Meetlo Union - ke eng see? State ea Soviet Meetlo

Soviet Meetlo Ho thehoa ka sepheo sa ho ho bōpa e sebakeng se nang molekane, 'me ka har'a oona ho na le thepa le lithibelo moruong. Ntle le mabaka a ba compensatory, a ho sireletsa le ho -ba khahlanong le kgotlhela gongwe mehato. Meetlo Union e akarelletsa ho sebelisoa ha ho tloaelehile hore batho ba na le meetlo e ditefiso me litekanyo tse ling tse reretsoeng ho laola khoebo ea ka thepa le dinaheng boraro.

tlhaloso

Meetlo bonngoeng - tlamahano ea linaha tse 'maloa setho, e tsamaisa mesebetsi kopanetsoeng tšimong ea leano la meetlo. Hape felisa mesebetsi meetlo le moeling o pakeng tsa mekga e meng, 'me bakeng sa linaha tse ling tse kenyelletsoa se le seng meetlo ditefiso.

pale

Pele selekane joalo hlaha lilemong tsa bo-ea leshome le metso e robong, eo barupeluoa ba ne France le Monaco.

Mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli, o ile a phetha Union Meetlo - ke Switzerland le Principality tsa Liechtenstein. Hape o ka bolela e le mohlala qetellong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli, le Tumellano General ka theko le ditefiso le Khoebo, ea European Community Economic ho ile ha thehoa ka 1957, e leng felisoa lithibelo tsohle ka khoebo ea pakeng tsa mekga e meng, 'me ha thehoa e tlwaelehileng meetlo ditefiso tsa kgwebo ya le dinaheng boraro. Mokhatlo European ho ile ha thehoa ka 1960 mahala khoebo eo felisoa makhetho ka meetlo le lithibelo ditirisanommogo ya ditho tsa kgwebisano mokgatlo.

Linaha sebetsang ka EEC le dinaheng EFTA ntse le phapang e teng le melao ea tsamaiso meetlo le ho na le ho na mesebetsi ho tloaelehile khoebo linaheng tse sa mososhaliste ha ba Meetlo Union, empa ditumellano tsa amang tšebelisano-'moho le thuso ka bobeli litabeng tsa meetlo.

liletsa tse tloaelehileng, mekhoa le mefuta bakeng sa ngodiso ya thepa ba 'nile ba kenyelletsa e le pontšo' me khoebo ea ka toka. Saennweng ditumellano tsa ka nolofatsa mosebetsi meetlo rengwa. ditumellano tsa tsena potlakisa motsamao oa thepa, u matlafatse 'maraka oa lefatše lohle le ho thibela mefuta eohle ea ditlolo.

Ka 2010 o ne a ile a bōpa e le 'ngoe meetlo bonngoeng, e kenyeletsang Russia, Kazakhstan le Belarus. Sena se akarelletsa ho bōptjoa ha tšimo e meetlo le 'ngoe' me e fana ka mesebetsi eohle ea taolo.

selemong sena, se ile sa kena Union Meetlo ea Kyrgyzstan, Russia, ka nako e tšoanang ho matlafatsa boemo ba eona.

Kamohelo ea Soviet Meetlo

La 6 October, 2007 saenele Selekane lipakeng tsa Serussia Federation, Belarus le Kazakhstan ho phetoho ea ho e le 'ngoe meetlo bonngoe.

Ka la 1 July, 2010 ho ya ka Meetlo Code o ile a tshebetso meetlo le 'ngoe naheng ea linaha tse tharo.

Felisoa phatlalatso le ngodiso ka meetlo ka ho meeli ea linaha tse tharo. Thepa ka susumetsa ntle le rengwa, e felisa litšenyehelo. Ba fallela bonolo haholo le ho fokotsa litsenyehelo tsa ho ba thepa thomello.

Hamorao ka naha ea Soviet hlaha Tloaelehileng Space Economic (CES) le ho sebetsa le 'ngoe ' maraka bakeng sa ditshebeletso, e leng ho phaella ho kgwebo ya ho kenyeletsa litšebeletso le libakeng tse ling tse ngata tsa tšebetso.

2015 Meetlo Union e ile tšoauoa ka ketsahalo e itseng e ncha. setho se seng sa ho kena mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng oa etsa liphetoho tse itseng geopolitics. A sebopeho e ncha ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng Meetlo Union (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kazakhstan le ba bang) a tla atolosa likamano khoebo ea ho linaha cu.

Overview

Meetlo Union - mokgatlo hore e ikemiseditse ho ntlafatsa boemo moruo States Member. Bōpileng 'maraka o batho ba fetang limilione tse 180 ka chelete letseno ya $ limilione tse likete tse 900.

