Ke mang Wahhabi: lifoto, libōpeho, ho se tšoane ho tloha Mamosleme ba sebele

Hona joale haholo-holo a hlobaetsang le ka lefatše (haholo-holo Russia) sechabeng ba mathata a amanang le khōlo ea feteletsang bolumeli, ka ho khetheha Maislamo. Ka ho loketseng kelellong setjhaba, feteletsang Islamic e matla e amanang le Wahhabism. Ka nako e tšoanang, ba bang ba Mamosleme a nahana ho balateli ba mokhatlo oa bolumeli e le bo-ralitima-bakeng sa tlhoekiso ea Boislamo. e Wahhabi ke mang? ke phapang pakeng tsa bona le Mamosleme seo? likhopolong tsa bona ke mang? All ena tla bolelloa sehloohong sena.

ba bo-mang?

Pele ho talimela tsohle ho ba le Wahhabis. Di Ranked e le balateli ba Wahhabism - tsela e khethehileng ka ho Boislamo. Ba lumella bakeng sa litlhaloso mefuta e meng ea Koran le Hadith. Poleloana e reng "Wahhabism" o ne a le qapiloe ka bahanyetsi ba XVIII lekholong la lilemo la moleli Muhammad Ibn Abdul alwahab. maikutlo a hae ka modernization tsa Boislamo li 'nile tsa boleloa hore o sebetse. O ne a ile a re hoo e ka bang ka bohlanya.
Jwale, poleloana e reng "wahhabism" e na le litlhaloso tse ngata. Ka tsela eo, baemeli ba Bokreste le ho latola boteng ba Molimo ba atisa ho amahanngoa le ho likhukhuni Wahhabi. Batho ba neng ba ha ba rutehileng ka litsela tsa Boislamo, e ka fumana Mamosleme efe kapa efe e joalo, ho ba le litelu.

le Wahhabis ka Islam bo-mang? Bakeng sa balateli ba ea setso Islam Wahhabi ke motho e mong ea nang le tlhaloso fapaneng ea bolumeli ba. Kahoo, tlhaloso ea kajeno ea e kgolo ee bophara e ngata 'me e akarelletsa Mamosleme tsohle ba khomarelang e tlhaloso e meng ea Boislamo. Wahhabis bitsoa ka chesehang ka ho feteletseng ba sebele le Sunni. E le hore re utloisise hore na ke Wahhabi hlile ba lokela ho tseba tšimoloho ea mokhatlo oa ena ea bolumeli.

hlaha

Mothehi oa mokhatlo oa sena bolumeli ke moleli Muhammad Abdel Wahhab, ba ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la lilemo la XVIII e neng e le moeta-pele oa mokhatlo oa lerabele leo ka Hloahloeng ea Arabia tsa ho ipusa ntle ho ba boholong Ottoman. E le motheo likhopolo ya lekgotla la mokhatlo oa tokoloho sebediswa mapetjo a ka ho hlokahala hore a loantšanang bakeng sa tlhoekiso ea Boislamo tloha dipopontshwa. Ho ea mantlha ea hore likhopolo tsa Muhammad Abdul Wahhab e ne e le ho hana ha 'musi o Turkish e le' musi ho phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa Mamosleme 'ohle. Kahoo, ho tšehetsa ea sechaba tokoloho ntoa sebediswa mapetjo a bolumeli, hangata ho le joalo ho fihlela joale. Qalong ea ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la ho lokolloa mokhatlo oa ka ho Arabia ile a hatella ke lihlopha tsa masole a ka Turkish Sultan. Ba bang ba nako ka Wahhabis ha e so utloileng. A lilemo tse lekholo le mashome a mahlano tsa mapetjo a bona ba ile ba boela a tsosa le moeta-pele mocha Abdelaziz Al Saud, mothehi oa 'Muso oa Saudi Arabia. Le se qalang tsa naha ea masimo a Saudi Arabia oa meholo. oli ho hasa Wahhabism ho pholletsa le lefatše Islamic ho ne ho sa tšehetso e matla a lichelete.

History of ntshetsopeleng

Wahhabism e le mokhoa likhopolo ka Islam e haufi-ufi amanang le Saudi Arabia le e neng e sebelisoa ke didikadikwe busang ka finyella lipakane tsa leano tsoang linaheng tse ling ho hlahisa puso lefatšeng Maislamo. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ba lumela hore batho bana ba - ga ke Mamosleme. Wahhabis leke ho hloekisa Islam empa mekhoa eo ba neng ba sebelisa bakeng sa ena, ha ba tšehelitsoe ke Qur'an Halalelang.

