Mefutakwalo sentimentalism. Features ya sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng

Mefutakwalo sentimentalism, ho fapana ho ea classic mokhoa, se bitsoang 'mali hore a tsebo ea maikutlo a ba tloaelehileng ea batho, ka mofuta oa tlhaho' me a puso ka hare, kopane le tlhaho. 'Me haeba classicism rapela lebaka feela, ba hlōleha ho ba teng mabaka a tsohle, tsamaiso ea (ho latela khopolo ea lithothokiso Boileau), moetsi oa litšoantšo-sentimentalist ile ka lokoloha ka kutloisiso ea hore mantsoe a lona, sefofane sa monahanong. Hlahetse boipelaetso khahlanong le lebaka omile tlholeho ka le leseli, mefutakwalo kaofela sentimentalism ha seo ba fihla ho tswa ho setso, 'me hore botebo ba moea nka tsoa ka tlase lona.

Semelo sa sentimentalism

Absolutist feudal puso li ne li oele ka le bothata bo tebileng. Sebakeng sa melao ea boitšoaro ea sechaba tla makgabane, kenyeleditsweng ka motho ea batho, le vsesoslovnoy. Sentimentalism - tlhaloso ka lingoliloeng tsa maikutlo le strata bolelloa batho ba bangata sechabeng le e matla-ba khahlanong le feudal cheseho.

The matlo boraro, la a solofetsa moruo, empa sechabeng le se na matla a lipolotiking, e tota khahlanong le ba phahameng sechabeng le baruti. E ne e ho na le, le ka tlelaseng ea boraro, 'me o ile a hlaha e tummeng: "Liberty, tekano, ba batshameki" - e leng ile ea e-tsekedi tsa liphetohelo tsohle. Social setso sa sechaba laela democratization.

Rationalist worldview pepesa postulate e phahametse maikutlo, ka hona maqakabetsi likhopolo. Feletseng marena e le mokhoa oa sebopeho boemo oela ho bola. Khopolo ea marena nyelisa khopolo ea morena leseling - hape hobane hoo e ka bang ha ho motho leha e le tse ling ba ne ba sa kopana le litlhoko sebele oa sechaba.

tlhōlo ea setso

Ka monyetla oa ho ea bourgeoisie ke halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo e ile ea eketseha hoo a ileng a qala ho laela ka dipehelo ho litlelase tse ling kaofela, haholo-holo ka litaba tsa setso. Kaha e ne e le motšehetsi ea ea hore likhopolo tsa tsoela pele, o ile a abela lingoliloeng le bonono.

Ho feta moo, ho e hapa ke baemeli ba bona ha tikoloho bona: Rousseau - watchmaker lelapa, Voltaire - notary Diderot - artisan ... About baetsi ba litšoantšo le hopola ho na le e sa utloahale, kahobane ha ba ka ho feletseng le ea boraro ea matlo, feela le feela.

Ha a ntse a mafapheng ohle a sechaba sa maikutlo demokrasi lekholong la lilemo la bo18 la hōla ka leaps le meeli, e seng feela ka Estate boraro. mantsoe ana 'me ba laela hore bofelong ba leseli la bahale tse ling, maemo a khethehileng le sensations ncha. Leha ho le joalo mefutakwalo tsa sentimentalism ka qalang lingoliloeng ba ne ba sa. Elegiac lithothokiso, epistolary mofutakwalo, ngotseng ha - tsohle di telele tsejoa liforomo tlala dikahare ncha.

Likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng

E le mefuta e meng ea ho molao-motheo oa ho tlhahiso-leseling filosofi rationalist aa apoha ho bolela e 'ngoe ea maikutlo ea lefatše: na taba,' me pelo, ke hore, a bua ka dihlopha tsa sensations le maikutlo. Lingoliloeng - ke tšimo eo atleha mefutakwalo kaofela sentimentalism.

Sentimentalists ne a lumela hore monna ka tlhaho ke ho ba mojaki ho ba seli le ho rationality, e haufi le tikoloho ea tlhaho, e leng ke ke ho ruta Mecha ea kutlo e fana ka tsela e lumellanang le ka hare. Bokhabane e lokela ho ba la tlhaho, ba ile ba ngola, 'me feela ka tsela e itseng e phahameng ea nahanela ba moloko oa batho a ka fumana thabo ea sebele. The mefutakwalo o ka sehloohong oa sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng 'me ka hona li ne li khetha motheong oa kamano e haufi: boruti, idyllic, maeto, diaries botho kapa mangolo.

