Lera la leihlo. The barbotage ka ntle la leihlo

The leihlo na lipalo tse peli tse: pele le ka morao. Sebaka se pakeng tsa bona se ka karolelano limilimithara tse 24. Ke boholo kholo ka ho fetisisa ea leihlo la ka. The bongata ba boima ho qetela ea mantlha e ka hare. Ho hlakile diteng tsa e leng e pota-potiloe ke lera la tse tharo. E entsoe ka likaroloana tsa metlae ea metsi, lense le 'mele vitreous. Ka mahlakoreng 'ohle ba leihlo konokono pota-potiloe ke tse tharo tsa leihlo: fibrous (kantle), vascular (karolelano) le letlooa (hare). Re tla u bolella mabapi le e mong le e ba bona ba.

Khetla tsa ka ntle

The robust fetisisa ke khetla ka ntle la leihlo, fibrous. Ho leboha ho leihlo la hae le khona ho boloka sebopeho lona.

cornea

The cornea kapa cornea - pele lona nyenyane karolo. boholo ba eona ke ka 1/6 boholo ba khetla kaofela. The cornea ka leihlo la ka ke khonvekse karolong e le yona. Foromo ke concave-khonvekse, a batla a molelele lense e shebileng morao concave. About 0.5 limilimithara ke botenya behang mohlala o motle oa cornea ena. bophara ba sona tshekaletseng ke 11-12 limilimithara. Mabapi le ho se paatsepama, boholo ba eona - 10,5-11 limilimithara.

The cornea - the bonaletsang selateng sa mahlo. E entsoe ka connective dinama tse nyenyane tse stroma sebeletsang pepeneneng le corneal lisele theha boleng ba sebele ba lona. Le ka pele le ka morao bokaholimo haufi ho stroma kamorao le moeli anterior ea poleiti ea. Ea bobeli e emela ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho cornea (fetotsoeng), ha e mong a le tsoa endothelium, e le hore e akaretsa ka morao holim, 'me hape mela kaofela anterior kamoreng ea Leihlo la motho. Stratified epithelium koahela bokaholimo pel'a cornea ena. Ho tsoela ka ntle ho meeli ea hlabang ka epithelium ea khetla tlohang. Ka lebaka la ho pathomorphology ya dinama tse nyenyane tse, 'me lebaka la ho hloka lymphatic le mali lijana tsa cornea e, ho fapana le lera le latelang, e leng albuginea leihlo ke sebeletsang pepeneneng. Re hona joale ba retelehela ho sclera tlhaloso.

sclera

Albuginea leihlo e bitsoang sclera. Sena kholoanyane kamorao karolo ea khetla e ka ntle ea ho pota 1/6 tsa eona. Sclera - le tsoela pele ka ho toba ea cornea ena. Leha ho le joalo e thehoa, ho fapana le ea bobeli, le likhoele tsa dinama tse nyenyane tse connective (teteaneng) doped le likhoele tse ling - elastin. Tunica leihlo khetla, ho feta moo, ha e bonaletsang. The sclera ka cornea sa tsoela pele butle-butle. Translucent bezel ke ka moeli pakeng tsa bona. E bitsoa thōko tsa cornea ena. Hona joale hore u tseba seo albuginea mahlo. Ho e bonaletsang feela qalong, haufi cornea ena.

mafapha sclera

The anterior tsa ka ntle holim 'a sclera koahetsoeng ka conjunctiva. Sena mucosa mahlo. Ho seng joalo, e bitsoa e connective. Ha e le ba karohano ka morao, bonang! E koahela feela endothelium. Holim 'le ka hare la sclera, e leng shebileng choroid, hape e akaretsa endothelium. Bolelele ba lona sclera kaofela ke botenya e tšoanang. Karolo thinnest - sebaka seo ho sona ho tlala likhoele tsa methapo ea kutlo optic, e tsoang ka leihlo la ka. Ho na le e thehoa poleiti lekhoakhoa. Sclera o na le botenya khōlō ka ho fetisisa e ka sedikiso sa methapo ea kutlo optic. Ho mona pakeng tsa 1 le 1.5 limilimithara. Ka mor'a moo, botenya le decreases, fihla ka tlaase ho equator ea 0.4-0.5 limilimithara. Retelehela ho tšimo ea kamano ea mesifa, sclera hape thickens, bolelele ba eona e ka tse 0.6 limilimithara mona. Feta meetly e se feela optic likhoele methapo ea kutlo, empa e boetse e le venous le lijana ea bohlokoa le methapo ea kutlo. Ba theha e letotong la mekoti ka sclera, e leng Liithuti bitsoa sclera. Haufi le mophethong oa cornea, e botebo ba pele ba lefapha la hae, larileng ka bolelele kaofela tsa sinus tsa sclera ea, matha circularly.