Ka lebaka la ho Arab-Iseraele ntoa ea 1973 ho na le e ne e le keketseho e potlakileng litheko oli, e ile ea etsa hore kgolo ya leruo la ho a phahameng sechabeng se busang Saudi Arabia. Jeddah bōptjoa Organization tsa Conference Islamic le Banka ea Islamic la Ntshetsopele ya, e leng ile ea e-matla seletsa ho ata tšusumetso Saudi linaheng Mamosleme.

Wahhabis ka US

Wahhabism a boela a sebelisa United States e le setsi likhopolo ho loantša Union hlasela Afghanistan ka 1979. Saudi Arabia, United States le Pakistan tlatsetsa ho ata ha maikutlo a hae bakeng sa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa jihad ho loantša ho ba teng Soviet Union ka Afghanistan. A lehlakoreng le phello ea leano lena e bile ho hlaha ha le koetlisitsoeng hantle, o ne a le matla likhopolo tšusumetso ea bahlabani ba ngata Maislamo, ba, ka mor'a hore ntoa Afghan fallela khohlano le US le entseng selekane le sona. Ho ile ka nako ena, matsoho US ile a bōpa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa "Al Qaeda" tlasa boetapele ba Osama hours Laden, bao mosebetsi ebe ba ile ba qala nako e telele bakeng sa United States e le tšokelo e khōlō.

Matlafatsang tsa religooznogo phallo le tlatsetsa ho hasana lona lona kabelong ya Saudi Arabia oa King Fahd sehlooho "se tsebe tsa tse peli Halalelang borapeli ba mamosleme" (Mecca le Medina). Ka tsela eo, Wahhabism e le bolumeli ba molao ea Saudi Arabia fuoa matla a litempelana le e ka sehloohong ea Boislamo.

"Wahhabi" - ha ho lentsoe le litšila, le ba bangata ba nahanang ka eona. poleloana e reng The Ho thehoa ka lebaka la liketsahalo tsa histori.

Se etsahalang kajeno?

Jwale Wahhabi Islam tlalehong ea lefatše e ka bang ka mong lekholo ba Mamosleme. Centers ba Saudi Arabia le Qatar. Hape, likhopolo tsena etsa motheo likhopolo tsa mokhatlo oa "Taliban" ka Afghanistan. Wahhabism hape nka e ngata radicals Islamic feela ho ka hantle ya ho itokisa ho ea loantša "infidels". Kahoo, mokhoa ona likhopolo ho tloha qetellong ea XX lekholong la lilemo la ile ka tieo amanang le bokhukhuni Maislamo. Ke mang Wahhabi ha e le hantle e le hore e fapane le ea setso Mamosleme?

Ho se tšoane Mamosleme Wahhabi

Likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa mokhoa oo le ka moo e fapane le makala a mang a Boislamo.

