Ntoa ea Tsushima 1905. sesole sa metsing Battle ka Leoatle la Japane. Tsushima Strait

Ntoa ea Tsushima ka 1905 tsa Serussia Pacific likepe ho tloha Japanese Imperial Navy utloe bohloko ka ho hlōloa habohloko. Ka lebaka leo, leoatle ea ntoeng Russia lebothong leo ile a hlōla le ho timetsoa. Karolo e khōlō ea likepe tsa ntoa Russia e ile torpedoed ke basesisi ba likepe ba Japanese le tletse metsi le litho basebetsi. Ba bang ba likepe e ile a phatlalatsa ba inehele bona, likepe tse 'nè feela o ile a khutlela lebōpong la kou ea habo. Russia-Japanese ntoa (1904-1905) e ile ea fela ka hlōloa ka sehloohong la sesole la likepe Russia ho tloha lebōpong la Tsushima sehlekehleke sohle (Japan). ke eng mabaka a hlōloa, 'me ho ne ho sephetho mong khoneha ea liketsahalo?

Boemo sesole le ba lipolotiki ba ka Bochabela bo Hōle

Russia-Japanese ntoa ea 1904-1905 qala ka makala ha tlhaselo ke destroyers Japanese sesoleng hona jareteng loana ka likepeng Russia eme Litsela tsa Port Arthur. tse peli tse boima libetsa koloi le e 'ngoe holim' sejana ile ea senyeha ka ho sa tlhaselo torpedo. History of Bochabela bo Hōle na le e ngata ea nkang khato ea sesole. Kaofela ha bona ba ne ba etselitsoe ho hapa le ho botjha arola Makala tšusumetso karolong ena ea naha e Serussia.

takatso ea Japane ho busa ka leboea-bochabela China le hloahloa Korean matla tshehetswa ke Brithani le United States of America. The 'maloa Russia entseng selekane, tse kang Fora, Jeremane le ba bang, ka taba ea ho boloka masimong Russia ka matla tshehetswa Russia Moemphera Nicholas II. Leha ho le joalo, ka linako tse makhaola-khang ea mosolotogamaano lekile leha ho le joalo ha ba nke lehlakore. Kgothaletsa entseng selekane le a bonahatsa feela ha tsela e lumellanang le lithahasello tsa bona tsa khoebo.

Mosolotogamaano ho etsa liqeto

Tswelela pele ho matlafatsa le Japanese tlhaselo Port Arthur, e le setsi se ka sehloohong sa ho Russia Pacific Fleet, qobelloa Moemphera Nicholas II ho nka mehato e tiileng. qeto ea e ne e entsoe ka July 1904. The fokolisang tsa Pacific lebothong leo ho hlōla 'me a timetse likepe Japanese o ile a romeloa ho tloha Kronstadt lebothong leo tlasa boetapele ba Motlatsi Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Ke ka tsela likepe Baltic fumana hore Port Arthur e nkiloeng, 'me likepe tsohle litseleng tletse metsi. Pacific likepe e timetsoa. Ena ke histori ea likepe e name ha Russia Bochabela bo Hōle. Leha ho le joalo, Nicholas II etsa qeto ea ho tsoela pele tseleng ea likepe 'muso ho mabōpong a Japane. E le hore re matlafatsa lebothong leo hlasela tloha Leoatle la Baltic e se e ile a romela detachment sa likepe ntoa ea Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

bahanyetsi ba sa lekaneng matla

Tsoela pele ho Ntoa ea Tsushima ka bona esale pele ho ea ka palo ea diyuniti tsa mahlakoreng farologang. Pacific likepe Motlatsi Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky ba kenyelletsa:

• 8 lebothong leo ea boima libetsa likepe (battleships) khahlanong 4 Japanese;
• 3 Coast Balebeli battleship khahlanong le likepe 6 ea sera;
• 1 ho 8, kreyserny armadillo diyuniti Imperial Japanese likepe;
• 8 ho ea ho 16, cruisers cruisers Japanese;
• 5 ho tse 24 ka tlaasana ea makhotla a sesole Japane;
• 9 Russia khahlanong 63 Japanese destroyers.

Ka ba molemo ho bonahalang eka ba loantša Japanese Admiral Togo Heyhatiro ipuella. Phihlelo ea Japanese likepe ntoa fetoa Russia likarolong tsohle, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore histori ea lintoa tsa sesole sa metsing e Russia e ne e le ruileng haholo. Japanese sesole metsu bohlale tseba tsebo ea ho hlōla sera se ka mefuta e fapaneng nako e telele, ka e korotsoeng 'ngoe le likepe tse' maloa. Phihlelo ena e ne e se Russia likepe. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa nakong e ne e le parades moemphera (parades), thepa leoatleng, e leng e tshwerweng selemo le selemo ka ditaelo tsa Moemphera Nicholas II.

