Palo ea baahi ba Donetsk ka Ukraine

Toropong ea bohlano kholo ka ho fetisisa ka Ukraine. Pele e neng e motse-rrammilione, 'me hona joale u se ke ua finyella boemo ba bona. Motse-moholo oa Donbass. Donetsk.

Ntlha tshimololang

Ho fapana le metse-meholo e ka ho fetisisa, tse khōlō le tse nyenyane, Donetsk ke ke ithorisa tsa histori ea ruileng. Territory ea motse e tlang nako le nako ba lula Cossacks tloha lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e supileng, empa e ne e se ho fedisa ho sa feleng. Mothehi selemo ke selemo 1869, ha batho ba Wales, John Dzheyms Hyuz a qala ho haha ka sebaka sa ka nako eo Ekaterinoslav Province metallurgical semela. semela A e ntse e hahoa ka ho fedisa bakeng sa basebetsi ba nakong e tlang, e leng e le ho hlompha mong'a ka o ne a bitsoa, hanyenyane rehoa ho tsela ea moo - Yuzivka. Lifika li khethoa ke motse ba ne ba breeders tse ling, ea ileng a haha le boenjiniere, foundries tšepe, naetrojene, Coke, 'me limela tse ling. A sebakeng Yuzovka hōla ka potlako, batho ba tsoa hohle Russia Muso sebakeng sena se secha liindasteri. Ha ka nako e sa motheo oa baahi ba motse ba ne ba batho ba ka tlase ho tse makholo a mabeli ka mor'a lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano - tse hlano le halofo tse sekete, ka mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli ea baahi ba Donetsk (ka nako eo Yuzovka kapa esita le motse) feta mashome a mararo tse sekete. boemo ba motse o ne a ile a fumana ka selemo sa October Phetohelo, ha palo ea baahi e feta batho ba mashome a tšeletseng tse sekete.

City ka Union pele ho ntoa nako

Nakoana ka mor'a toropo fumana boemo ba e tsa tsamaiso (setereke) setsi, 'me ka 1923 a fetola lebitso la lona ho Stalin. Fetisisa bona sena e le renaming lebitso la moeta-pele oa Soviet Union, empa ba bang ba bo-rasaense ba lumela hore ka ho ba sieo ha borapeli ba botho ba mehleng eo motse feela o ne a bitsoang lebitso feela liindasteri. Stalin a tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele ka potlako, 'me ka nako eo a neng a fetoha setsi sa lebatowa ka 1932, e na le baahi ba ka holimo ho makholo a mabeli tse sekete. Area, ka tsela eo, e bitsoang Donetsk le ka 1938 e ile ea aroloa tse peli - Donetsk o ile a sala le thehoa le lecha - Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk nakong e tlang). Sena se ne se ama ho palo e phahameng ea ho eketseha ha baahi ba lulang sebakeng seo. Qalong ea e Moholo ho rata naha ntoa ea baahi ba Donetsk (ka lilemo tseo ke Stalin) moholo ho feta batho ba makholo a mahlano tse sekete.

baahi sesole fokotseha le poso-ntoa liindasteri boom boom

ntoa haholo fokolitse palo ea baahi. Karolo bokelloa bakeng sa ntoa, ba bang ba e-shoa ho sireletsa motse, ba bang ba bona ba ile ba lelekeloa Jeremane, empa batho ba bangata e se e le sieo ho sebakeng seo. Ka lebaka leo, ka 1943 palo ea baahi ba motse oa Donetsk (bokamoso) ke batho ba ka tlase ho tse makholo a mabeli tse sekete. Empa naha ea poso-ntoa hloka mehlodi ya khōlō, hobane sebaka Donetsk lilemong tsena e se e ka mafolofolo ba ile ba lula ka bajaki ba tsoang likarolong tsohle tsa Soviet Union. Naha batla ho fumana mashala le tšepe manya, 'me ba ntse ba eketseha ka meepo batla ho eketsa basebetsi ba merafong. Palo ea baahi ba Donetsk ke 1951 o ne a se feta boemong ba pele ho ntoa, ho fetisetsa letšoao le makholo a mahlano le likete tse leshome, 'me ke bo-1956 - batho ba makholo a tšeletseng ba mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano tse sekete.

Lebitso morao-rao

lebitso la lona hona joale ba motse ba ile ba fumana e le lilemo tse seng kae ka mor'a lefu la Stalin ka 1961. Ka nako eo, palo ea baahi ba ka Donetsk ne haufi le letšoao la batho ba makholo a supileng le mashome a mahlano tse sekete, 'me ea tsoela pele ho hōla. Tekanyo ea keketseho ea e liehisa, empa ho latela ditirisanommogo, baahi ba motse ona e ile ea e-haholo. Le ka 1978, e le bohato ba bohlokoa tiileng e ile ea fihla palo baahi ba Donetsk. Ukraine a amohetseng le lecha motseng oo-rrammilione. From hore motsotso ka khōlo ea baahi e liehisa haholo, joalokaha eka u hanetseng ka ho pharalla ha motse-rrammilione. Baahi ba hōla sekhahla e nyenyane haholo - e le koketsego ya selemo le selemo ea e-ba ka karolelano baahi ba likete tse leshome tse ncha. Leha ho le joalo, butle empa tsitsitseng keketseho e entse hore 'nete ea hore nakong ea ho putlama ha Soviet Union, palo tlhōrō ea baahi e ile ea fihla le ho Donetsk. Ukraine, palo ea baahi e ile ea fihla le tlhōrō ea eona, e ne e le motse oo ba ne ba lula le palo e khōlō ea baahi ba ka histori lona - batho ba fetang milione tse lekholo le mashome a mabeli le nngwe tse sekete. From motsotso ona baahi ba Donetsk ne tsitsitseng empa butle fokotseha. Mathoasong a 2005, palo ea baahi ba ne se baahi ba ka tlaase ho milione.

