Graben - e ... What grabens, le hore na ba ba thehoa

A sehloohong sena a re ke re hlahlobeng potso e amanang le liketsahalo tsa tlhaho. amoha ke eng le hore na ba ba thehoa? Hape, sheba pele, lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho fapana le hoo ba graben - e Horst.

ke graben seo

Graben - karolo e itseng sagging ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše, e leng ile ha thehoa ka lebaka la tectonic molato le ikhethang har'a likarolo tse botsitsoeng.

Grabens hangata li etsahala ka lebaka la mabotho a tensile pota libakeng tse hlahisitsweng naha. Tlas'a bohato la subsidence mobu le hlaha le ina lefika lihlopha.

Hammoho le molekeng oa graben ho hlaha lelele likarolo, tse thehoa ka ho bokella ntseng e tsoela pele e ncha, ba ile ba ba bitsoa "mapheo a graben ea."

Bolelele e ka fihla tse mashome a seng makae kapa tse makholo km - ka bophara. Ka ho fetisisa a phatlalatsa 'me a tsebahalang grabens ba Afrika Bochabela. Ba leng teng hammoho le matsa le Tanganyika, Victoria, Nyansa. Russia, e graben kholo ka ho fetisisa - e Barguzin beisine, beisine ea Lake Baikal.

Tsamaisong rona a letsatsi e kholo ka ho fetisisa graben - Valles Marineris, teng ka Mars. Lebaka Education - mosebetsi ha seretse se chesang.

ke Horst seo

Horst - ke upbeat ka-ea le literata liphoso tsa banana peels ka, sebopeho ka lebaka la mekhatlo tectonic.

Amanang le ho holim'a metsi le mefuta e meraro ea Horst:

1. Sekametse - holim fetela sebakeng kaofela e sekamisoa ho lehlakoreng le leng.
2. Chesele - ho na le ke stepwise narrowing fatše.
3. Unilateral - etsolla liphoso kapa liphoso tsa etsahala ka lehlakoreng le leng feela.

Horst hangata e kopana ho theha le lithabeng le litlhōrō bataletse. Bolelele hangata fihla makholo, le bophara - mashome a km, bophahamo - likete tse 'maloa limithara tse. mehlala e totobetseng ke Horst lithaba ka Spain Sierra Nevada lithaba Jeremane ka boroa-bophirimela, le Black Forest.

Ka lekhetlo la pele poleloana e reng "Horst" o ne a hlahiswa ho ea saense Geological ka 1873 ke Austria Edward Suess. Ho bua ka mantsoe a hae, graben - e sekoti, Horst - leralleng.

karohano

Rift - guttate tshekaletseng kgolo ho tepella maikutlo ka karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Ka tloaelo ho, sete ya depressions, occupying sebakeng seo e khōlō ea tšimo.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea ka libaka karohano - oceanic le kontinenteng.

Phello ea pele ho tloha kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a ho entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa seretse se chesang e tsoang bolibeng ea Lefatše le mokatong oa leoatle. Seretse se chesang le tlas'a khatello sutumetsa sa tenyetseheng lithospheric lipoleiti, ka lebaka la mokhoa ona Ho thehoa mocha oceanic karolong e ka holimo.

Continental karohano ka libaka tse thehoa ka ho hōlisa holim plumes (chesang seaparo sa ka holimo), 'me mosebetsi ha seretse se chesang le hlaha thinning le otlolla ea karolong e ka holimo kontinenteng. rifts joalo ho ka etsa hore ho thehoe le leoatle le lecha. Bochabela African Rift tsamaiso e khopo, e leng sebakeng se Afar, libakeng tse ling ha thehoa oceanic karolong e ka holimo ke ba banyenyane.

Rifts, eo ile a khaotsa ho ka ho ntshetsa pele le e sa fetoloa maoatleng, e bitsoang aulacogens. Ka tloaelo, ka libaka tse joalo thehoa mobung ea lirafshoa. Mohlala, Devonian Donetsk deflection ke kgolo morafong oa mashala.

Hangata motswako wa Horst-graben - e aulacogene.