Ho itšetleha ka mokhoa oa tlhaho le tsimoloho (An Education) le lula tikolohong tsa tlhaho - tlhahong - tsena ke litšiea tse peli tseo li thehiloe mefutakwalo kaofela sentimentalism.

Technical le tsa sechaba pele, ha puso, sechabeng, histori, thuto - mantsoe ana a lumellana le sentimentalism hangata e nyefolang. Tsoela pele e le motheo holim 'a eo leseli la e ile ea hahoa ka bo-rasaense le lexicographer, e ne e le sochton sa hlokahaleng le tse kotsi haholo,' me liponahatso kaofela tsoelo-pele - kotsi bakeng sa moloko oa batho. Borapeli nyehela bonyane ba bophelo poraefete tsa mahaeng, hammoho le e lebetsoeng ka ho fetisisa - ka bophelo ba khale le ho tse hlaha ho ka khonehang.

lipale bahale ba mefutakwalo qetela ea sentimentalism, ha 'moho. Letsatsi le letsatsi, ho ithuta ka tsela e itekanetseng tlala bona. Ho ena le ho maikutlo a khanyang, ntoa e litšila le makhabane a sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng tsa lekholo la bo18 la lilemo o ile a bontša ho hloka sekoli maikutlo le esita le boleng ba lefatše e ka hare ho motho feela ea tloaelehileng. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, eo e leng letsoalloa la matlo boraro, ka tšimoloho ea linako hore leha e le tlaase. Sentimentalism, tlhaloso ka lingoliloeng tsa pathos demokrasi, ka ho feletseng latolang khetholle ka sehlopha sa behilweng ke tsoelo-pele.

The lefatšeng le ka hare la monna: pono e 'ngoe

Ka ho etsa qeto ea ho Age oa leseli, e le mokhoa o motjha o hang ha ke le sieo hōle le melao-motheo ea thuto. Leha ho le joalo, sentimentalism le Classicism ka lingoliloeng habonolo lemoha: ho tswa ho bangoli ba classicists hlakang tlhaku, ka botho ba - the predominance ba leha e le mang likarolo ya e tlamang sekasekale boitšoaro.

Sentimentalists a boela a bontša ho mohale e le motho le ho tsekisanoang keng tsa fela. O ne a ka kopana le le tsusumetso e le bobe bo feteletseng, hobane ho tloha tsoala tlholeho e ntle ea hae le bobe. Le mofuta - e ntle simolleng, tsoelo-pele - mpe. Monosyllabic tsa tekolo tse ba atisa ho ha e lumellane le bohato mohale amehileng maikutlo mesebetsi. E ka 'na eaba ba villain, empa nikogoda feletseng, hobane kamehla o ne a na le monyetla oa ho ela hloko lintho tsa tlhaho' me ba khutlele tseleng ea molemo.

Mona ena didacticism, 'me ka linako tse ling e leeme, le sentimentalism amana ka thata-thata ho mehla ea bakang hae.

Borapeli ba boikutlo bo le subjectivity

The mefutakwalo o ka sehloohong oa sentimentalism ke haholo amanang le taba eo, ka tsela ena ba ba khona ho bontša ka botlalo ho feta motsamao oa pelong ea motho. Ena ke lipale ka mangolo, ke elegy, diaries, ngotseng ha le tsohle e lumellang u ho bua ka motho oa pele.

Mongoli e sa emisitswe ho tloha Sepheo hore e emela, 'me ponahatso lona - e elements bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea pale ena. Sebopeho e boetse ke ho feta mahala canons dingolwa ha stifle monahanong, ea ho hlophisoa e hatellang, 'me palo e' ngoe ea dikgoreletsi tse di masisi lyrical.

Hlahile ka lilemo tse leshome ea bobeli ka mabōpong a Engelane, mefutakwalo o ka sehloohong oa sentimentalism ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la ba le lithunthung ka mose Europe. ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa - ka Engelane, Fora, Jeremane le Russia.

Engelane

Mantsoe a pele a lumela ho mola bona likarolo sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng. Baemeli khanyang: molateli oa theorist classic Nikola Bualo - Dzheyms Tomson, ea qetileng mofuta hae English elegy, bo tletse hlokisang motho tsepo; mothehi oa "mabitleng" ea poetics Edward Jung; tshehetsa sehlooho Scot Robert Blair oa thothokiso "Sheole" le Thomas Gray le elegy qapa ke mabitleng motse. Kaofela ha bangodi tsena ke maikutlo a ka sehloohong tsa tekano ea batho ba pele a e-shoa.

