List of mafika e le hore nteterwana

Rocks ba le liminerale le metsoako bona. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho nahana polanete ea rōna e ntle le liminerale le hantle eaba ba etsa eona.

tsamaiso e khopo kereita

Abelwang karolo ya nomoro ea tonanahali ea ntseng e tsoela le mefuta e ba arotsoe ka lihlopha. Liphatsa tsa lefutso hlaheletseng:

• sedimentary;
• metamorphic;
• magmatic.

bolelelane morao tjena litlelase mong tse tharo:

• plutonic;
• hypabyssal;
• ha seretse se chesang.

Subgroups ka aroloa:

• bolila;
• mahareng;
• mantlha;
• ultrabasic.

Hoo e ka bang ho le thata ho ngola lethathamo feletseng tsa lefika, e kentse mefuta eohle tse teng lefatšeng, kahoo ba bangata ba bona. A sehloohong sena a re tla etsa boiteko ba ho Sebopeho boitsebiso bo mabapi le mefuta e ngata tse thahasellisang le tse tloaelehileng.

Metamorphic mafika: lethathamo

Tseo ha thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše e tloaelehileng ea dithulaganyo e se nang sesosa. Ho tloha ka ho sokoloha ha ho etsahala ha lintho tse ka mohato ba tiileng, ba pono unnoticeable. Nakong ea phetoho eo, fetola sebopeho, botenya, sebopeho ya lefika pele. liphetoho tse joalo li etsahala, o lokela ho ba le motswako molemo tsa:

• futhumatsang;
• khatello ea;
• e le hantle likhase, tharollo.

Ho na le metamorphism:

• lebatowa;
• The o ikopanye;
• hydrothermal;
• pneumatolytic;
• metamorphism.

E latelang ke lethathamo la lefika alphabetically tsa sehlopha sena oa liminerale.

amphibolites

liminerale tsena di thehoa ke hornblende le stalagmite. The theipi pele e classified e le metaborate. Pono amphibolites - e shale kapa tse fapaneng ya mebala e ho tloha lefifi tala ho batho ba batšo. Mala itšetlehile ka hore na lintho tse ngata tsa dikarolo lefifi-mebala ba teng le ka ho hlophisoa ha matsoai ka. liminerale mahareng tsa sehlopha sena:

• liqhomane;
• magnetite;
• thaethaniamo;
• zoisite.

gneiss

Ka sebopeho sa eona, gneiss morema haufi haholo. Pono khetholla liminerale tsena tse peli le e mong le tse ling tse hase kamehla ho ho khoneha, ho likopi tse morema le gneiss tla ho eena ka ho entsprechen meleng. Empa theko e haholo ka tlaase gneiss.

Gneisses di fumaneha hohle, kahoo a sebetsa kahong. Liminerale tse fapa-fapaneng le e shebahalang hantle. Segokanyipalo e phahameng, kahoo lejoe ka sebelisoa e le aggregate konkreite. Ha porosity tse nyenyane le tse tlaase metsi absorption gneiss ba eketsehile ho hanyetsa freezing. Ho tloha ka khoholeho ea mobu e boetse ke tse nyenyane, ho sebelisa liminerale o lumelloa ka shebileng.

shales

Ho etsa lethathamo la lefika, har'a metamorphic bonnete a letho ka schists. Abelwang karolo ya mefuta e jwalo, tse kang:

• letsopa;
• kristale;
• talc;
• chlorite.

Ka lebaka la ho sebopeho sa tloaelehang le aesthetics ea lejoe, lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho letlapa e fetohile bohlokoa haholo le khabisitsoeng le lintho tse bonahalang sebelisoa ka ea kaho.

Shales - sehlopha ena e kholo, e leng bopang majoe. Lethathamo la mabitso a mefuta e ba ka mafolofolo sebelisoa ke moloko oa batho bakeng sa merero e fapaneng (haholo-holo ka ea kaho, ho lokisa, ho tsosolosa):

• siltstone;
• zlatalit;
• serpantinitovy;
• gneiss;
• phyllitic le slates.

quartzite

Lejoe lena tsebahala bakeng sa matla a sona, ho tloha quartz Ho thehoa le go tlaleletsa ka litšila. Thehoa quartzite sandstone ha likarolo pele ea quartz matsoai nkeloa sebaka nakong metamorphism lebatowa.

Ka tlhaho, quartzite fumana sebopeho tiileng. litšila khafetsa:

• hematite;
• morema;
• silicon e;
• magnetite;
• Mica.

The ruileng mobung di fumanwa ho:

• US;
• India;
• Russia;
• Canada.

Likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa diminerale le:

• ho hanyetsa serame, mongobo, thempereichara e;
• matla;
• polokeho, tikoloho botsoalle;
• durability;
• ho hanyetsa alkalis, acid.

Philly

Ha bonyane ka lethathamo la lefika ke phyllites. Ba lula le boemo ba lipakeng pakeng tsa letsopa le Mica schists. lintho tse bonahalang tse ke le letšo-letšo 'me o motle-grained. Tabeng ena, majoe a ho hlakile hore bonaletsang, ba tšoauoa ka e le schistosity phatlalatsoe.

Phyllites na le Sheen silky. 'Mala sekemeng - batsho, shades ea bohlooho. Liminerale aroha matlapeng mosesaane. E le karolo ea phyllites lokolla:

• Mica;
• sericite.

Ka 'na ba kristale ea lijo-thollo:

• albite;
• andalusite;
• kharenate;
• quartz.

Rich mobung oa phyllite Fora, Engelane le United States.

Sedimentary mafika: lethathamo

Liminerale tsa sehlopha sena li teng haholo-holo ka holim'a metsi. Bakeng sa sebopeho sa maemo a latelang tlameha ho kopana le:

• tlaase mocheso;
• pula.

Ho na le tse tharo subtypes liphatsa tsa lefutso:

• clastic emetseng majoe mahoashe thehoa fracture majoe;
• letsopa, ka tšimoloho e amanang le oa ho fetola lihlopha liminerale "metaborate" le "aluminosilicate";
• biohemo-, chemo-, organogenic. dithulaganyo joalo deposition ba thehoa ka tharollo e loketseng. Ona o boetse o nka kopanela ka mafolofolo tse phelang tse nyenyane, e seng feela, manyolo dintho. Karolo ea bohlokoa ea lihlahisoa tsa matlakala.

From chemogenic ho lokolloa:

• halides;
• sulfate.

Lethathamo la majoe ka lesikeng ena:

• gypsum;
• anhydrite;
• sylvinite;
• reketla letsoai;
• carnallite.

Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mafika sedimentary:

• Dolomite, a lejoe la mokoetla-joaloka teteaneng.
• Lejoe la mokoetla e entsoeng ka carbonate potassium le admixture ea palo e tšoanang ba inclusions le magnesium. Entsprechen ya mefuta e fapaneng ya diminerale tse laolwang ke ea ho hlophisoa le sebopeho, hammoho le botenya matsoai. Tšobotsi ea bohlokoa - eketseha ditefello tsa matla compressive.
• Sandstone thehoa matsoai khoahlapisitseng ya kokangana dintho se hlahang ho yona tlhaho. Durability Lejoe itšetlehile ka admixtures le ka seo ntho e e-ba binder.

majoe ha seretse se chesang

Ba bonnete ba hore majoe a foqoha seretse se chesang lokela ho boleloa. Lenane la lihlahisoa tse joalo, ho akarelletsa le mona liminerale le thehoa nakong foqoha ha seretse se chesang. Ka ho lokolloa ena:

• effusive;
• clastic;
• ha seretse se chesang.

The sehlopha pele, tsejoang hape e le lefika ha seretse se chesang, e kenyeletsa:

• andesite;
• basalt;
• meropo;
• liparite;
• trachea.

Ke pyroclastic, ke hore detrital, boemo:

• breccia;
• tuffs.

Hoo e ka bang feletseng nteterwana lethathamo la mefuta e foqoha seretse se chesang lefika:

• anorthosite;
• morema;
• gabbro;
• diorite;
• dunite;
• Komati;
• latites;
• monzonite;
• obsidian;
• pegmatite;
• peridotite;
• perlite;
• pumice;
• rhyolite;
• syenite;
• tonalite;
• petrosilex;
• slag.

mafika Organic

From mesaletsa ea lintho tse phelang tse thehoa ka majoe manyolo, lenane la tseo ke nepo e qala ka lintho tse bonahalang bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa - tjhoko. majoe ana e matleng a hae ho re se re bone ka holimo sedimentary sehlopha le tsa bohlokoa, eseng feela ka ho ya ka bomaleba ho rarolla mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng tsa botho, empa hape ka tse bonahalang ke ba ruileng lintho tse epolotsoeng.

The subspecies bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mofuta ona wa lefika - tjhoko. Ho tsebahala haholo 'me a sebelisa ka mafolofolo bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi: ho ngoliloe ka mapolanka likolong.

Mel thehoa calcite, tseo pele ba neng ba e le oa likhetla ba ne ba lula ba boholo-holo maoatle coccolithophorids dimelametsing. Bana e ne e phelang tse nyenyane tse ngata ahileng polanete ea rōna e lekholo ea milione lilemong tse fetileng. Ka nako eo, e dimelametsing ka sesa ka bolokolohi ho pholletsa le tšimo e khōlō ea leoatle a futhumetseng. Shoa, lintho tse nyenyane haholo rothelang tlaase, eaba ba etsa lera le letšo-letšo. Libakeng tse ling ruileng mobung oa sediments, ho na le tse makholo tse limithara tse ka botenya le tse ling. Molemo ka ho fetisisa a tsejoang e ke tjhoko maralla:

• Volga;
• French;
• Senyesemane.

Ka ho ithuta mafika Cretaceous, bo-rasaense ba fumane mesaletsa ea tsona:

• urchins leoatle;
• morue;
• seponche.

E le busa, inclusions tsena - ke feela e seng mekae etsang liphesente tse kakaretso tsa utolola tjhoko, e le hore metsoako joalo u se ke ua ama ea entsprechen ea bakang ho. Ka mor'a ho ithuta ka mobung Cretaceous, le jioloji fumanetseng tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le:

• lilemo bakang;
• metsi karolong e ngotsoeng e ne e ho na le pele;
• maemo a khethehileng hore pele le teng sebakeng seo ithutoe.

mafika Igneous

Tlas'a magmatism ka tloaelo utloisisa e le bothe ea liketsahalo e bakiloeng ke seretse se chesang le mesebetsi ea eona. Seretse se chesang - ya qhibiliha metaborate, tlhaho le teng ka sekontiri se metsi, haufi le mollo. E le karolo ea seretse se chesang ho na le phahameng peresente ya likarolo hloka botsitso. Maemong a mang, ho na le mefuta e:

• bao e seng metaborate;
• nizkosilikatnye.

Ha seretse se chesang pholisa le hlaka ka ho benyang, ho na le igneous majoe. Ba boetse o bitsoa igneous.

Abelwang karolo ya bakang:

• intrusive;
• effezivnye.

Pele thehoa ka botebo haholo, 'me ea bobeli - nakong lekhopho le, ke hore, ka ho toba ka holim'a metsi polanete.

Nako le nako ha e le karolo ea seretse se chesang se na le mefuta e fapaneng ya majoe a, e qhibilihe ebe e tsoakiloeng le boima metaborate. Sena se halefisitseng:

• hōlisa mocheso lefatšeng ke motenya;
• pumped khatello ea;
• motsoako oa lintlha.

Phetolelo ea khale ea magmatic mafika - morema. Se lebitso la hae haholo ka Latin - "mollo" e emela hore bakang le boemong ba bona ba pele e ne e le e chesang ka ho fetisisa. Morema e haholo ananela eseng feela ka entsprechen lona botekgeniki (boitsebiso boo e Hoa makatsa hore ebe tsoarellang), empa hape ka lebaka la botle ba, ka lebaka la ho inclusions bonaletsang.