Microsomal ho kena moea: sete a itšoare

Karolo e phethoang ke microsomal ho kena moea bophelong ba e phelang ho leng thata ho feteletsa kapa hopotse. Inactivation tsa xenobiotic (dintho tse chefo), ho putlama 'me sebopeho sa li-hormone adrenal amehang metabolism liprotheine le pholosa lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso - e mpa e le karoloana e nyenyane ea mathata a tsebahalang a rarolloa ka lebaka microsomal ho kena moea. Ho ke mohato o ikemetseng 'meleng, e leng e matha ka mor'a ho thuloa ke sa thunya ntho le ho ipolaea le elliminatsiey hae.

tlhaloso

Microsomal ho kena moea - e phorosela a itšoare kenyelelitsoe pele mohato tšokoloho ea xenobiotics. Motheo oa tshebetso larileng ka hydroxylation ya dintho le liathomo oksijene le metsi foromo. Ka lebaka la liphetoho tse ka sebōpeho sa lintho tse bonahalang tse ea pele, le thepa ea eona le ka mohlomong ho hatella kapa Amplified.

Microsomal ho kena moea o o ho conjugation itšoara joang. Ena ea bobeli mohato lengths tsa xenobiotics, qetellong ya eo e leng teng mosebetsi sehlopheng o khomaretse limolek'hule hlahiswa ka hare ho 'mele. Ka linako tse ling sebopeho sa dintho lipakeng tse bakang sebete seleng ea senya, necrosis le dinama tse nyenyane tse degeneration tsa Oncology.

Ho kena moea dihydrobenzophenanthridine mofuta

liphetoho Microsomal ho kena moea etsahala ka ntle ho mitochondria me ka lebaka leo ba chesa ka bang leshome lekholong ea oksijene palogotllhe kenang mele. enzyme ea bohlokoa ho sena - dihydrobenzophenanthridine. Ka sebopeho sa ba bona, liathomo tsa tšepe tse teng ho valence polygonal, tse kang tšepe, molybdenum, koporo, joalo-joalo, 'me ka hona ba ba khona ho amohela dieleketerone. Ka dihydrobenzophenanthridine seleng ea sebakeng vesicles itseng (peroxisomes) teng ka ntle lera la mitochondrial le ka EPR (kaba endoplasmic reticulum). Substrate oela ka peroxisome lahleheloang limolek'hule hydrogen, tse khomaretse ka molek'hule ea metsi ya ho theha peroxide.

Ho na le oxidases hlano feela:

- monoaminooksigenaza (Mao) - thusa ho oxidize adrenaline le tse ling tse amines biogenic hlahisoang ke litsoelesa le adrenal;

- diaminooksigenaza (Dao) - amehang ka ho kena moea oa histamine (mokena-lipakeng oa ho ruruha le kulisoa), polyamines le diamines;

- L-amino acid e dihydrobenzophenanthridine (khr, levorotatory limolek'hule);

- D-amino acid e dihydrobenzophenanthridine (dextrorotatory limolek'hule);

- xanthine - oxidize adenine le guanine (naetrojene makalana kenyelelitsoe DNA molek'hule).

Bohlokoa ba dihydrobenzophenanthridine mofuta microsomal ho kena moea e na le ka ho felisoa ha xenobiotics le inactivate dintho biologically mafolofolo. Thuto peroxide na le bohato bactericidal le tlhoekiso ea ho phetha molao feela oa molato ke lehlakoreng le phello eo nka sebaka sa bohlokoa har'a litla tse ling.

Ho kena moea oxygenase mofuta

Oxygenase mofuta itsoara joang ka seleng e le tsona li etsahala ka kaba endoplasmic reticulum le mitochondria lera la vneschnih. Sena se hloka hore enzyme e itseng - oxygenase hore hlahisa oksijene molek'hule tloha substrate, 'me kenyelletsa hore e be ntho oxidizable. Haeba sebediswa e 'ngoe ea oksijene athomo, e monooxygenase potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e bitswang kapa hydroxylase. Tabeng ea kenyelletsa liathomo tse peli (i.e., e leng molek'hule kaofela oksijene), potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le bitsoa diaksigenaza.

Oxygenase mofuta ho kena moea itsoara joang ka akarelletsa ternary multienzyme rarahaneng hore kopanelang papaling ea ho ka ho fetiswa ha dieleketerone le protons tswa substrate lateloa ke Tshebediso ya ea oksijene. Tsamaiso ena e lohle le hlaha le ho kenya letsoho ha cytochrome P450, e ntse e tla hlalosa ka ho qaqileng le ho feta.