Liphoso le miscalculations Russia admiral

Sepheo mosolotogamaano ea neng a le leetong la Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo e ne e le la tšoasoa la Leoatle la Japane. boemo ba motho ba joalo e ile ea fanoa ke Moemphera Nicholas II. Leha ho le joalo, ZP Rozhdestvensky boneng sepheo sa yona tshebetso ya tse latelang: makhotla a leha e le efe, ho sa tsotellehe ho lahleheloa ke ba likepe tsa bona, ho senya ka ho Khabarovsk. Ho ka etsahala hore ho circumvent lihlekehlekeng Japanese ho ea ka bochabela, e ka ba qeto e nkilweng maqiti nepahetse, le Tsushima sesole sa metsing ea ntoeng Ho ke ke ha etsahala.

Empa admiral o ile a khetha o fapaneng, e khutsoanyane tseleng. Ho ile ha etsoa qeto ho ea ka straits ena. Korea Strait tlohang East China le Leoatle la Japane, tsoela pota sehlekehlekeng sa Tsushima, eo, le eena, o na litsela tse peli: ka bophirimela le ka bochabela le temana (Tsushima Strait). E ne e ho na le e sa Russia basesisi ba likepe le leta Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

litemana tsohle tse thibetsoeng

Molaoli oa likepe Japanese le khethileng le tokelo ma mwango mosolotogamaano bakeng sa ntoa ho ka khonehang. Patrol likepe ketane ho ile ha hlophisoa pakeng tsa lihlekehleke tsena, tseo ka tsebisa molaoli ka tsamaisa ka khonehang 'me ba atamela ka likepe Serussia. Mathōkong a Khabarovsk Japanese bohlale beha minefields. Tsohle ke loketse bakeng sa ntoa. likepe Japanese Battle of Tsushima lebeletsoe mokgwathupelo sa likepe ho Serussia. Pacific Fleet molaoli o ile a hana ho leihlo ea likepe e name, ea tšabang sibolloa ha lebothong leo ea hae bohlale cruisers lireng.

Mathoasong a hoseng ntoa ea Tsushima, letsatsing la la 14 May, 1905, o ile a qala.

Phello e totobetseng ea ntoeng e khōlō ea Russia-Japanese Ntoa

Romela jwalo armada Motley tse tharo leoatle tse ngata ne ho bonahala eka bohlanya. Phutuhong ena ahlotsoeng romeloa kileng ba sebeletsa le mekgwa e qhoaetsoe, clocked ho fihlela makholo a likete limaele nautical, le tsa morao-rao, ho phethoa ka lepotlapotla, ba ne ba sa feta lijana tekong. Basesisi ba likepe ba kamehla a bua ka likepe tsa bona e le libōpuoa tse sa pheleng sentient. Armadillos le mabitso a balaoli tummeng joaloka ka ho toba o ne a sa batle ho tsamaea le ho isa lefung itseng.

Di khomarela tseleng fatše Setlankana sa, tebang hole mabota fektheri ka ho lokisa, a lula fatše ka banka, o ile a sebeletsa e ka bang temoso matšoao e le totobetseng la basebetsi bona.

E ha a lumele ho lipontšo tsa se tlang?

Qalong ea bo-1900 ka studio chesoa kopano ea mohlala ea battleship "Moemphera Alexander III». The tsoibiloang la sekepe sena se ne se tsebahala ka ho oa ha flagpole le molao-motheo oa moemphera le tsamaea le mahlatsipa batho.

Battleship "Eagle" teba ka kou ea lehae, 'me hamorao ka makhetlo a mangata a lutse tsielehile, tšoasa ho fihlela le lebothong leo ka Gulf. Battleship "Khanya" ka kakaretso ba sa khone ho ea ho hloa.