1. Balateli ba Wahhabism ho toba hlalosa Koran, e seng e nahane ka boemo ba sechaba, lipolotiki e Arabia ka nako ya Moprofeta Muhammad. Allah e lemohuoa e le motho a le mong, ea nang le matla a ho susumetsa ka bolokolohi, empa ponahalo ea lona e ntse e le sephiri, hobane ha a ka rata motho ofe kapa ofe le ntho efe kapa efe. Ho se tšoane Mamosleme Wahhabi bontša ka 'nete ea hore pele ba tletseng bora haholo ho makgabane setso.
2. E le motheo oa thuto Wahhabis ba feela o ile a hlokomela likoleke tsa hadith tsa Bukhari le Mamosleme, 'me ka ho feletseng negate dikolong tse ling tsa bolumeli le tsa molao. Hape, ba ile ba nkoa e le tsa bohetene kopo ka ho toba ho Allah ( "Tawassul"). Ho nkoa e sa rateheng ho etela mabitla a metsoalle of Mohamed le bahalaleli ba bang Mamosleme. Wahhabis bolaoa, ho ea ka bona, 'me u se ke ua lokela ho a tla patoa ho latela lineano tsa Mamosleme' ohle.
3. Wahhabis latola borapeli ba bafu le loana ntoa e ferekane kelellong le mabitla a balimo (timetsa, ba thibetsoe ho etsa lipontšo le emise liemahale). Ba matla a loane ntoa ba bohale bo tšosang le nakong e fetileng ea histori ea batho, ho batla ho timetsa litempelana le liemahale tsa setso. Kahoo ba latola boitsebiso ea sechaba, ho loanela ho bopa e ncha setjhabneg histori ea Mamosleme. maikutlo a bona a lipolotiki le a ba bolumeli ba fapana ka radicalism feteletseng. Ho khesoa batho bohle ba sa nka maikutlo a bona le setso sa bona 'me a talima lintho ka tsela - likarolo tsa sehlooho tsa Wahhabi.
4. Hape, bakeng sa balateli ba mokhatlo oa sena e tšoauoa ka e hana feteletseng bao e seng Mamosleme ba lumelloa ho bolaea le loane (jihad) le bona. Wahhabis eo, ba bolaea batho ba malumeli a mang - e ketsahalo seo se etsahala hangata ha ho linaheng Mamosleme. Ntoa khahlanong le "infidels" ke ntho e halalelang leha e le Mamosleme. Ka nako e tšoanang negated meeli ea sechaba. Mamosleme a bohle ba sebeletsang ka 'muso, ea sesole le mapolesa ba boholong tsa linaha tseo e seng linaheng tseo ho tsona Islam e nkoa e le ya semmuso bolumeli o ile a hlokomela bakoenehi. batho ba ka ho fetisisa mabifi Wahhabis. Photos sitoa ho fetisa maikutlo a sithabetsang hore phela ka lipelong tsa bona.
5. Wahhabis ha ba lemoha hore ke melao ea puso, liqeto tsa makhotla a boipheliso, ho phaella ho Shariah. Hape Wahhabis latola maqhubu a mang ka Islam (Sunni le Shia). mesebetsi ea likhukhuni ka lebitso la lintho tse amanang le Boislamo e (ho akarelletsa boitelo) ho nkoa ka lokafatsoang 'me a khothalletsa. Tabeng ena, balateli ba Wahhabism latolang boteng ba eona, ka lebaka la litumelo tsa bona tsa bolumeli ba 'nete bakeng sa bona feela.
6. le Wahhabi le seo ka morero oa ho itshola hae ke mang? Ka morero oa ho batho bana ke ho bōptjoa ha e le 'ngoe boemo Islamic (caliphate), tshebetso ka lebaka la molao Sharia. Ho e utloisisa tabeng ena hore caliphate tla thehilwe motheong oa phetha karolo efe e ka sehloohong ea Saudi Arabia le Qatar, eo ho busa a phahameng sechabeng nka e boemong bo ikhethang. Wahhabi thuto hangata e fetola ho itšetlehile ka lipakane tsa hao tsa lipolotiki li ne ideologues khōlō. Ka nako e tšoanang e ntse e sa fetohe ka kakaretso dikamano militant le latola tsa puisano le malumeli a mang.
7. Tsela ea ho khetholla Wahhabi tloha senokoane tšoana ka eng? Ka lebaka la ho commonality tsa Wahhabism le dikgopolo masholu, likhopolo tsena li habonolo lemohuoa ka litho tsa mekhatlo e fapa-fapaneng ea tlōlo ea molao. The tšobotsi ka sehloohong ke radicalism feteletseng kamanong e seng feela ho batho ba bao e leng malumeli a mang, empa hape le ho Mamosleme - balateli ba mekhoa e meng ka Boislamo. Ba lokela ho loana le ntoa irreconcilable ho tlatsa timetso ea bona. Wahhabis ha itsebahatsa e le karolo ea sechaba tseo ba e matleng a hae. Dinaheng ba latola. The ntho e ka sehloohong - ho latela melao le meetlo ea Boislamo ka kutloisiso ea bona.

Wahhabism Russia

Ka naha ea Federation ea Russia, Wahhabism nametse haholo-holo ka ho North Caucasus (Dagestan, Karachaevo-Cherkessia). Lebaka la sena ke ho ba teng libakeng tsena, ba bangata moruong mathata (ho hloka mosebetsi, bofuma, bobolu 'muso le coercion molao mekhatlo). Dagestan Wahhabis - tsena ke batho ba sa kang ba fumana tšehetso ea ho rarolla mathata a bona kapa ba nka khetholloa ke ba boholong 'me ba boholong coercion molao le ka lebaka oela tlas'a tšusumetso ea radicals Maislamo. Jala mehopolo Wahhabi thusa hore ho mosebetsi oa manģosa a tsoang linaheng tse ling (haholo-holo ho tloha Saudi Arabia, Jordan le Pakistan), morero oa seo ka sona ke ho hana ho North Caucasus ho tloha Russia le ho bōptjoa caliphate ka. mesebetsi ea bona ea mashano a ka morao 90-ogy ea XX lekholong la lilemo la tlatselitse ho bofokoli ba mmuso le tse peli Chechen lintoa. Ho ata ha mekhatlo khōlō Islam kgothaletsa se tsebe ho bala ba bolumeli ba baahi ba, batho ba haholo-holo ba bacha, ditletlebo tsa histori (ho hopola lintoa Caucasian, ho lelekoa).