Mehlala oxygenase liphetoho mofuta

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, monooxygenase bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho kena moea le 'ngoe feela ea oksijene athomo ea fumaneha tse peli. La bobeli, ba khomaretse limolek'hule tse peli tsa hydrogen ho theha metsi. Mohlala o mong oa jwalo ba ikutloa ka tsela e sebopeho sa collagen. oksijene mofani tabeng ena sebetsang sebakeng sa hae e le vithamine C. Prolingidroksilaza hlokisang e oksijene molek'hule le fana ka ho proline, eo le eena e le karolo ea procollagen molek'hule. Tshebetso ena e fana ka matla le elasticity ea dinama tse nyenyane tse connective. Ha ho na le ke khaello ea vithamine C, tse tsoelang pele gout. Ho bontša connective dinama tse nyenyane tse bofokoli tsoa mali, ho longoa, tahlehelo ea meno, ke hore, boleng ba collagen ka 'mele ke mona ka tlase.

Mohlala o mong ke hydroxylase hore sokolla k'holeseterole molek'hule. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mekhahlelo ea sebopeho sa li-hormone steroid, ho akarelletsa le ho kopanela liphate.

hase hydroxylase itseng

hydrolase ona o hlokahalang bakeng sa ho kena moea oa lintho tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, tse kang xenobiotics. Se boleloang ke liphetoho ke ho etsa lintho tse joalo ho feta amenable ho tloswa, ho feta qhibilihang ka har'a. Tshebetso ena o bitsoa detoxification, 'me e se etsahala haholo-holo ka sebete.

Ka ho sebelisa molek'hule eohle ea oksijene e hlahisoa lekhalo xenobiotics liphetoho potoloho le li bole kapele 'ea ntho e rarahaneng ka maloa pete le fumaneha bakeng sa ho e hlophisitsweng, tshilong ya dijo.

mefuta e arabelang oksijene

Oksijene e le ntho e ka ba kotsi, kaha ha e le hantle, le ho kena moea - tshebetso go tuka ga molelo. Ka mokgwa wa O limolek'hule ₂ kapa metsi o tsitsitse le lik'hemik'hale inert ke mang, hobane matla a sona boemong ba tletse le dieleketerone ntjha sitoa ho kena. Leha ho le joalo, metsoako eo oksijene e sa ho hang ho na le para ya dieleketerone na phahameng reactivity. Ka hona ba ba bitsoa a sebetsang.

metsoako oksijene joalo:

1. Ka liphetoho monooksidnyh hlahiswa superoxide e aroloa ho ea cytochrome P450.
2. itšoare ka dihydrobenzophenanthridine ke sebopeho sa peroxide anion (peroxide hydrogen).
3. Nakong ya botjha oxygenation ea lisele, e ka buuoa ka makhetlo ischemia.

The oxidizer matla ka ho fetisisa ke hydroxyl khōlō, ho teng ka mahala foromo feela millionth la bobeli, empa ka nako eo ba le nako ea ho ea ka palo ea a itšoare ho kena moea. Tšobotsi lona ke hore hydroxyl khōlō ama ntho feela sebakeng seo e thehoa, e le e ke ke phunyeletse lesela.

Superoxide anion le peroxide hydrogen

dintho tsena ba mafolofolo, eseng feela ka ka taba ea thuto, empa hape ka tse ling hole ho tswa ho bona, kaha ba ka phunyeletse ka lera seleng.

Hydroxyl sehlopha etsa hore ho kena moea tsa litlhaka kahare ho amino acid e: histidine, cysteine le tryptophan. Sena se etsa hore ho inactivation ba litsamaiso potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, hammoho e le ho qhala ea liprotheine lipalangoang. Ho phaella moo, microsomal ho kena moea oa amino acid isang timetsong ea sebōpeho sa nucleic nitrogenous botlaaseng le, ka lebaka leo, u utloisoe bohloko didirisiwa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sele. Le oxidized acid tse mafura tse etsang seleng lera la bilipidnogo lera. Sena se ama e lumellang metsi ho kena ba bona ba, mosebetsi electrolyte lera pompo le lefelo la receptor ena.