Leha ho le joalo, taelo ea phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya ikhalala efe kapa efe e neng e sa tsejoeng. September 26, 1904 ka Revel (eo e neng Tallinn) e neng e tšoaretsoe ho parade phahameng ka ho fetisisa 'muso. Nicholas II o ne o potoloha tsohle likepe le basesisi ba likepe ba ne ba batla ho finyella Port Arthur le amahanya le lebothong leo la pele la Pacific Fleet ho mmoho ipabola Leoatle la Japane. Ka mor'a beke, battleships supileng, cruiser, destroyers kile ua sala mabōpong ea habo bona. 220 letsatsi letšolo la ho Japanese mabōpong bolelele ba 18 likete nautical limaele e qalile.

contingencies

Bothata ka sehloohong a tobana le ke taelo ea lebothong leo, - e le le bothata ba ho mafura a la. Tlas'a molao machaba ea likepe e name ka nako eo ea likepe tsa ntoa tsa mabifi a ka 'na ho ea likoung ditho tsa mokga se nke lehlakore feela bakeng sa letsatsi. Engelane, ea ileng a laola boholo ba liteishene play loading ka tsela ea lebothong leo ka, koaloa likoung lona bakeng sa likepe tsa ntoa Serussia.

Phepelo lebothong leo mashala, dipehelo le metsi a hloekileng, o ile a ea ho hlophisa ho toba ka leoatleng. Bakeng sa ho lokisa e ile a hlomelloa ka kokoano khethehileng "Kamchatka", ho feletseng le baithaopi ba mesebetsi ea matsoho. Tshohanyetso, ba boetse ba kopanela qetello ea basesisi ba likepe ba ka. Ka kakaretso, ho sebediswa ha e tshebetsong mosolotogamaano ea joalo melemo tekanyo e le lintlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa.

The boima ka ho fetisisa oa mashala play loading ka maoatle phahameng, ho mamelleha e chesang e mongobo mocheso, ha mocheso ka likamoreng ba tanka fihla 70º Celsius, sefefo haholo theoha Cape oa Tšepo Good - tsohle ena aa ka a khaotsa motsamao oa lebothong leo ka. Le ea mong oa likepe o ile a ke ke ea khutla.

Circumnavigation leeto ka maoatleng tse tharo

Russia lebothong leo, joaloka ghost ka fellang teng, ke ka seoelo atamela likoung le likou. Lefatše lohle le shebella e tsamaea. Machaba telegraph tape le mohala mela ne yo a pakeletswego. Correspondents le batlalehi ba ne ba lebela lebothong leo tseleng kaofela:

• Port Said (Egepeta);
• Djibouti (Afrika Bochabela);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (South Africa).

Empa boiteko bohle ba ne ba atleha. Pele nako e telele ho paka o ne a le Bay Masiba (Madagascar). Ho na le e boetse e ile ka matha ka thunyang Rear Admiral DG Felkerzama semelo sa, a ho qetela lekgutshwanyane sehiloeng ka Suez Canal. Nakong ya dira dithutiso tsa Madagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky o ne a kholisehile tsa ho hloleha ba leng ka tlaasana bona ho thunya ka nepo le ho laola ka nepo.

Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se makatse. Basebetsi ho ile ha thehoa hangata ea bosoleng le lebokose fumana kotlo. Likhoeli tse peli hamorao - qhomela ka mose ho Leoatle la Indian. Lekanngoe khathetse lebothong leo o ile a kopana le batšoasi ba litlhapi ba Machaena Toropong ea Straits ka Singapore, e Vietnamesisch ka Cam foolo. Latest halichondriidae ne ba ka bona sehlekehleke sa Jeju Korean divers perela. Haufinyane qala Ntoa ea Tsushima, letsatsing la lefu la motho ea lebothong leo atamela.

The salvo pele ka sera

Ka mor'a lihora tse 13 metsotso e 40 flagship battleship "Prince Suvorov" eteletsoe pele ke boemo Captain 1st V. V. Ignatsiusa larileng ka ka tsela e leboea-bochabela 23. metsotso tse robong hamorao, lithunya hae o ile a bula mollo ka likepe Japanese, 'me esita le le khanyelitse ka karabelo qhoma ka mor'a metsotso e' meli volleys. Tsushima sesole sa metsing ea ntoeng qala. Boholo ba basebetsi sephetho ne ho hlakile esita le ka Petersburg.

From lengolo le eang ho molaoli oa basesisi ba sekepe ba battleship Balebeli "Moemphera Alexander III» Captain 3rd boemo NM Buhvustova: "O batla hore re hlōla. Ha ho potang hore re batla ho. Empa ho hapa ha e. Ka nako e tšoanang, 'me ke ile ka tšepisa hore re tla tsohle shoa, empa u se ke ua tela. " Molaoli boloka lentsoe la hae 'me o ile a bolaoa hammoho le ea ho hlophisoa tletse battleship ena.

