Lithethefatsi Anticholinergic: lethathamo. The mochine ea nkang khato ea lithethefatsi anticholinergic

lithethefatsi Anticholinergic - ke lithethefatsi hore thibela ketso ea neurotransmitter tsa tlhaho - acetylcholine - ho receptors cholinergic. Ka lingoliloeng linaheng tse ling, sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi bitsoa "delirianty" ka lebaka la ho matla a ho etsa hore delirium.

A batla a ea lintlha tse ea histori

Pejana ho moo, lilemong tsa bo-bohareng ba bo-bo20 la lilemo, lithethefatsi anticholinergic bohato sebediswa bakeng sa kalafo ya foleng obstructive lefu methapo le asma e, empa ba ne ba nkeloa sebaka ke lithethefatsi ho feta mehleng ea kajeno le litla fokolang 'nang lehlakoreng. Le ntshetsopele ya pharmacology, bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho ntshetsa pele holinoblokatory joalo hore u se ke ua ba le e tšoanang le leholo lethathamo la litla-morao. Litekanyetso li behoa liforomo di ntlafala, 'me ka ho phekola ka go ikatisetsa mafu methapo ile ba boela ba anticholinergics sebelisoa. The mochine oa ketso tsa sehlopha sena sa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ke ho ena e rarahaneng, empa hoa khoneha hore motho hlalosang maqhama khōlō.

Jwang holinoblokatory?

Ketso e khōlō ea lithethefatsi anticholinergic e thibela receptors cholinergic le khoneha tsa susumetsa ba neurotransmitter - acetylcholine. Ka mohlala, ka bronchi e thibetsoeng receptors teng ka mesifa boreleli.

tlhophiso ea lithethefatsi

Ho itšetlehile ka tse receptors ba susumetsoa ke lithethefatsi anticholinergic, lethathamo e arotsoe ka lihlopha:

• M-holinoblokatory (atropine, scopolamine, ipratropium lethal gene).
• H holinoblokatory (pentamine, tubocurarine).

Ho itšetlehile ka selectivity ya bohato:

• Central, kapa batho bao e seng khetha (atropine, pirenzepine, platifillin).
• Pheriferale kapa khetha (ipratropium lethal gene).

M-holinoblokatory

Moemeli e khōlō ea sehlopha sena sa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ke atropine. Atropine - e alkaloid, eo e leng ka limela tse ling tse kang begoon bolaeang, henbane le datura. The tšobotsi fetisisa bitsa ya atropine - antispasmodic. Khahlanong le semelo sa bohato lona decreases mesifa molumo le tshilong ya dijo pampitšana, senya le bronchus.

Atropine e hlophisitsweng ka molomo, subcutaneously le entoe. nako ea eona ea ketso e ka 6 lihora tse 'me ba sebelisa atropine marotholi nako ea eketseha ho matsatsi a supileng.

litla diokobatsi tsa atropine:

• Dilated barutoana ba mahlo ka lebaka la ho le phello e susumetsang ho mesifa chitja ea iris e - ho iris e mesifa phutholoha, ka ho latellana, thaka dilates. Phello lebetsoeng le hlaha ka mor'a metsotso 30-40 ka mor'a instillation.
• Shoele litho tsa zakwaterowania - lense e otlolohileng le pantshisi-tse, lithethefatsi anticholinergic tuned leihlo bakeng sa Pono hole.
• E ile ea eketseha ho otla ha pelo
• Boikhathollo tsa mesifa boreleli ka bronchi e, pampitšana gastrointestinal, senya mosese.
• Fokotswa hare secretion litsoelesa, tse kang bronchial, tshilong ya dijo le mofufutso.

Tshebediso ya atropine

• Ka ophthalmology: ho ithuta fundus e, tlhaloso ya phoso refractive.
• Ka cardiology, atropine e sebediswa bakeng sa bradycardia.
• Ka pulmonology sebelisa lithethefatsi anticholinergic ka asma.
• Gastroenterology: gastric seso le duodenal seso, gastritis giperatsidnom (ka ho fokotsa gastric acid e secretion tshilong ya dijo litsoelesa). Lithethefatsi ke a atleha ho sebetsana le nyeoe ea colic mala.
• The anesthetists atropine sebelisoa e le premedication pele mekgwatshebetso ya ho tse fapa-fapaneng ho buoa.

Lehlakoreng liphello tsa atropine.

Tšoauoa ka omile ea molomo le qoqotho, photophobia, phytoteratology haufi pono, pipitlelano, bothata ba ho rota.

Atropine e feletseng contraindicated ho sebelisa ka glaucoma ka lebaka la phello ea eketseha khatello ea intraocular. Contraindicated lithethefatsi anticholinergic bakeng incontinence mosese, ka phutholoha mesifa ea senya. Anticholinergics hloka kgetho nepahetseng ya dosing. Ka tekanyetso feteletseng tluoa tabeng ea chefo phelang, eo e tšoauoa ka dilenaneo le tsoheloa maikutlong, mydriasis, hoarseness, bothata ba ho kwenya, ka 'na ea tsoha mocheso. Bakuli haholo ho feta chefo qala ho lahleheloa ke dikamano tsa bona ka sebaka, ha e sa ba hlokomela batho ba ba potolohileng, o ile a bontša lipono le ho delusions. Ka ntshetsa pele sethoathoa hore u kene ka coma, empa ka lebaka la ho holofala ha setsi sa ho hema, e leng lefu le hlaha ka potlako. nahanela ho fetisisa ho tekanyetso fetang bana - lethal dose bona bolaeang ke 6-10 mg,.