Inhibitors tsa microsomal ho kena moea - ke antioxidants. Li fumanoa ka lijo le ho etsoa ka hare ho 'mele. The antioxidant fetisisa tsebahalang ke vithamine E. dintho tsena ka thibela metsoako microsomal ho kena moea. Biochemistry hlalosa sebelisana pakeng tsa bona ka lebaka la poeletsotlaleho. Ke hore, oxidases ho feta ka ho eketsehileng, ba ile ba ba hatella le sekgoeng. Sena se thusa ho boloka ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea le tiisetso ya tikoloho ka hare.

motlakase ketane lipalangoang

tsamaiso e khopo Microsomal ho kena moea ha se qhibilihang ka har'a ka cytoplasm ea likarolo e le hore kaofela ha enzyme lona bokelloa ka holim 'a reticulum endoplasmic. tsamaiso ena e kenyeletsa liprotheine 'maloa, e leng theha electrotransport oa potoloho le:

- NADPH-P450 reductase me cytochrome P450;

- fetang-tsitohromV5 reductase le cytochrome B5;

- steatorrhea-CoA desaturase.

Elektrone mofani ka boholo ba Maemong a liketso tsa NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). Ho oxidizes NADPH-P450 reductase, e kenyelletsa ditokiseletso pedi coenzyme (feshene le FMN), ka ho nka dieleketerone. Qetellong ea ketane ea FMN oxidized sebelisa P450.

cytochrome P450

Sena potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa microsomal ho kena moea oa heme-e nang le protheine. Ho tlama oksijene le substrate (hangata e xenobiotic). lebitso la lona e amahanngoa le ho absorption ea leseli le wavelength ea 450 NM. Litsebi tsa baeloji ba fumane ka phelang tsohle tse phelang. Ka nako eo, o ile a hlalosa ho feta motso likete liprotheine bao e leng tsamaiso ea cytochrome P450. Ka libaktheria, ntho e qhalwa ho ya ka cytoplasm, 'me ho lumeloa hore ka foromo ena ke ho fetisisa evolutionarily ea boholo-holo ho feta ea batho. Re cytochrome P450 - e mural protheine e tsitsitseng ka lera cytoplasmic.

The enzyme tsa sehlopha sena ho ameha ka metabolism tsa steroid le acid bile tse mafura, phenols, neutralizing lithethefatsi, chefo kapa lithethefatsi.

The thepa ea microsomal ho kena moea

Le thulaganyo ya microsomal ho kena moea ba le sephara substrate khethehileng, 'me ena, le eena, a lumella ho utloa mefuta e fapaneng ya lintho tse. Motso likete liprotheine cytochrome P450 ka a phuthilweng ka isoforms fetang lekholo le mashome a mahlano tsa potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale le. E mong le e ba bona ba na le palo e khōlō ea substrates. Sena se nolofalletsa 'mele ho felisa hoo e ka bang kaofela ha dintho tse kotsi tse thehoa ka hare kapa a oa ka ntle. Ho hlahisa ka sebete microsomal enzyme ho kena moea ka ho sebetsa ka bobedi sebakeng sa heno 'me le hōle haholo le' mele.

The molao oa tsamaiso ea mosebetsi oa microsomal ho kena moea

Microsomal ho kena moea ka sebete e laolwa ka boemo mRNA, empa ho ena mosebetsi lona - mongwalollo. variants kaofela cytochrome P450, ho etsa mohlala, e tlalehiloeng ho DNA molek'hule, 'me ho e hlaha ka ESR hlokahala hore "ngwaloleswa" boitsebiso bo tsoang ho DNA ho lenģosa RNA. Ebe mRNA e tobisitsoe ho ribosome moo limolek'hule tsa protheine ba thehoa. palo ea limolek'hule tsena e laolwa ho tloha ka ntle 'me ke itšetlehile ka ka tjhelete e ya dintho tse tlamehang ho kgaoditswe,' me boteng ba amino acid bohlokoa.

Hona joale, ho feta tse makholo a mabeli mashome a mahlano-ho hlalositsoe metsoako lik'hemik'hale hore ebe o kenya tshebetsong mmele microsomal ho kena moea. Tsena li akarelletsa barbiturates, hydrocarbons nkhang hamonate, alcohols, ketones le li-hormone. Ho sa tsotellehe ho se tšoane hona ho bonahalang eka, dintho tsena tsohle li lipophilic (qhibilihang ka har'a ka mafura), 'me ka hona ba pepesehileng ho cytochrome P450.