Ntoa ea Tsushima, ka bokhutšoanyane ka ba ka sehloohong

Ka mor'a lihora tse 14 'me ka metsotso e 15, hantle metsotso mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano ka mor'a ho qala ha ntoeng, ho battleship "Oslabya" e eteletsoeng pele ke Captain 1st boemo V. I. Berom, ka matla Vasitis nko le mollo e khōlō ka Rostra keleketla le oela ka lehlakoreng le letšehali . metsotso e leshome hamorao, o ile a nyamela ka tlas'a metsi, ba siea feela le lehong likhechana le flounder batho metsi ka holim'a metsi.

Metsotso e seng mekae ka mor'a lefu la "Oslabya" latellana tsoa likepe odara torpedoed ke basesisi ba likepe ba Japanese.

Ke lihora tse 16 ho tsoa e le hore battleship "Prince Suvorov", le ileng la hampe e sentsoeng sebopeho ke likhetla Japanese. Ha a hopola o sehlekehlekeng o tukang, e le tse ka bang hlano lihora ho bonahatsa litlhaselo tsa sera. Ka metsotso ea ho qetela ea basesisi ba Russia ba khutlela mollo feela ho pholoha trohdyuymovki le lithunya. Battleship amohetse tse supileng torpedo Hits 'me a ea ka tlas'a metsi.

Nakoana pele ho moo ke ile ka khona ho tlosa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo le lere la ka motimetsi "Wild mong". Kakaretso ea batho ba 23 ba ile ba ba ntsoa sebakeng sena. ha ho motho ea neng a khona ho pholosa ho feta. O ile a laela battleship 'me a shoa ka mo motsamaisi oa boemo bo tlaase la 1st, tsebo e metsing pentiloeng Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

Ka kakaretso, nakong ea Serussia-Japanese ntoa bafu ba babeli e babatsehang moetsi oa litšoantšo, le tsa baithuti ba bobeli ba Marine botseta, 'me ke le makatsang iketsahalletseng namesake feletseng. The moetsi oa litšoantšo ea bobeli - ke Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, khangoa ke metsi hammoho le battleship "Petropavlovsk" ho tloha lebōpong la Port Arthur. Ha ka nako e tšoanang le eena o ile a bolaoa 'me Admiral S. O. Makarov, ea seng a hlōla lintoa tse ngata leoatle Russia le ne le khanya le khanya ea likepe Serussia. Ka mor'a flagship "Knyaz Suvorov" Russia Imperial Fleet lahlehileng:

• "Sisoy Veliky" tlas'a taelo ea Captain 1st boemo M. P. Ozerova;
• battleship "Navarino", se eteletsoe pele ke Captain 1st boemo, Baron B. A. Fitingofom;
• cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" e tlase ho hamorao botlamuoeng motsamaisi 1st boemo A. Rodionova;
• battleship "Admiral Ushakov", eo molaoli ne Captain 1st boemo V. N. Mikluhina (sekepe bolaea ba ho qetela ba lebothong leo Russia);
• "Admiral Senyavin" eteletsoe pele ke boemo Captain 1st S. I. Grigorevym, ea ileng a haptjoa ke ho Japanese.

Tlokotsi e tsoela pele

Ntoa ea Tsushima ka 1905 ho feta le ho feta nkoa ka tebileng basesisi Russia le likepe tsa bona. E mong lefu khoneng battleship kena metsi le matsoho 'ohle a le ka ho sona. Ho fihlela motsotsong oa ho qetela ho batho - ho tloha motsamaisi ho stoker e - ananela tšepo ea hore e tla ba ka khona ho hlōla Battle e mpe ea Tsushima (1905) le ka 'nete hore leboea-bochabela Russia lebōpong le 23 bonahale. The ntho e ka sehloohong - ho iphelisa. Ba bangata ba shoele ka nahana hore sena. basesisi ba likepe ba Russia ka battleship mathang pineng e tsamaea le ho nka sebaka sa lefu la mak'homreiti bona. Hoeshetsa ba batsho ho tloha melomo e tukang. "Molimo o lula meea ea bona, + Uena Morena"

Timetse ka sehlopha sa hae kaofela ba battleship "Moemphera Alexander III», 'me hamorao "Borodino". Mohlolo phonyoha feela mosesisi oa likepe le mong. Phello ea ntoa e ne e le foregone sephetho. Ntoa ea Tsushima ka 1905 se ile sa re nahana ka invincibility tsa likepe Serussia. Hoseng ka le hlahlamang, ka mor'a ho pholoha bosiu torpedo hlasela bakiloeng ea lebothong leo Russia ba ne ba inehela ho Japanese Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Hamorao Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov ile a ahloleloa ho koalloa chankaneng lilemo tse leshome 'ka ho timetsoa ha sesole sa metsing la Imperial Hae Boholo bo Hlomphehang.

