Engineering jioloji. Geological phuputso e entsoeng le boenjiniere

Jioloji - ea saense ea lefatše. Ho kaofela tse rarahaneng tsa laea saense le liindasteri tse amanang le ho ithuta ka karolo e ka holimo ea lefatše 'me libakeng tsa lona tebileng. maikemisetso jioloji tsepamisa haholo-holo ka tsebo ea melao ea sebopeho le sebaka sa MPI (matsoai mobung). Ho fetisisa ea se tsekoang itseng tšohloa jioloji ea kajeno, e bua ka ka botebo ba ka bang 10-15 km le, e leng e etsa hore ke ka botebo Geological ea sehiloeng masimong a phutha boholo-holo le boemo jwale ya bokgoni botekgeniki le tlhahiso ea morolo matsoai.

bopa dikgopolo tsa kakaretso

Engineering jioloji ke saense le botekgeniki lekala ea jioloji hore o ithuta litšobotsi le mekhoa ea ho sebelisana pakeng tsa tikoloho Geological le dibopeho boenjiniere. The ntho e jioloji tse le dikarolo e ka holimo 'me brennan banana peels maemo Geological ya sebopeho bona le deposition, morphological, matla le lintho tse khethollang matla ka lebaka la boenjiniere le mosebetsi ya moruo motho.

Hammoho le mesebetsi e khethehileng haholo, Engineering jioloji kenyeletsang ithuta Geological molao wa motheo wa, sebopeho le thepa oa mobu, maemo a hydrogeological e timetsang dithulaganyo Geological le nomoro ea litaba tse ling. Ka hona jioloji makalana kenyeletsa hore ho hlokahala hore tsebo itseng sephara a 'maloa a laea haufi mafika, ho akarelletsa le jioloji kakaretso, diminerale, geomorphology, hydrogeology, petrography, ritsa, geophysicists le ba bang.

Lipakane le Sepheo

Engineering le Geological dipatlisiso ba ikemiseditse ho ho kenya tshebetsong e fa tekolo setshehetso sa le akaretsang la lintlha Geological bakoang ke lintho tseo batho ba ka kaho le boemong moruo, ka kopanelo le tlhaho dithulaganyo Geological.

Ba ka sehloohong le boenjiniere jioloji mathata amanang le ho ithuta lintlha Geological le tectonic, geomorphological, litšisinyeho tsa lefatše le technogenic, go tlhoma tlhaloganyo mo ka tsoelo-pele ea boenjiniere bo-Geological ithuta, eo hakaalo tlang pele kahong ea mehaho e le boemo ba ea merero ea lehae boenjiniere. Ena ea lehae e le indasteri mehaho e le mehaho, litsela, literene, matamo, marokho, seaplane, tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, sebetsang ka tlas'a lefatše, bosebeletsi ba ka tlas'a lefatše, le lintho tse ling tse ngata.

Kahoo, boenjiniere le jioloji etselitsoe ho fana ka bayemi, lihahi le tshebetso tšebeletso ea mehaho khoebo ya data tsohle tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho rala le ho haha, hammoho le ho etsa mesebetsi e amanang le tshebetso tsa bona.

E Thehiloe ho ya ka dipholo tsa liphuputso Geological ngola tlaleho monyetla motheo ea kaho ea meaho kapa makala le beha libaka tšoanelang ho fetisisa bakeng sa placement bona. Tlaleho lokela ho kenyeletsa dikgothaletso ka mokhoa itlhopheang proizvodnje ya mesebetsi, litlhahiso tsa merero ya ka dipehelo tsa ho tšepahala bona palo e kahodimodimo le mehato e thibelang ho loantša khoneha mpe dithulaganyo Geological hore a ka sokelang tšireletseho ea moaho kapa sebopeho.

dikarolo tse khōlō tsa boenjiniere le jioloji

E le karolo ea saense ya jioloji, boenjiniere le jioloji, le eena, a se akarelletsa a 'maloa a ho itaea, eo ka sehloohong li nkoa geodynamics le boenjiniere, Mobu le lebatowa le boenjiniere jioloji.

Mobu, e le lebitso la ka fana ka maikutlo a, ke saense ea lekala jioloji, eo ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa sebopeho, sebopeho le thepa ea mobu, melao ea sebopeho bona le ho bokella, hammoho le peculiarities ya a iponahatsa tlhaloganya sebaka le ya ntango bakoang ke kaho le boenjiniere le mesebetsi ya moruo ya batho.

The ntho e Engineering Geodynamics ke e mengata e fapaneng dithulaganyo kajeno mafika hore ba le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ka maemo a bakeng sa kaho le tshebetso ya dibaka tsa khoebo leha e le efe ka boholo. Ke le thulaganyo ea mofuta ona e kenyeletsa litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, ho ritsa ha lefatse la fapaneng hlahang ho yona, dips, subsidence, mapetsong le ba bang. Ho phaella ho lithuto le weather forecasts, kaofela ba ile ba etsa hore ho hlokahala hore ho be le mehato e sireletsang le polokeho, e leng e boetse e bua ka ho mathata a geodynamics boenjiniere.

Regional boenjiniere le jioloji, hammoho le tse ling Geological le boenjiniere, ho ithuta litšobotsi le melao ea ntshetsopele ya le dikarolo ka pele-pele mehopolong ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše, ba etsang ho thoeng lithosphere, ka lebaka la ho le boenjiniere jwale le rerile le khoebo le boenjiniere bo mosebetsi ea lehae ea motho. Empa ka taba ea jioloji lebatowa tse ka tlhaloso lintlha Geological ka tekanyo lebatowa.