The laoloeng le toropo e kileng ea wa provense,

Ho bonahala eka ha Donetsk kaha motheo lona e leka ho pheha khang le Dnepropetrovsk bakeng sa tokelo ea ho ba le liindasteri setsi sa Ukraine. Ka potlako ho ntshetsa pele, motse-moholo oa Donbass ka baahi lilemong tse prewar, ka ho toba tšoaroa motseng oa hae oa pele la provense. Ha ho Donetsk le sebakeng khatiso e etsoang tabeng meepo mashala le indasteri tšepe, e Dnepropetrovsk ho feta ho ntshetsa pele boenjiniere. Ka mor'a ntoa, ho hlokahala holimo mehlodi ya tsohle tseo se ka nako eo o qalisa ntshetsopeleng ya. Ka lebaka leo, ka potlako poso-ntoa kgolo ya libaka meepo o ne a bolela hore palo ea batho ba Donetsk ka mashome a mahlano le sixties ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli e feta palo ea baahi ba setsi sa lebatowa haufinyane. Empa le e le qalo ea 1970s ea boemo bo fetohile ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng. Eketsa palo ea baahi ba Dnipropetrovsk ka nako ena ile ea etsa hore ha e le hantle hore motse oo o ile a fumana millionth lona ho moahi ea lilemo tse peli pele ho Donetsk. Ho tloha ka nako eo, 'me ke ile ka hlokomela palo ea parity - ka bohareng le boenjiniere oa ba phelang hangata mashome a mahlano ho tse mashome a supileng tse sekete ho feta bohareng meepo. metse e bobeli ba ile ba fihlela tlhōrō ka nako eo Ukraine fumana boipuso: seo Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk eo. Ukraine palo ea baahi (baahi 2014 - milione 48 batho ka 1991 - 52 milione) kaha lona butle-butle lahlehileng, 'me palo ea baahi ba metse e ba babeli ba ile fokotswa ka lebelo lekanang.

potso e National

Ho fapana le metseng e meng e mengata ea Donetsk, Leha ho le joalo ke merabe e fapaneng, empa ka lebaka la ho Russia le Ukrainians, e motseng ona ea 48 le 47 ba etsang liphesente tse, ka ho latellana. liphesente tse e mong oa baahi ba motse le baemeli ba Belarusian Segerike. Tse setseng ba etsang liphesente tse tharo tsa baahi ba batho ba lichaba tse ling, har'a tse Bajuda, Tatars, Armenians, Azerbaijanis le Georgians. Ho thahasellisang ke hore lilemong tsa bo-twenties ea tse lekholo tse fetileng baahi ba, le hoja e ne e le linako tse hoo e ka bang quire nyenyane merabe sebopeho ile fapaneng. Ho Russia hore u ba etsang liphesente tse fetang 55 tsa baahi ba moo, Ukrainians - 25, Bajuda ba ne ba etsang liphesente tse fetang 10, ho phaella moo, ho na le e ne e le palo e khōlō ea lipalo le Majeremane.

conurbation

Ho phehelleng boiketlo ya taolo ya Donetsk e arotsoe literekeng tse robong, e mong le e ba e mabapi le lekholo likete batho. Empa Donbas sebakeng na le phahameng baahi segokanyipalo leo metse ea motho meeli ba ka ho toba le hlakoloa. Karolo e khōlō ea baahi ba ka Makeyevka, empa Khartsizk hae, Avdeevka, Yasinovataya 'me ba bang tse ling tse nyenyane thuto tsa litoropo e leng karolo ea sebakeng seo le' ngoe motse-moholo. Haeba re ka nka, hammoho le metseng e meholo e haufi ea Donetsk nang le baahi ba ka bang limilione tse peli batho.

Ka mor'a 2014

Ka bomalimabe, ho na le liketsahalo tse bohloko ka Ukraine, e leng qala ka 2014, o ne a sa ama palo ea batho ba Donetsk. Baemedi ba Republic le Donetsk Batho, e leng hona joale ba e le setsi sa Donetsk, ba bolela hore palo ea baahi e fokotseha, 'me haeba, ka nako eo hanyenyane feela. Empa bashebelli ikemetseng re hakaalo hore likhakanyo hakanngoa baahi ba motse ona e hana haholo 'me kajeno ke batho ba ka tlase ho tse makholo a supileng tse sekete. Empa e lokela ho utloisisa hore ho baahi ba Donetsk le sebaka se lohle le tla tsosolosoa, e le ha etsahala'ng ka mor'a Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše.