Libaka sireletsang phahameng khatello ea khase, mahareng le tlaase

Joale e ke ho le thata ho nahana bophelo metseng le metseng e meholo, hammoho le lik'hamphani liindasteri ntle tsamaiso thehilwe lipeipi. Ba fepa sephalli le likhase, lumella batho ho futhumatsa matlo le likhoebo - hore o sebetse ka katleho. Leha ho le joalo, rua molemo ka boteng ba khase, e lokela ho a hopola hore le sa buisane le khase e kotsi haholo le tletse lintho tse ngata tshenyo e matla ho hlaheloa ke kotsi bona.

From historing ea lipeipi khase

The lipeipi pele li ne li sebelisoa ea Boholo-holo China. E le methapo sebediswa lehlaka, 'me le overpressure ka liphaephe le khase e ne e sa fuoa "matla a khoheli". Metsoako tsa tube, lehlaka e tletse thapo dibopeho joalo lumelloa Chinese mocheso le khantša malapeng a bona le fetola mouoane letsoai.

Pele European lipeipi khase hlaha ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Ebe khase eo e ne e sebelisetsoa ho etsa mabone seterata. Mabone seterata pele e ne e mafura, 'me ka 1799 ea Mofora Lebon tlhahiso termolampy kgona ho khantša le futhumatsa le kamore. khopolo ea o ne a sa tšehetsoa ke 'muso,' me o hlomelloa likete Jets khase ntlo ea hae, e leng ho fihlela lefung la hae o ile a lula e le moenjiniere Parisian ikhethang. Feela ka 1813 liithuti Lebon khona ho qala mabone a metse ka tsela e joalo, empa e ne e se a ntse a le Engelane. Paris e ile oa oa ka lilemo tse tšeletseng, ka 1819. The peterole sebediswa maiketsetso mashala khase.

St. Petersburg ba ile ba qala ho futhumatsa kamore, ea fetang khase eo ka lipeipi le ka 1835, ha a ntse Moscow - ka 1865.

Types of khase ho itšetlehile ka khatello ea khase ka hare ho bona 'me a tshebetso gasket

lipeipi khase bitsoa kaho ea lipeipi, lipalo le ya disebediswa tse kathoko, tse reretsoeng ho fana ka khase le ho sebaka batlang. Mokhatlo oa khase e kamehla etsoa tlas'a khatello, e leng itšetlehile ka litšobotsi tsa e mong le e le kabelo.

Khase lipeipi tse mola le kabo. The khase pele e isoa holim'a sebaka se selelele ho tloha ka seteishene sa kabo ho e 'ngoe. Ea bobeli li etselitsoe ho fana ka khase ho tloha seteisheneng ho switjha ho sebaka sa tshebediso kapa polokelo. Sebopeho sa lipeipi e ka kenyeletsa e le mela e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta, ya kokangana le' ngoe ho e lokisa ketane.

Long-hole lipeipi tse ba mekhahlelo e 'meli, ho itšetlehile ka khatello ea khase ho tsona.

• Dihlopha ea pele ea lipeipi ka sehloohong e sebetsa tlas'a khatello ho fihlela ho 10 MPa.
• Mokhahlelo oa bobeli oa lipeipi khase phetiso e reretsoe ho sebetsa le khase e eo khatello ea e 2,5 MPa.

Kabo lipeipi tse arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo ho itšetlehile ho eona ka khatello ea khase.

• Tlaase khatello. khase e fetile ho bona ho 0,005 MPa.
• Mahareng khatello. Ho fetiswa khase ka ducts joalo o etsoa tlas'a khatello ea ho tloha 0,005 ho 0,3 MPa.
• Phahameng khatello. Ba sebetsa ka khatello ea 0,3 ho tse 0.6 MPa.

tlhophiso e mong lumella u ho abelana lipeipi tsohle khase, ho itšetlehile ka hore na ba li beha ka lebaka, ka tlas'a metsi le lekhulo.

ke eng sebakeng se tshireletso ya meralong le khase le ho bakeng sa eona ke eng

morero ona, ditshwani mabapi le selekane lipeipi, e le bophara ba tse itšetlehile ka mofuta le lipeipi e hlomamisa ka liletsa khethehileng. Ho thehwa ha libaka tshireletso ya lipeipi khase etsa ho ka khoneha ho e thibela kapa thibela kaho ea lipeipi e khase sebakeng seo. Ka morero oa ho pōpo ea lona ke ho bopa maemo a tlwaelehileng sebetsa ea lipeipi e, tokiso lona kamehla ho boloka botšepehi 'me fokotsa liphello tsa dikotsi hlahelang.

Ho na le "Melawana ya tshireletso ya lipeipi se seholo" se busang ho thehoa ha libaka sireletsang tsa mela e fapa-fapaneng le phala, tse akarelletsang le lipeipi khase tsamaisa khase ea tlhaho kapa likhase tse ling.

Ka libaka pafara ba lumelloa ho tsamaisa mosebetsi oa temo, empa ho se lumelloa ho tsamaisa kaho. Mosebetsi oa ka nhat ba mehaho e ntseng e, mehaho e le khokahano tlameha ho lumellana le mofani ya sapoto le tšebetso ea lipeipi e. Har'a mesebetsi e le hore ba se ke a lumella hore a phethe ka libaka pafara, e boetse e akarelletsa tokisetso ea cellars, litlama likoting, ho bolaoa ha tjheseletsa, tlhomamiso ya terata hore sitisa ho fihlella lokolohile ho lipeipi e, ho bōpa landfills le mehaho ea polokelo, hlongoa litepisi, e thehiloeng meralong le khase, hammoho e le sesebelisoa dikgokelo tshebediso e sa dumellwang.

Properties pafara libaka tsa khase phahameng khatello ea

Sireletsang libaka meralong ea khatello e phahameng ea ba 1st le 2nd sehlopha Lokisa tšoanang. mosebetsi bona - fana ka khase ho dinetweke tseo kabo ea khatello e tlaase le mahareng.

• Phahameng khatello ea lipeipi 1st sehlopha mosebetsi le khase ka khatello ea tse 0.6 MPa ho 1.2 MPa, haeba ba susumelletsa hore khase ea tlhaho kapa motsoako khase-moea. Bakeng sa hydrocarbon likhase tsamaisoa ka sekontiri se metsi, khatello ea lokela ho sa feteng 1,6 MPa. tshireletso libaka tsa bona e 10 limithara ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a selekane lipeipi tabeng ea lipeipi kabo le limithara tse 50 bakeng sa khase ka sehloohong phahameng-khatello, eo khase ea tlhaho e tsamaisoa. Tabeng ea moo lipalangoang o etsoang liquefied khase pafara libaka e 100 m.
• Phahameng khatello ea lipeipi 2nd sehlopha isoa khase ea tlhaho, motsoako liquefied-khase le khatello ea khase ea 0,3 ho tse 0.6 MPa. tshireletso libaka tsa bona ke 7 limithara, 'me haeba le meralong ea khase - 50 limithara tsa khase ea tlhaho le 100 - LPG.

Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa pafara libaka tsa khase phahameng khatello ea

Security phahameng khatello ea libaka khase e hlophisitsoe ke mokhatlo oa hae ho sebetsa ka lebaka la morero, ho ba le ho thunngoa, entsoe ka mor'a ho phethoa kaho le mangolo a tumello. Ho e boloka, liketsahalo tse latelang.

• Mong le e mong likhoeli tse tšeletseng, ho mokhatlo oo o hlophisitsoeng o sebetsang tse phahameng-khatello ea khase lipeipi, e tlameha ho ba hopotsa ho batho ka bomong le mekhatlo e ba tlatlapa naha libakeng tse sireletswa, ka tšebeliso naha ea litšobotsi tsena libaka.
• Selemo le selemo, tsela ea lokela ho fetoloa le ho lokisa tsohle lokolloa ka direkoto tsa hae ha ho hlokahala. libaka sireletsang khase phahameng khatello ea e hloekile ka ho latellana.
• Security phahameng khatello ea khase libaka e tšoauoa ka dikarolo lona guttate ka mekoallo lokisetsa ho e leng sebaka sa ha ho feta 1000 limithara (Ukraine) le sa limithara tse fetang 500 (Russia), karolong e ngotsoeng e lokela ho tšoaea ho dikhutloteng kaofela ba chenchana tsa tube, le.
• le mateano a litsela tsa lipeipi le litsela tse kholo le lipuisanong tse ling tsa lokela ho a tla tšoauoa ka matšoao khethehileng, notifying hore ho na le libaka tsa ho ikarola phahameng khatello ea lipeipi khase. Libese hara thontsweng libaka pafara e thibetsoe.
• E mong le e bareng e fuoa-poster tse peli le boitsebiso bo mabapi le botebo ba ketsahalo ea tseleng, hammoho le tataiso ea oona. The poleiti pele e mounted plate 'me e mong le matšoao a sebaka - a sa le hlaha ka lehlakoreng le ya likhato tse 30 ho lumella tlhahlobo bonwang le tsoang ka ntle.

Features ya libaka o ile a sireletsa ea lipeipi khase mahareng khatello ea

Security mahareng khatello ea libaka khase ho latela litokomane tsa molao-motheo oa limithara tse 4. Ha e le mela e phahameng-khatello, ho e beha ka lebaka la ditokomane botekgeniki, eo e fanoa ke mekhatlo - bayemi. Motheo bakeng sa pōpo ea ka libaka tshireletso le ho e sebelisa ho morero oa mong'a ke ketso e ntshitsweng ka 'muso sebakeng seo kapa ho phethahatso.

libaka sireletsang mahareng khatello ea lipeipi presupposes lithibelo tse tšoanang le boletsweng tsa mela e phahameng khatello. Ho phetha mosebetsi ofe kapa ofe ho epolloa ka libaka pafara Ho hlokahala hore a fumane tumello ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ho sebeletsa karolong khase lipeipi.

Tšoaea ea libaka o ile a sireletsa bakeng sa khatello ea karolelano e tšoanang. Ka mekoallo e lokela ho ba le tsekamelo lipoleiti le tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le lebitso la lipeipi e, tsoang tsela, e leng sebaka ho tloha poleiti ho selekane phala, mehato sebakeng pafara, lithelefono hore a buisane ka le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng e lula le karolo e itseng ea lipeipi e. Boards ba lumelloa ho tla behoa pylon e motlakase, dinetweke tseo puisano le litšiea teko.

Properties pafara libaka tsa mela khase tlaase khatello ea

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa ho khase tlaase khatello ea ho fana ka phepelo ea khase ho meaho bolulo le mehaho e, tse ka ka a haha-ka kapa freestanding. Lipalangoang le ba e ngata ea khase e uneconomical Leha ho le joalo, le utility bareki kholo joalo marangrang e sa sebelisoa.

Tlaase khatello ea khase alamo sebakeng ke 2 limithara ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a selekane a phala raloe. lipeipi tsena ke kotsi e nyenyane, e le sebakeng se pafara potolohileng e fokolang haholo. Lithibelo ka tšebetso ea oona tse tšoanang le tseo hlahiswa bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea libaka sireletsang meralong ea.

Security tlaase khatello ea khase libaka e tšoauoa ka tsela e tšoanang nakong e fetileng tse peli. Ha lipoleiti tse lokisetsa ka bindings, ke mosehla, joale padded phala entsoe ka nhua polyethylene. Haeba ho ke ke tala, le lintho tse bonahalang tse tube, ho - tšepe. Letlapa leo e na le tšobotsi bakeng phahameng khatello ea piping khubelu fringing holimo.

O ile a sireletsa libaka tsa lipeipi le ka ntle

Bitsoa ntle khase lipeipi teng ka ntle ho mehaho ea ho diaphragm kapa tse ling tse sesebediswa switjha, e ka ba ho kenapa e, ka tsela eo input ka moaho ka mothofatso sekhukhu. E ka teng ka tlaase ho mobu, le be le teleskopbomlift kapa fatše.

Bakeng sa khase ka ntle, melao e latelang ho beha tsa libaka tšireletso ea:

• libaka sireletsang matha hammoho le lipeipi tsa ka ntle ke 2 limithara ho tloha mong le e mahlakoreng a selekane le.

• Ha e le meralong feela ka tlas'a lefatše e ile a lokisetsa le ho ba le phala nhua polyethylene le e sebediswa ho kgetha le lenane la dipina koporo mokhanni, sebakeng pafara tsa lipeipi sekhukhu tabeng ena ke ka ho ho fumana ho lithapo 3 limithara, 'me ka lehlakoreng le leng - 2 m.
• Ha lipeipi e lokisetsa mobung permafrost, ho sa natswe ea lintho tse bonahalang e le phala pafara libaka tsa lona tsa 10 limithara ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a selekane tube,.
• Ha lipeipi ke intersects hara-fedisa le morung kapa likarolo overgrown le lihlahla, libaka tsa lona pafara ke limithara tse 3 ka mahlakoreng tsa selekane sa. Di lokisetsa ka mokgwa wa ae palameng, le bophara ba limithara tse 6.
• Khase alamo libaka, o lutse har'a lifate molelele o lekana le bophahamo ba bona palo e kahodimodimo ho sefate ho oa ka ke a etsa tlōlo ea botšepehi ba meralong ea.
• libaka sireletsang ka ntle lipeipi extending tlas'a metsi ka nōkeng, pokello kapa letšeng e 100 m. E ka a emela pono e le sebaka se pakeng tsa lifofane tse peli tse tšoanang le ea fetang ka tlas'a maemo a mola leliboho.

E le libaka le tshireletso thehoa bakeng sa meralong ho khetheha

O ile a sireletsa libaka tsa lipeipi le khase e har'a libakeng tse ka tšebeliso naha khethehileng puso. Ka nako e tšoanang, lintho tsena ho na le ke bohloeki libaka tšireletso, moo tsohle sete melao SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.

Ho latela kopo e mong oa melao ea tsamaiso tsena, libaka bohloeki ba khase phahameng khatello ea itšetlehile ka khatello ea ka phala e, bophara ba eona, 'me mofuta oa mehaho, mabapi le eo hole e balwa.