Qetello ea thepa Meetlo Union lumelloa ho falla ka bolokolohi ho pholletsa le sebaka seo ho nang le ketso ea taolo bokahohleng.

Ha tse romeloang linaheng tlalehiloeng e le hantle, mosebetsi excise lokelwang ho leshwa ha ho hlokahala, 'me ka tekanyo VAT ke lefela.

Tabeng ea naha ho Russia ho tswa ho Kazakhstan le Belarus, Russia ba boholong ba lekhetho Levy mosebetsi excise le VAT. Meetlo Union - e ke ho le bonolo le e ka bolokang tjhelete foromo ya sebelisana.

sebopeho

Litho tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa cu (Meetlo Union)

- Russia le Kazakhstan (kaha 01.07.2010).

- Belarus (ho tloha ho lilemo tse 06.07.2010).

- Armenia (ho tloha ho lilemo tse 10.10.2014).

- Kyrgyzstan (ho tloha ho lilemo tse 08.05.2015).

Bonkgetheng ba botho:

- Tajikistan.

- Syria.

- Tunisia.

Ikopanya le Meetlo Union nkgetheng dinaheng tšohloa haufinyane. Katoloso ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o khona ho ntlafatsa 'maraka oa lefatše. Ho kena nkgetheng dinaheng tsa Soviet Meetlo (Tajikistan, Syria, Tunisia) - e le tebello ea linaheng tse tsoetseng pele ka lebaka la katoloso ea maemong a bona.

Sehlopha mele

Phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopha se busang sa - Lekgotla International ea Dihlooho tsa State le 'Muso. Hape, ho latela tumellano e thehiloeng ke Komisi ea Soviet Meetlo, e leng 'mele oa ka ho sa feleng ba molao oa tsamaiso ena.

Institutions ba boholong e phahameng ka 2009 khanna mehato e akaretsang ho etsa hore ba sireletsehile kontraka le ea molao motheong oa Soviet Meetlo.

Ke qeto ya bapresidente ba linaha tsa setho sa Union e ile ea thehoa Komisi Economic ka ho sa feleng supranational taolo taolo 'mele, e leng e ka tlase ho ka Holimo-limo Eurasian Lekhotla la Moruo.

Melemo ka sehloohong

Melemo e ka sehloohong ea Soviet Meetlo bakeng sa mekhatlo a moruo ka ho ipapisa le libaka khoebo ea mahala di:

• Ka naha ea Soviet Meetlo haholo fokotswa litsenyehelo tsa ho ba ho bopa, ho e lokisa le motsamao oa thepa.
• nako le ditjeo tsa ditjhelete, ho hlaha ka lebaka la ho ditshita tse tsamaiso, haholo fokotseha.
• palo ea mekgwatshebetso ya ho latela meetlo e hlokehang bakeng sa temana ea importation ya thepa tse tsoang linaheng tse boraro fokotseha.
• Ea e-ba teng, limmaraka tse ntjha bakeng sa thepa.
• Kopanngoa ha molao meetlo ile sa etsa hore simplification lona.

Soviet Meetlo le WTO

Mosebetsing oa ho ea pōpo ea Soviet Meetlo e 'nile ea bontša dingongoreho tse ngata mabapi le melao ea tsamaiso ikhanyetsa koloi le melao WTO.

Ka 2011, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o ile a akaretsa tsohle ha ditefello lona ho latelwa feletseng le ditlwaelo tsa WTO. Ha boemo ba Soviet Meetlo ea tla kena 'WTO, tla behwa melao WTO.

Ka 2012, Russia ba ile ba ea WTO, e ile ea etsa hore ho nchafatsoa ha e Tloaelehileng Meetlo ditefiso tsa dinaheng Meetlo Union ho latela ditlhoko WTO. Boemo ba 90 diphesente tsa mesebetsi bohlokoa o ile a lula e le 'ngoe.

likhohlano ka hare

Ka November 2014 bohlokoa ba nama e tsoang Belarus ho Russia o ne o thibetsoe. molumo ne e ka 400.000 boima ba lithane tse. Leha ho le joalo, ka lehlakoreng le Russia e nkile mehato ea ho tighten taolo ya thepa eo tšela moeli oa Belarus, e leng se khahlanong le melao e nolofalitsoeng bakeng sa kariki ya thepa, ho sebetsa ka naha ea Soviet Meetlo.

Bashebelli o ile a hlokomela ka Remix tse molemo tsa mekgwa ea Soviet Meetlo le mochine tswa kantle ho naha ka ho Russia thibetsoe thepa European. Mohlala, tlhapi naha ho tloha Belarus, eo ha e na le sehokelo ho leoatle, e ile ea eketseha ka tse 98 diphesente Russia.

