Ke hobane'ng ha e le habohlokoa ho ithuta tsamaiso ea tlhaho 'me a boloke ba dikarolo tsa PC joang?

Ke hobane'ng ha e le habohlokoa ho ithuta tsamaiso ea tsa tlhaho (PC)? The karabo ea potso ena e ka ba tse kgutshwanyane: e le hore a boloka tikoloho. Sehlooho sena se fana ka tlhaloso e qaqileng ea hore na ke mefuta e mengata ea likhomphutha, ke hobane'ng ha ho ke ea bohlokoa ho tseba le ho boloka tsamaiso ea tlhaho ea boholo bo bohle.

ke eng tsamaiso ea tlhaho?

Lentsoe "rarahaneng" ka ho bolela Latin "le puisano e Remix". Lentsoe lena le sebelisitsoe ka ho saense tse fapa-fapaneng, ho akarelletsa le tsa tlhaho. Tlhaho kapa hahlaula mefuta e fapaneng - o liketsahalo efe kapa efe e tla ama etsahala linthong tsa tlhaho. Se nkiloeng ho khetholla PC landschap, khopolo ea pele e pharaletseng haholo. Ka mohlala, e rarahaneng tsa tlhaho e nkoa e le moru, steppe le libakeng tse moru ka naha eo, kaofela libaka khetla.

Hlano dikarolo ka sehloohong sa PC le

Natural rarahaneng tse tlhakantsuke efe kapa efe ya thepa ea motheo ka sebakeng seo ea itseng oa liphallelo, mafikeng, mobu, metsi le lintho tse a klimate a ka lintho tse phelang. Mong le e mong PC lokela bopilwe dikarolo tse hlano tla ama: tlelaemete, mobu, metsi, limela le liphoofolo. Ke hobane'ng ha e le habohlokoa ho ithuta tsamaiso ea tlhaho, ho tloha lilemo pele ho mehla ea sekolo? Ho utloisisa le ho a se ke a senya likamano tsa hore eketsa ho fihlela ho PC e le. Nahana ka mehlala e itseng la tšusumetso bobeli ea dikarolo tsa rarahaneng tsa tlhaho.

Climate - ka sehloohong motsoako oa PC zonal

makgetheng klimate itshetlehile sebakeng se hahlaula. Ka ho khetheha, sebaka ka ho eketsehileng e teng ka equator, mocheso ka tlaase ho moo letsatsi o fumana. Thehoa PC arctic ea lehoatata kapa tundra. Haholo insolation ka lebaka la ho hloka mongobo e isa ntshetsopele ya seka-na le lehoatata le lehoatata.

Climate amang sebopeho sa e itseng mofuta oa mobu. Mohlala, lithoteng tsa, ho na le linako tse mofuthu le serame ea selemo. Solar mocheso lehlabuleng fihla ka ho lekaneng, 'me le mongobo ho honyenyane. taba Organic butle-butle bola le sebopeho sa humus - ntho e ntšo, e fanang ka le leso kudu shades ea mobu ho fetisisa o nonneng - chernozem.

Ke hobane'ng ha e le habohlokoa ho ithuta tsamaiso ea tlhaho? Tsebo ea likarolo PC lumella ho utloisisa kamoo boemo ba leholimo 'me mobu ama sebopeho ea limela le liphoofolo. Ho joalo, ka masabasabeng le laoloa ke joang, lifate le lihlahla ho pula lekaneng. Empa ha palo ya mongobo o tsoela pele ho fokotseha, 'me mesebetsi ea batho e ea isang ho ho timetsoa ha mobu, ka lehoatata qala.

Mefuta ea litsamaiso tsa tlhaho

PC fapana ka boholo. Kahoo, pond nyenyane e leng setsiketsi morung kapa khohlo e lilomo - e mehahong ea tlhaho ea boemo bo tlaase. Fetang libakeng tse khōlō ea lik'honthinenteng ho ka beha tshusumetso ya libaka tlelaemete thehoa tsamaiso ea tsa tlhaho Lefatše - libaka tsa tlhaho (PZ). Tsena li akarelletsa tundra, meru, masabasabeng le mahoatateng. Ho phaella ho tsena tsa motheo PC zonal ho na le mmuisi, e kopanya lintlha tsa tsamaiso ea tse peli tse haufi tsa tlhaho. Kabo ya maq lithoteng tsa mamela latitudinal zonation.

Lithabeng, ho na le ke PC le phetoho bophahamo (phahameng-bophahamong libaka). Ha lithaba ka holimo le 5000 limithara le e le haufi le equator, e mabanta Kit a ka di na le dipegelo tloha ka libaka 5 ho 7 (mongobo merung, Savannah, meru e tsoakiloeng, makhulo lithaba, mahoatateng Stony, glaciers le lehloa).

ke eng tlhaho e rarahaneng (ea sebaka)? Histori e mong ho feta mofuta - azonal PC. Isolated lik'honthinenteng le maoatleng tsa tlhaho ea sebaka mehahong (PTC). A karolo ea etellang pele ka sebōpeho sa mofuta ona wa PC phetha lithogenic botlaaseng (sebopeho sa naha, jioloji, sebopeho a mafika).

PTC - thōko ka sebaka ea tsamaiso ea thehoa ke dikarolo tla ama: ea lefatše karolong e ka holimo, sepakapaka, metsi, limela le liphoofolo. Kholo tsa tlhaho mehahong - lik'honthinenteng, naheng le sebakeng libaka, sebopeho, meeli ea tlhaho. Kholo ka ho fetisisa le ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa PC - libaka sekoahelo, o tlohang lithosphere, sepakapaka, hydrosphere le biosphere ka unit trust e le 'ngoe.

Ke hobane'ng ha e le habohlokoa ho ithuta litsamaiso ea tlhaho ea bohale joang?

Bakeng sa likhomphutha tsohle, esita le maemong a tlaase-tlaase, tšoauoa ka melao akaretsang, tse kang botšepehi, ka ho tlōla karolo e 'ngoe e etsa hore ho timetsoa ha tsamaiso eohle. Qamaka, shebella le mofuta wa naha ea habo bona, ho na le mehlala e mengata ho bontša sena le melao tse ling. Tsa tlhaho li etsahala ka lipotoloho tsa taba e ngata le matla. Amehang dithulaganyo tsena, metsoako ea tlhaho tse sa pheleng, limela, liphoofolo le batho.

Ha rera mofuta ofe kapa ofe mosebetsi ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka liphello tsa seo a ka etsa hore. Ka hona, pele ho tsogelwa mehaho bolulo le indasteri, pele ho kaho ea litsela, meepo khanna dipatlisiso tikoloho. Litsebi leka ho fumana hore na sena kapa mofuta oa mosebetsi ama tikoloho. Tsebo ea likarolo PC, likamano tsa bona lumella ntle ho nahanela le tlhaho, ho e sireletsa bakeng sa meloko e tlang.