Sebaka nyenyane ka ho fetisisa tsa linōka bohloeki le 'mele tse ling tsa intakes metsi le metsi le ditlhomo nosetso ke 25 limithara tsa kutu lipeipi tsa bophara leha e le efe kapa mofuta.

tšireletso ea ho fetisisa libaka tsa lipeipi khase phahameng khatello ea hlokahala haeba re bua ka khase lipeipi 1 Sehlopha sa 1200 limilimithara le bophara ba metseng e meholo, metsana ea teropong le libakeng tse ling tse tletseng batho. Tabeng ena, bolelele ba libaka le bohloeki e 250 m.

ya data More qaqileng ka libaka bohloeki-sireletsa lipeipi kutu le liquefied khase ea tlhaho e ka fumanoa ka litafole tshwanelanang ka tokomane ena. Ka litsela tse kholo, ho tsamaisa khase liquefied, libaka bohloeki haholo eketseha.

Tlōlo ea libaka le meralong feela. boleloang molao le tikoloho

Tlōlo ea libaka le meralong feela e ka etsa hore ya indasteri kotsi e tebileng, mollo, kapa ho phatloha. nyeoe ea bona e ka ba ho epolloa tshebediso e sa dumellwang libakeng tse sireletswa kantle ho tumello ea meralong ho sebeletsa mokhatlong oa Jehova, a rothelang lifate, senya koloi.

Ka ho fetisisa, ho tla ba le tlōlo ea kwahelang, ka mpe ka ho fetisisa - terompeta e tla mapetsong le likoli tse ling, tseo ha nako e ntse tla etsa hore menyenyetsi khase. likoli joalo ka 'na sa etsahala hang-hang,' me feela ka nako ho etsa hore boemo ba tshohanyetso.

Tshenyo meralong le ka lebaka la ho tlōla ea libaka o ile a sireletsa le tla fuoa kotlo ka ho lefa molato ka sehloohong ya tsamaiso, eo e itšetlehile ka boholo ba tšenyo e. Heletsoa mehaho hahoa ka naheng ea libaka o ile a sireletsa, ke qeto ea Lekhotla la Tsamaiso.

Ho boloka ho epolloa tshebediso e sa dumellwang, lifate tshebediso e sa dumellwang ho lema le lihlahla, ho hlophisa liketsahalo tsa lipapali, bewa ga mehloli mollo, kaho ea mehaho, ntshetsopele ya likoting lehlabathe, hammoho le ho tšoasa litlhapi, mosebetsi oa ho ho tebisa le hloekisa tlase le sesebediswa nosetsang sebakeng seo otlhaelwe ke difaene tsa khase lipeipi karolo mose oa le 5000 li-ruble.

Itebela hore libaka ha qapa khase: fumana naha le ntlafatso

Akanya hore tshireletso libaka tsa lipeipi le khase lokela ho sebediswa e mong le joalo, melao e tla thusa ho sireletsa dineteweke khase kabo. Hangata ditokomane ena hammoho dithebolo tse ling fanwa ka bayemi. Hore na ke mang e tla etella pele tšebelisano ea morero le litšebeletso, ea bontšang dinetweke tseo sebetsa, hammoho le le ba boholong sebakeng seo, ba hlalosoa ka konteraka mosebetsi. Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ho phetha mosebetsi ona e lokela ho ba le lengolo la ho mefuta eno ya mesebetsi.

Bohato ba pele ba ho bōpa e le zounu pafara ke ho phetha taolo ea phuputso e entsoeng phethahatso. morero oa oona se seholo ke ho sheba mokhoa o nepahetseng oa bindings le ho latelwa bona le ditokomane porojeke.

The lebaka la phuputso e entsoeng hona li hlalosoa okamelang oa lintlha tse bath ea tse felileng pina, sebaka, palo le lipalo, geometry ea thepa ea motheo e le likarolo tse ling tsa lipeipi e, hammoho le e thehilweng ditlaleo taolo, ditlabelwa, le baleg emg HRU tshehetsa le likarolo tse ling.

libaka sireletsa dinetweke tseo gazoraspredelyayuschih laolwa ke melao amoheloang ke molao-taelo oa 'Muso 20.11.2000 №878.

Tšireletso ea ka libaka tse laolwa mela khase Rules amohelehang Mintopenergo 29.04.1992 le Gostekhnadzor (№9) 22.04.1992.

Le ka lebaka la mosebetsi ona o 'mapa kapa moralo bakeng sa naha thepa, tseo e ka tlasa tumellano le beng kapa basebedisi ba merero e mebe naha tseo lipeipi e fetisa. Ketsahalong e 'ngoe ea taolo ya naha setšeng isoa boemo' mele ea ngolisoang naha.