Mopresidente Belarusian AG Lukashenka ne a loloma ke bohale ke lithibelo tsa lehlakoreng Russia 'me ba nqosa Russia la ho tlōla melao ea Soviet Meetlo le hlokomoloha molao oa machaba.

Ho latela bashebelli, matšoao a ho, melao na ntlha ka, ho ea ka eo ke le nehile lithibelo ke Russia ka khoebo le ho tsamaisa thepa lehlakoreng Belarusian o na le tokelo ha ho latela dipehelo tsa konteraka ya.

Ka 2015 Belarus khutlela Russia taolo leliboho leliboho, ka tsela eo tlōla Molao wa EAEC Selekane. E boetse e ile a phatlalatsa ho ka etsahala hore ebe hanela ruble e le chelete ea ho fedisa le ka ho khutla ha ditefello tse ka liranta US. litsebi Russia lumela hore boemong bo joalo, nyalano lebatowa oela tlas'a tlhaselo.

nyatsa

Ka 2010, e leka ke mabotho a khahlanong le ho hlophisa referendamo bakeng sa nyatso ea ka tumellano e ne e entsoe. Kazakhstan entse ditleime tsa itlhokomoloso ea litokelo naha.

E boetse e ne e entsoe ka litlhaloso tse mahlonoko tseo tsa Soviet Meetlo ka lintho tse latelang:

• Tšoaro e hlalosoa ka dipehelo tsa khoebo le setifikaite ya thepa.
• maemo WTO ne behilweng ka Russia ka Kazakhstan le Belarus, eo litho tsa mekhatlo e ka holimo ha li.
• Lekgetho le receipts aniwa a li a leeme aba har'a linaha tse sebetsang.
• Soviet Meetlo e unprofitable ka morero hona joale le hore na barupeluoa hlahelang.

Ho sa le joalo, lithuto tsa bontša hore palo e mabaka likhopolo le Meetlo Union ka sa tšoaneng likhato tsa melemo ho barupeluoa ba lona.

E ne a boetse a etsa tlhahiso ea hore Union Meetlo ke phantom, ho ke ke ha solofetsang e le mokhatlo oa maiketsetso lipolotiki.

Maikutlo sechabeng

Ka 2012, Setsi sa maikutlo a ikopanya Research phuputsong e ile ea tšoareloa ea Eurasian Development Bank. Phuputsong akarelletsa ho CIS le Georgia. Potso eo e ile ea botsa: "U ikutloa joang ka taba ea hore moruo oa Belarus, Kazakhstan le Russia ba bonngoeng?". latelang likarabo ne a ntse a ile a fumana, o tlang le ho sebelisa bakeng sa botho ba Soviet Meetlo:

- Tajikistan: "positive," 76%, "iphapanyetsa" 17% "mpe" 2%.

- Kazakhstan: "positive," 80%, "iphapanyetsa" 10% "mpe" 5%.

- Russia: "positive," 72%, "iphapanyetsa" 17% "mpe" 4%.

- Uzbekistan: "positive," 67%, "iphapanyetsa" 14% "mpe" 2%.

- Kyrgystan: "positive," 67%, "iphapanyetsa" 15% "mpe" 8%.

- Moldova "sebele" 65%, "iphapanyetsa" 20% "mpe" 7%.

- Armenia: "positive," 61%, "iphapanyetsa" 26% "mpe" 6%.

- Belarus: "positive," 60%, "iphapanyetsa" 28% "mpe" 6%.

- Ukraine: "positive," 57%, "iphapanyetsa" 31% "mpe" 6%.

- Azerbaijan: "positive," 38%, "iphapanyetsa" 46% "mpe" 11%.

- Georgia: "positive," 30%, "iphapanyetsa" 39% "mpe" 6%.

maikutlo a setsebi

Ho ea ka Mongoli oa Meetlo Union Komisi Sergeya Glazeva, cu e na le molemo bobeli ya ka dipehelo tsa geopolitics, le ya ka dipehelo tsa moruo. Sena ke e phihlello le habohlokoa hore e fana ka melemo e mengata ke keng ba latoloa ho States Liphathi.

Ho ea ka FTF Russia moeta-pele Andrei Belyaninov ka sebokeng ka 2009, Soviet Meetlo qalong ea tšebetso ea oona e tla bopa mathata bakeng sa likhoebo le meetlo ea ba boholong, empa ho ke ke ha ho letho le ho feta nako phetoho e.

Mopresidente oa Belarus Alexander Lukashenko fana ka tlhaloso ea Soviet Meetlo e le mohato o le ka ho eketsehileng le etsa bonnete ba hore ho ne ho bōptjoa ka sebaka le 'ngoe ea moruo, e leng ne e tla ba mofuta o nepahetseng ka likamano tsa mathata a moruo le lipakeng tsa linaha e sebetsang.