Mabaka a fokolisa tšusumetso ea Wahhabism

Ho fihlela morao tjena, boemo e ne e ke loantša ho phatlalatsoa ha likhopolo tse ngata fetelletsa competently haha leano ea sechaba. Hona joale, le e matlafatsang ea matla a ho laela boemo, tharollo butle-butle mathata moruong, ntoa e khahlanong le bobolu li ile tsa 'muso, fokotsa mesebetsi ea batho bao e seng ea' muso mekhatlo e sa tšoaneng ea machaba bao e seng phaello tšusumetso ea Wahhabis sebakeng North Caucasus oela.

matšoao Link

1. Ponahalo bath totobatsa Wahhabis. Photo le bontša hore ke tšobotsi ea bohlokoa ea ponahalo ea bona - le litelu. O ile a, ho ea ka balateli ba Wahhabism ke tšobotsi e tlamang ea batho. Leha ho le joalo, e le hore pata lumelloa kuta e khutšoanyane kapa esita kuta litelu hae. Ka hore ba se ke be ba le tšimong ea coercion molao, ho Wahhabis leka ho pata le ho se kheloha boima o ka sehloohong oa Mamosleme. mashano bona e atisa ho patiloe. Atamela ka sepheo sa ho jalla bothaothi o entsoe ka mor'a ho ithuta ka hloko bonkgetheng. Hona joale, e le setsi a susumelletseha hore a boiteko ba ho sebetsa le mocha Mamosleme. Ho sebedisa se tsebe ho bala, ho se butsoe, e sekamela ho batho maximalist mocha.
2. Hape, libōpeho ka ntle, e leng se ka khetholloa Wahhabis e shortened apere marikhoe (ka holimo leqaqailaneng la), hlooho beola beola. Li ka boela tsa apara mose naha, li ile tsa amohela dinaheng tse Arab.
3. Ho na le boetse ho na le ho se tšoane ka le tloaelo ea ho etsa litšebeletso tsa bolumeli. Wahhabis, ho ba Mamosleme, u se ke ua beha hloohong ea skullcap 'me u se ke ua sebelisa rosari, eo khethollang bona ke balumeli ba tloaelehileng.
4. Wahhabis mona shebella, e le hore basali ba bona ka ho feletseng koahela sefahleho, ba siea monyetla o bulehile feela mahlo. Balateli ba tse khōlō Islam bua hantle ka mokhoa o le tsamaiso ea lipolotiki ea Saudi Arabia le e re morao tjena tsa bokhukhuni (LIH), oa thibeloa naheng ea Federation le Serussia. mashano bona lingoliloeng hangata e etsang ya data ha khumo kapa hatisitsoeng mo tlase ga latelang phatlalatsang matlo a: "Badr", "Umma", "Tauba", "Fazhrul-Islamiyya (Fajr)", "Ibrahim hours Abdul-Aziz Al-Ibrahim", "Santlada ".

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho Wahhabis hangata e ipitsang Salafis.

bofello

Wahhabism ka mokhatlo oa bolumeli o ka hare ho Islam ile ntshetswa pele ka lilemo tse lekholo li XVI le e amanang le likhanyetsano rarahaneng hare sechaba le tsa lipolotiki tsa Arabia, ka ho khetheha ntoeng khahlanong le puso ea 'Muso oa Ottoman. Qalong ho ne ho le ea mekhoa ea sechaba ho lokolloa, 'me ka nako eo, ka tlas'a tšusumetso ea hore likhopolo tsa puso lefatšeng Maislamo, ne ho bonahala eka har'a phahameng sechabeng se busang Saudi Arabia, hammoho le tlas'a tšusumetso ea makhotla a Link (USA) a nka khōlō Wahhabism. E tšoauoa ke ho hana litaelo tsohle tsa Boislamo, le khahlanong le melao-motheo ea lona likhopolo, hammoho le phatlalatso ea ntoa e khahlanong le "infidels" ka mosebetsi halalelang sa mong le e mong oa Momosleme. Movement foromo lona tsa sejoale-joale e kotsi ka ho feletseng ho tsamaiso ea puso ea Federation ea Russia, e sokela boleng ba naha (the hana tsa North Caucasus le libakeng tse ling le na le baahi bogolosegolo Mamosleme).

E lokela ho utloisisa hore Wahhabism e seng ba bolumeli ba mokhatlo oa bath ea Russia Mamosleme le o ile a tlisoa e tsoang ka ntle le ke boiteko ba ba mabotho Link ho hloka botsitso le boemo ba lipolotiki naheng ena. Loantša radicalism lokela kenyeletsa ho felisa lisosa tse tlatsetsang ho hana bolaoli ba hae ka lehlakoreng la baahi ba mosebetsi sephara thuto, haholo-holo har'a bacha bao ho fetisisa bonolo hore liphello tsa litloaelo mojaki wa marena Islam tsa mashano a bolumeli. Ho phaella moo, e loketseng hore ba boholong setjhaba ba lokela ho hlokomela mesebetsi ea batho ba mefuta eohle mekhatlo bao e seng ea 'muso chelete e tsoang linaheng tse ling, a phethang mashano mojaki ho ea ka lineano tsa makgabane Serussia.