Hoholeha liphatsa tsa lefutso: thepa ea motheo ea tshebetso

DNA karolo eo ho eona e teng ea itseng locus phatsa ea lefutso e bitsoang kateng. Ho ka 'na na le liphetolelo ngoe ea boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso - alleles. Ka baahi leha e le efe, ho na le palo e khōlō ea mehaho e ya data. Ka tsela eo kabelo ea itseng allele ka liphatsa tsa lefutso ea baahi kakaretso jara lebitso la maqhubu a phatsa ea lefutso e.

Ho phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tse itseng ile sa etsa hore phetoho ho iphetola ha lintho tsa mefuta e, maqhubu a lona e lokela ho ba ka ho lekaneng phahameng, 'me le allele sehole e lokela ho lokisoa ka batho bohle ba e mong le e mong. Le palo e nyenyane ea liphetoho tsa lona mutational khone ho susumetsa histori ho iphetola ha lintho tsa lintho tse phelang.

Ho allele maqhubu a ntse e hōla, ba lokela ho sebetsa lintlha tse itseng - ho ritsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho falla le ho khetha tsa tlhaho.

hoholeha liphatsa tsa lefutso - ena ke tšohanyetso allele kgolo ya le tlas'a tšusumetso ea liketsahalo tse 'maloa tse kopana le na le botho ba stochastic. Tshebetso ena e amana le taba ea hore ha batho bohle ka baahi ba ameha ho ikatisa. Ke ho fetisisa bath matšoao kapa mafu a tse sa tloaelehang, empa ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke khetha ka ho bolokoa ka lelapa kapa esita le baahi bohle ba boholo nyane bakeng sa nako e telele. tsa paterone ena e atisa ho bone ka baahi e nyenyane, palo ea leo e seng batho ba fetang 1,000, hobane tabeng ena ke ho falla tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa.

E le hore ba utloisisa hantle hore na ho hoholeha le liphatsa tsa lefutso, ba lokela ho li ela hloko melao ena. Maemong a moo allele maqhubu ke 0, ka atleha meloko ea eona ha a fetohe. Ha e fihla 1, moo re ka bolela hore phatsa ea lefutso ka baahi ba e tsitsitseng. Random liphatsa tsa lefutso sa hoholeha 'me ke ka lebaka la tsamaiso e lokisa sepeiti le ho lahleheloa ha tsoa hong ea allele ngoe. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, tsa paterone ena ka amahanngoa ha phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso le ho falla ha a bake liphetoho ho sa feleng ka metsoako ea loci.

Ho tloha maqhubu phatsa ea lefutso e na le botho ba bao e seng directional, ho fokotsa mefuta-futa ea mefuta e, 'me hape ho eketsa phapang pakeng tsa baahi ba moo. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore hona o hanyetsa falla, eo ho eona lihlopha fapaneng ea lintho tse abelana alleles bona. Hape re lokela ho re hoholeha liphatsa tsa lefutso e na le hoo e ka bang ha ho na le phello e maqhubu a ea liphatsa tsa lefutso motho ka baahi ba kholo, empa lihlopha tse nyenyane, e ka ba ea makhaola-khang ho iphetola ha lintho le palokatiso. palo ea alleles boa fetoha ka tsela e hlollang. Ba bang ba liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka irretrievably lahlehile, e leng haholo impoverishes ho se tšoane liphatseng tsa lefutso.

E le mohlala, mafu a seoa le boima, ka mor'a moo baahi ba ile atlehe hoo e batlang e hlaphoheloe ka lebaka la ho baemeli ba eona ba 'maloa. Ho feta moo, bana bohle ba ne ba le tsoanang balimo phatsa ea lefutso. Ka mor'a moo tjaleho allelic fapafapana tiisa bahlahisi importation kapa bindings tloha e ntšetsang pele se tšoane ho hōla ka phahameng ka ho liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Feteletseng ponahalong ea hoholeha liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka bitsa ponahalo ea baahi e ncha ka ho feletseng eo Ho thehoa ho tswa ho batho ba 'maloa feela ba - ho thoeng mothehi sebediswa.

E tlameha ho ka boleloa hore mekhoa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsosoloso ithuta theknoloji ea baeloji. Liphatseng tsa lefutso le boenjiniere - mokhoa oa saense ena, eo lumella u ho fetisetsa lesedi liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ha phetiso ena phatsa ea lefutso e lumella ho sebetsana le mokoallo mefuta le ho phatlalatsa lakatsa thepa tse phelang.