choroid

Ho joalo, re ne re lokela bokhutšoanyane hlalosa barbotage ka ntle la leihlo. Hona joale re retelehela characterization ea vascular, hape ho thoeng ke karolelano. E e arotsoe tse latelang likarolo tse tharo sa lekaneng. Pele ea bana ba - e kholo, ka morao, e leng ho mela ka bang tse peli tharong ya holim'a metsi le ka hare la sclera ena. E bitsoa choroid. Karolo ea bobeli - ka karolelano, teng ka moeli pakeng tsa cornea le sclera. Sena ciliary mele. Qetellong, e leng karolo ea boraro (ka tlaase, ka pele), phetiso ka cornea le bitsoa iris e kapa iris e.

Ha e le hantle choroid makhalong ntle meeli e bohale ka anterior ho ciliary mele. Bohale toothed ea leboteng ka sebetsa jwalo ka moeli pakeng tsa bona. Hoo e ka bang ho pholletsa le choroid feela haufi le sclera le, ka ntle ho sebaka sa ba hang-hang, hammoho le karolo e itseng e tsamaisanang le methapo ea kutlo optic. The choroid haufi bobeli bonwang na le lesoba leo ka lona poleiti teng ho latticed sclera faeba optic methapo ea kutlo. Holim 'ka ntle la ho lula holim'a pigment le koahetsoeng le lisele tse endothelial. Ho lekanyetsang vokrugsosudistoe capillary sebaka hammoho holim 'le ka hare la sclera ena.

le dikarolo tse ding re thahasella Shell thehoa ea mokato oa methapo ea kgolo, vascular eaba ba etsa poleiti. Sena ke haholo-holo le methapong le methapo. Connective likhoele rekere, hammoho le lisele tsa pigment le tšekamelo therebetween. Mahareng vascular lera hore larileng tebileng lera. Ke ka tlaase ho moo pigmented. Ho e abuts khokahano likepe tse nyenyane le methapong eaba ba etsa vascular-capillary poleiti. E haholo-holo ntshetswa pele a sebakeng macular. Structureless fibrous lera - sebakeng se tebileng ka ho fetisisa tsa choroid ena. E bitsoa poleiti ka sehloohong. Karolong e anterior tsa choroid le thickens hanyenyane 'me le fetisa ka ntle ho meeli ea hlabang ka ciliary mele.

sethusathuto ciliary

E koahetsoeng ka holim'a ka hare tsa poleiti botlaaseng, e leng tsoela pele ho ea lakane e. Pampitsana e bua ka choroid ena. The ciliary 'mele , boholo e na le ciliary mesifa, hammoho le stroma ciliary mele. qetellang e emeloang ke dinama tse nyenyane tse connective ruileng lisele tse pigment le friable, 'me e boetse e le plurality ea tšelang.

Likarolong tse latelang tse hlaheletseng ka ciliary 'mele: ho ciliary lesakaneng, ciliary sephali le mesifa ciliary. Ho qetela o ka ofising ea hae tsa ka ntle 'me ka ho toba le haufi le sclera ena. Smooth likhoele mesifa ea mesifa ciliary e thehoa. Har'a bona khetholla likhoele circumferential le meridional. Tsa morao tjena ka matla pele. Ba theha letsoho eo sebeletsa ho tsitsipano e choroid. Ho tswa ho sclera le anterior kamoreng angle qala likhoele tsa eona. Tsamaea morao, butle-butle, ba ile ba lahleheloa ka choroid ena. mesifa ena, ho itšeha, pulls pele ho ciliary 'mele (karolong e ka morao) le choroid (karolong e ka pele). Kahoo, khatello ea kelello ba ciliary senyepa decreases.

ciliary mesifa

likhoele chitja ameha sebopeho sa mesifa chitja. phokotso lona fokotsa lumen ea lesale eo e bopa e ciliary mele. Thanks sebakeng sena lokisa ho equator ea lense ciliary senyepa atamela. Ao bo a bakang boikhathollo tsa senyepa sa. Ho phaella moo, kotlobane ea lense eketsa. Ke karolo ena ea mesifa chitja ciliary o boetse o bitsoa mesifa compressing lense.

selika-likoe ciliary

Sena se karolo posteromedial tsa ciliary mele. Arcuate ka sebopeho, o na le holim lekane. selika-likoe Ciliary tsoela pele ntle ho meeli bohale choroid.

ciliary o kopanyang

Ho ae phethang e anterior-karolo. Ho ntša ka crease tse nyenyane, e fihla radially. Tsena lemenong ciliary susumelletsa anteriorly ka dithulaganyo le ciliary, tse ka bang 70 le eo ka bolokolohi e qeta le apole khutlela khamera. Bohale lekaneng ho e thehoa sebaka moo ho na le battlefield e ka ciliary pars plana whisk. Sena ke sebaka sa sephuthelwana ea ho lokisa sepeiti sa lense ciliary senyepa.

iris e

Forefoot ke iris e, kapa iris e. Ho fapana le mafapha a mang, e ke ke fumana ka ho toba ka cladding faeba. Iris ke tswelediso tsa ciliary 'mele (lefapha lona pele). Ho ka sefofane tse tobileng le a batla a tlosoa cornea ena. Round lesoba bitsoa thaka, o na setsing lona. Ciliated bitsoa bohale bo fapaneng ka bohale e ka sedikiso eohle ea iris e ho. stratum qetela e entsoe ka mesifa boreleli, methapo ea mali, dinama tse nyenyane tse connective, hammoho le a mangata likhoele methapo ea kutlo. The pigment e etsang hore " 'mala" mahlo ke khutlela holim' a lisele tsa tsona li iris e.

mesifa ea hae e be tse boreleli li ka 'nģa tse peli: radial le chitja. Thaka circumferentially overlies lera chitja. Ho bopa le mesifa hore constricts thaka. likhoele li lokisetsa radially, foromo mesifa, e leng e fetela.

The anterior holim 'a iris e le hanyenyane khonvekse anteriorly. Ka lebaka leo, le ka morao concave. Ka pele, ka sedikiso sa thaka, e nang le ho honyenyane ea kelello lesale la iris e le (pupillary libaka). About 1 limilimithara ya bophara. The lesale nyane e potapotoeng kwa toothed mola tsoeng extending circularly. E bitsoa lesakaneng nyenyane ea iris e ho. Karolong e setseng ea holim pele ka bophara batho ba ka bang 3-4 limilimithara. Ho ke ea lesale kgolo le ka ntle la iris e, kapa ciliary karolo.

ho retina

Re tšohlile ha kaofela ha leihlo. Re hlahisitse fibrous le vascular. Seo khetla leihlo e-s'o ho nkoa? Karabo - ka hare, letlooa (it o boetse o bitsoa le ho retina). khetla ena e tšoantšetsoang ke lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo sebakeng dikarolo tse 'maloa. mela e le ka hare ho leihlo. Sena se boleng e khōlō ea leihlo. Hore e fana ka pono ea motho, hobane o bontša sepheo. Joale e ntan'o ba tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le bona e fetisoa bokong ka tsela ea methapo ea kutlo optic. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho retina ha bona ho le joalo. leihlo sebopeho khetla joalo hore kholo ka ho fetisisa bokhoni ba ditshwantsho tse e tšoauoa ka macula ena.

macula

Ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo retina. All re utloile ho tloha sekolong tse ka ho retina melamu le dikhouno. Empa macula ho na le dikhouno feela, e leng boikarabelo ba ho Pono mmala. E ne e se ka lebaka la hae, re ke ke ba khona ho khetholla lintlha e metle, ho bala. Ka macula ho na le maemo a tsohle bakeng sa ngodiso ya mahlaseli a khanya ka tsela e qaqileng. Retina sebakeng sena e ba thinner. Ka lebaka la mahlaseli a khanya ka fumana ka ho toba ea dikhouno khanya-hlokolosi. methapo ea mali ea ho retina tse ka kena-kenana le pono e hlakileng ka macula e na. lisele tse lona ba tsamaisoa ho tswa choroid teng tebileng. Macula - e le karolo e bohareng ea retina, moo palo ea motheo ea lisele khoune (lisele tse bonwang).

Le se ka har'a khetla

Ka hare khetla ba lokisetsa pele le ka morao kamoreng (pakeng tsa lense le iris e). Ka hare ba tletse ka metsi. Pakeng tsa bona e teng vitreous le lense. sebopeho ho qetela ke lenticular lense. Lens, e le cornea refracts le fetisetsa mahlaseli leseli. Ka lebaka la a tsitsinkela ena ka setšoantšo ho retina. Vitreous jelly ya tumellano. Eyeground aroloa ho lense ka eona.