e polymers maiketsetso kapa synthesizing ntle le ho sebelisa taba manyolo, ke hore, sebopeho sa thepa maiketsetso. Maiketsetso polymers tse lokiselitsoeng ke tswakana e bonolo ya dintho tlase limolek'hule kapa ho tswa ho lintho tse ling tsa maiketsetso polymeric.

tlhophiso ea polymers

Tlas'a maemo a systematization go baya ka ditlhopha ka bona lihlopha tsa tse latelang:

1. polymers phoofolo Natural sebelisoa ke moloko oa batho ka nako e telele. Mehlala ke tse latelang: edible gelatin, glycogen.

2. Natural dimela polymers, eo re neng re boetse re tloaetse. starch ena, rabara, selulose le lignin.

3. Natural matsoai polymers - e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa silica kapa quartz matsoai bitsoa lefika kristale. Penta kristale fetoha lejoe la bohlokoa - amethyst. Foromo phofshoana e sokoloha ka lehlabathe tloaelehileng.

4. Maiketsetso polymers entseng ho tloha monomers manyolo. Selulose dintho leaching sebelisa polyesters entse: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza le methylcellulose sebediswa ho indasteri e pente. dintho tse ngata tse joalo li entsoe ka boea, letlalo, boea, silika le joalo-joalo. D.

5. maiketsetso polymers ba ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka mafapha a mangata liindasteri, re ile ra fumana 'me ea namela khōlō. Ka mohlala, lefapha khanya tse lohiloeng le knitted masela ea likhole tse iketselitsoeng tse kang poliester, nylon polypropylene, nitrone. Ba matla haholo 'me hoo e batlang e sa hlakoheng. Maiketsetso polymers ya data emelang sebopeho tsa motheo tsa likhoele dinama tse nyenyane tse fumanoa ka polycondensation tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale dintho acid tse kang ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, e polyolefin kapa polyacrylonitrile. Ka hona, le litšobotsi tsa mantlha polimerov- "baholo-holo" ba a tšoaetsanoang ka, 'me e polisoedineniyam mocha ka ho feletseng. Ka lebaka leo, re fumana leseli haholo le rekere thepa ka tlaase mogote conductivity, ke manganga ho lik'hemik'hale, 'meleng le sepakapakeng litla.

Ka lebaka la batho ba bangata thepa ea bohlokoa, polymers maiketsetso fumane kopo se feela ho indasteri e Textile, empa hape le moriana, litlolo le indasteri nkhang hamonate, temo, likoloi, kaho, ba ntlo le likarolong tse ling.