Ebe - le molemo ka ho fetisisa - likarolo sentimentalism hlaha lingoliloeng mofutakwalo bukeng. Samuele Richardson bo tiileng bo qhetsola le ea ka neano ea tobogan, tobogan le picaresque bukeng, ho ngola le lipale ka mangolo. "Ntate," tataiso ea Lourens Stern o ile a qala ka mora ne ba qapa padi "A amehileng maikutlo Leeto Ka Fora le Italy, Monghali Yorick", e leng se ileng lebitso ho latela tataiso eo. Tlhōrō ea mahlonoko tseo ho leng Senyesemane sentimentalism e nkoa e le mosebetsi oa Oliver Goldsmith.

France

Foromo fetisisa khale tsa sentimentalism e hlokometse ka boraro pele ea lekholo la ea leshome le metso e robeli ka France. De Marivaux ne qalong haholo tsa prose ena, e hlalosang bophelo ya Marianne le la boemo bo tlaase, e neng e lokolloa ka batho. The Abbe Prevost ntlafatsa ho phalete maikutlo hlalosoa ka lingoliloeng - le takatso e matla a ileng a lebisa ho koluoa ena.

Qetellong ea sentimentalism Fora - Jean-Zhak Russo le libukeng tsa lipale ea hae epistolary. Nature ka mesebetsi ea hae ke ea bohlokoa ka ka boeona e, batho ba tlhaho. The bukeng "boipobolo" - Tšenolo autobiography ka lingoliloeng lefatshe.

De Saint-Pierre, e leng seithuti sa Rousseau, a tsoela pele setšehetso sa 'nete, e leng ho bolela litaba tse molemo le mefutakwalo ka sehloohong ea sentimentalism: thabo ea monna ea ka tsela e lumellanang le mofuta le bokhabane. O ka ha ho lebeletswe le lipalesa tsa "eksotiske" ka romanticism, e bontšang naha e chesang e mongobo la maoatle hōle.

Hape, u se ke ua nka hore balateli maemong Rousseau le ZH.-S. Mercier, pushing padi "The Savage" ea khale (loketseng) le mefuta civilizational ba hore o teng. Litholoana tsa tsoelo-pele Mercier hlalosoa e le e publicist ka "litšoantšo tsa Paris."

Mongoli oa buka-o ile a ruta de Breton (makholo a mabeli sebetsa meqolo!) E mong oa balateli ba ho fetisisa ba tšepahalang ba Rousseau. O ile a ngola mabapi le kamoo a ho timetsa tsa litoropo tikoloho e fetoha senokoane, boitšoarong le se hloekileng le mohlankana, 'me a buisana le khopolo ea pedagogy ya ka dipehelo tsa thuto le kholiso ea basali.

Ho tloha qalong ea liphetohelo likarolo sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng ka tlhaho ea nyamela. Mefutakwalo sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng ntlafatsa ka lintho tsa sebele tse ncha.

Germany

A talimela e ncha ka lingoliloeng Jeremane e ile ea susumetsa G.-E. Lessing. Kaofela qala le khang Zurich University liprofesa Bodmer le Johann Jakob Breitinger ka motšehetsi ea chesehang oa classicism - Jeremane Gottsched. The Switzerland o ile a loanela ho nahana ka tsela ea thothokiso, empa Jeremane ba ne ba sa lumela.

F.-G. Klopstock matlafalitse boemo ba sentimentalism sebelisa litsomong Medieval Majeremane neano habonolo lohellana le maikutlo a pelo ea Sejeremane. Empa heyday tsa sentimentalism Jeremane tlile feela seventies ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo mabapi le mosebetsi ka ho bōptjoa ha ea sechaba barupeluoa ba boitsebiso Literature ka mokhatlo oa "Sturm and Drang".

Ka mokhoa ona le JW bocheng ba hae Wolfgagng goethe. "The masoabi a sa Young Werther," wolfgagng goethe tšela la provense lingoliloeng Jeremane ka pan-European. Totobetse tšusumetso ea "Sturm and Drang" le tšoantšiso ke I.-F. Schiller.

Russia

Russia sentimentalism bula Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Karamzinym - "Mangolo a motsamai Russia", "Mafutsana Liza" - le e tsoileng tsa prose amehileng maikutlo. Nahanela, melancholy, takatso ea ho ipolaea - likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa sentimentalism ka lingoliloeng - ka Karamzin kopantswe le dipopontshwa ling tse ngata. O ile a fetoha mothehi oa sehlopha sa bangoli ba Russia, ea ileng a loantša a khale grandiloquent senokong le le lecha puo ea thothokiso. Ho sehlopha sena ho matleng a II Dmitriev, VA Zhukovsky le ba bang.