Qetello ea molaoli oa

Molaoli oa motimetsi "Wild mong", ba bolokoa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, e ne e le motsamaisi ea 2nd boemo Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Qetello ea monna enoa ea hlolla haholo. Ho fihlela Russia-Japanese Ntoa, e ne e hydrographer hlahelletseng, motsamai, mofuputsi oa Taimyr, molaoli oa sekepe se pshatlang leqhoa "Ermak". O kenya letsoho Russia leeto Polar tsa Baron Eduard Toll. Khutlela Russia ka mor'a Tsushima, moo eena ka boeena a ile a ipabola ka e mong oa balaoli ba ka holimo tsa Serussia Navy, ka nn Kolomiitsev laetse likepe tse sa tšoaneng. Ka Ntoa ea I ea Lefatše e ile ea fetoha motlatsi-admiral. Ka 1918 o ile a tšoaroa ke Bolsheviks le kenngoa chankaneng ka Petrose le Pauluse ba Qhobosheane. Ka ho fetisisa tsa lingoliloeng tsa Soviet mehla lipale tsa ka nn Kolomiytseva e qetella ka mantsoe ana: "Shoele ka Petrograd, mohlomong ka 1918." Ka 1972, lebitso la hae o ile a fuoa e ncha phagocytal. Feela tsoa ho ile ha fumanoa hore Nicholas Kolomiitsev ka 1918 o ile a balehela Finland. Hamorao o ile a loana ka Leoatleng le Letšo lehlakoreng la Baron Wrangel. Ebe o ile a fallela Fora, 'me o ile a shoa ka United States tlasa mabili a teraka e sesole qetellong ea 1944. Kahoo, sekepe "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" e neng e le 'ngoe feela ka Union Navy sekepe e mong ea bitsoang ka mor'a Admiral ya White Balebeli le expat.

lesedi tsa histori

Ho tswa lenaneng la navies ka nako eo ka le likepe tse peli morupeluoa Battle of Tsushima pholoha ho fihlela matsatsi a rōna. Hoa tsebahala ka cruiser "Aurora" le Japanese battleship "Mikasa", ho flagship tsa Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" ka Tsushima lokolloa ho sera ka likhetla tse likete tse peli, ho ba le, le eena, a mashome a mabeli-le leng thutsoe. The cruiser ne tshenyo tebileng, litho lesomethataro ea sehlopha sa hae, ho akarelletsa le molaoli oa masole, Captain 1st boemo E. R. Egorev, ba ile ba bolaoa, maqeba batho 83 ho feta. Ba se ke ba khona ho ea pele, "Aurora" le cruiser "Oleg" le "Pearl" disarmed Manila (Philippines). Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling li sesole, kenya letsoho Ntoa ea Tsushima, fana ka mabaka a eketsehileng a cruiser "Aurora" ho ba sehopotso ho feta thunngoa tummeng letho ka October 1917.

Motseng oa Yokosuka litšenyehelo battleship "Mikasa" e le likepe tsa musiamo. Holim 'a eona bakeng sa nako e telele haholo ka Tsushima sehopotso tšoarela liboka tsa kileng ba sebeletsa, barupeluoa ba ea Russia-Japanese ntoa. The Japanese bua ka sefika sena ba histori ka tlhompho e khōlō haholo.

Hopola basesisi bafu ka Tsushima

Ya diyuniti ba 36 ba Russia lebothong leo ka Khabarovsk tlile tse tharo. Bonolo "Almaz" destroyers "tšabehang" le "sebete." Boholo ba likepe le basesisi ba likepe le 5000 ba fumane hore ba phomole ka ho sa feleng ka tlase ea Korea Strait le lihlekehlekeng tsa Tsushima Dazhelet. Mabitla a basesisi ba Russia ba ile ba bolaoa ke maqeba a hae le botlamuoeng, a ntse a ka hloko a sireletsa ke Japanese tse Nagasaki. Ka 1910, St. Petersburg ka chelete ea batho le bahlolohali menehelo ka tempeleng ea lehloa-tšoeu Mopholosi ka Metsi e ile ea hahoa, nehetsoeng ho mahlatsipa a Tsushima. Temple ema ka bokhutšoanyane, ho fihlela 30s bohareng. Russia-Japanese Ntoa, Battle of Tsushima - mantsoe a mabeli a tla lula ka ho sa feleng ho hopola ka ho sa feleng oa batho ba Russia.