Scopolamine structurally tšoanang le atropine, empa ka lehlakoreng le leng ho eona e fana ka litla bogolosegolo inhibitory ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, a sebetsa e le sedative le. thepa ena e sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa moriana - scopolamine e sebelisoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ya maloetse ea tsamaiso skeletal - molikoalikoane, phytoteratology gait le ho leka-lekana, ho thibela ntshetsopele ya leoatle le ho kula moeeng.

lithethefatsi Anticholinergic di kenyelleditswe ka "Aeron," e leng lithethefatsi tse e atisa ho sebelisoa pele ho nka maeto a tlang ka lifofane le likepe. matlapa bohato nka hoo e ka bang 6 lihora. Ho na le netabletirovannaya foromo - transdermal phekolo oona tsamaisong - samente, e leng e lamellar ka litsebe le lingoliloeng lithethefatsi tse fetang lihora tse 72. lithethefatsi tsena anticholinergic - antidepressants, maemong a tsoetseng pele haholo thusa ho potlako phahamisa meea ea bakuli ba leng ho tepella maikutlong foleng.

Ipratropium lethal gene ( "Atrovent") - e bronchodilator. Ha tšebeliso inhalation hoo e batlang e sa ananelang ka mali le se nang liphello systemic. Ka lebaka la ho se thibela likepe tsa receptors cholinergic tsa mesifa le boreleli la bronchi ho etsa katoloso ya bona. anticholinergics tsena fumaneha ka tharollo bakeng sa inhaler aerosol, kapa metered le ba atleha ho asma bronchial le COPD. Le litla-morao - ho nyekeloa ke pelo 'me molomo oa omileng.

Tiotropium lethal gene - lithethefatsi anticholinergic ka thepa e tšoanang le lethal gene ipratropium. E ya hlahiswa ka sebōpeho sa phofo bakeng sa inhalation. A tšobotsi e khethehileng ea lithethefatsi ena ke hore ho batla ho le ka ho sa feleng ama receptors cholinergic Ka hona, ho molemo ho feta lethal gene ipratropium. E e sebelisoa ka bakuli ba COPD.

Platifillin - Araneus alkaloid. Ho fapana le anticholinergics a mang, platifillin kgona ho dilate methapo ea mali. Ka lebaka la thepa ena, ho na le ea fokotseha hanyenyane ka khatello ea mali. moriana o lokolloa ka tharollo 'me suppositories rectal. Sebetsa le spasms ka mesifa le boreleli la litho tse ka hare, sebete le colic renal, le asma e, hammoho le bohloko a bakoang ke spasm le a hlobaetsang le gastric seso le duodenal seso. Ka ophthalmological ikwetlisetse platifillin sebelisoa ka sebōpeho sa leihlo marotholi bakeng sa barutoana dilated.

Pirenzepine - preferentially ho na le masakana lisele mala tse hlahisang histamine. Ka ho fokotsa histamine ho lokolloa ho fokotsa kabo ya acid e hydrochloric. E tloaelehileng phekolo tekanyetso, lithethefatsi ena e na le hoo e batlang e ha ho na le phello ho barutoana le ho otla ha pelo, kahoo ha e le hantle pirenzepine e nkiloeng ka molomo bakeng sa kalafo ya seso gastric le duodenal seso.

H holinoblokatory (ganglionic)

The mochine oa bohato ke hore mahlahana anticholinergic tsa sehlopha sena thibela ea innervation le kutloelo-bohloko 'me methapo ea kutlo parasympathetic ka nodes fokotsa secretion adrenaline le noradrenaline, thibela metsoako nyakallo ea matšoafo le vasomotor setsi. Ho feta moo, ba boholoanyane tšusumetso ea innervations le kutloelo-bohloko kapa parasympathetic, le ho feta e bonahale notlela bohato.

Ka mohlala, palo ea barutoana matla ho parasympathetic innervation litšusumetso - hangata barutoana tloaelo narrowed. Tabeng ena, holinoblokatory tla ama tsamaiso ea methapo parasympathetic - ka lebaka la barutoana li dilated. Hoo e batlang e tsohle tsa methapo ea mali le tlas'a tšusumetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo le kutloelo-bohloko - lithethefatsi felisa tšusumetso ea oona le dilate methapo ea mali, ka lebaka la ho eo khatello ea e fokotsehile.

H holinoblokatory rua phello e bronchodilatory le tse sebelisoang bakeng sa spasm bronchial, fokotsa molumo oa senya, kahoo tsena ka abeloa ho anticholinergics thata ho ntša metsi. Ho phaella moo, lithethefatsi tsena li ka fokotsa hare litsoelesa secretion, hammoho le a liehe ho theosa le gastrointestinal pampitšana motility. Ikatisetsa bongaka, o ile a sebelisa e le hantle haholo-holo hypotensive, e rua anticholinergics tsena. Lenane la litla-morao ke a pharaletseng a:

• Ka lehlakoreng la pampitšana tshilong ya dijo: molomo omeletseng le pipitlelano.
• From tsamaiso ea matšoafo: khohlela, ho teneha ba ka 'na ba nang le phihlelo.
• Ho tswa ho CCC: arrhythmia, palpitations bontša. le matšoao ana a sa tloaelehang le ho leng bonolo ho felisoa.
• litla tse ling a ka fokotseha bonwang acuity, ntshetsopele ya foromo hlobaetsang ea glaucoma, edema.

Contraindications ho tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi anticholinergic

• Hypersensitivity ho derivatives tsa atropine le dikarolo tse ling tsa litokisetso.
• Bokhachane (haholo-holo 1 trimester).
• Diabolololo.
• lilemo tsa bana (a lekanyelitsoeng contraindication).
• Feletseng contraindicated tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ka ho hlaha ka lehlakoreng le-koalo glaucoma ka bakuli ba ho hloleha renal ho hlokahala hore ho ka hloko hlokomela boemo ba mali a le moroto.