Physico-phetha molao thepa ea mafika le mobu

Ho phetha moralo le ho ithuta kaho ea thepa physico-phetha molao a mafika le mobu e le ea bohlokoa ho fetisisa ka lebaka la manollo ea matla, ho tšepahala le ho durability ea botlaaseng ba setsing sa itšetlehile ka liqeto tse ngata leano tse amanang le ho khetha sebopeho ho haha, boholo, mofuta le boikemisetso ba modumo kaho le mesebetsing e se amahanngoang. Tabeng ena, 'meleng le ho phetha molao feela thepa ea mafika le mobu hakaalo li hlahlobisisa ka mekhahlelo eohle ea boenjiniere le dipatlisiso Geological.

Bakeng sa ditekanyetso 'meleng-ho phetha molao feela a mafika le mobu kenyeletsa litšobotsi tse latelang: granulometry, plasticity, phatsa segokanyipalo, dikahare mongobo, bongata segokanyipalo, matla a kuta, tensile matla uniaxial compression, angle ea e lule, petrographic sebopeho, subsidence la ho ruruha le shrinkage, modulus tsa elasticity, coefficient mobu hanyetsa, modulus, suffusion leaching, karo-karolelano Poisson e, dikahare letsoai, filthara coefficient, metsi absorption, metsi ho tlala, 'me palo e ba entsprechen eketsehileng.

Lekola le thepa geotechnical a mafika le mobu kamehla tsamaea le boitsebiso bo ithutoang le lik'hemik'hale, hammoho le makgetha a ho mehaho le textural.

Ea ho hlophisoa le staging tsa lithuto tsa geotechnical

Engineering le Geological dipatlisiso feto-fetohe kenyeletsa reconnaissance mosebetsi, boenjiniere le-Geological phuputso e entsoeng, Engineering-Geological phuputso e entsoeng, detalizatsionnye mosebetsi nakong ea kaho le dipatlisiso ho qetela tsa phethoa.

Reconnaissance ke tsa tekolo tse akaretsang tsa tsebo Geological le geophysical ho fumana hore na bokgono ea mosebetsi o eketsehileng, boitsebiso bo eketsehileng. Haeba ho na le moo rerile Geological le boenjiniere, jioloji, sebaka seo e se e hantle ithutileng, mosebetsi o ka qala hang-hang ho ea khanna boenjiniere le Geological phuputso e entsoeng.

Shooting o etsoa ho ithuta geomorphological le hydrogeological makgetheng, thepa geotechnical a mafika le mobu, ka bopaki ba hore e hlophisitsweng, le mafolo-folo Geological le tekolo e akaretsang ea maemo Geological sebakeng sa thulametse mesebetsi ea kaho.

Ho latela liphello tsa morolo o entsoe likhakanyo moralo le ditokomane tse qaqileng.

Dikahare tsa boenjiniere le indasteri le lithuto tsa Geological

Tloaelehileng rarahaneng le boenjiniere le dipatlisiso Geological, e le busa, ho kenyeletsa tse latelang mefuta ya mosebetsi :

• Selelekela le laboratori eo ho e lokisa ea lintho tse bonahalang bokella;
• thuto ea lifoto teleskopbomlift;
• tsela ithuta;
• geophysical dipatlisiso;
• mesebetsi sekasekale, ho akarelletsa le ho cheka liliba;
• liteko tsa mafika le mobu a le tšimong;
• hydrogeological boalosi;
• Ema lithuto;
• laboratori ea mosebetsi;
• phumano ea kaho ea meaho le mehaho;
• ka ho feletseng le laboratori eo ho e lokisa ea thepa bokella;
• ho ngoloe tlaleho ea ho qetela le nehelano e hlakileng thepa, likhothaletso le maikutlo.

diphetho ea ho qetela ea phuputso e entsoeng Geological le boenjiniere

Ha a akaretsa lintho tse bonahalang tse, u ka 'na batla ho thathamisa diphetho itseng le e hlakileng ea lithuto tsa geotechnical.

Kahoo, ho ea ka sete ya data ea boenjiniere le Geological mosebetsi etsoa le faneng likhakanyo tsa entsprechen latelang:

• botsitso lefika motheo meaho ho deformation, e isang "protrusion" ho tloha motheong;
• sawmills le tekanyo ea ho compression le nako ea mobu e ka tlaase ea meaho;
• botsitso ba mafika le mobu ka matsoapo a oa ho cheka, likoting kaho, liforo tseleng, embankments, dikes, melatsoana le tse ling tse boikhutso maiketsetso;
• botsitso ba dibopeho haeteroliki (mohlala matamo) ho kuta deformation tlas'a khatello ea matamo metsi;
• bonelang pele lebōpong le ka mor'a ho hahoa ha matamo;
• makalana botsitso ba meaho le mehaho ka ho hlaha ha tlase ho lefatshe;
• itsetsepetse boenjiniere le utility meaho emisoa ka permafrost libakeng litšisinyeho tsa lefatše kotsi, libakeng tsa cavities karst, ho ritsa ha lefatse, avalanches le tse ling tse likoluoa tsa tlhaho.

litokomane tsa taolo

Geotechnical difeme mosebetsi se etsoa ho latela ditlhoko le botekgeniki ngotsweng lethathamo le (ho Vault) Phuputso e entsoeng la melao tlhahiso ea ho tšehetsa moralo oa mesebetsi tsa go baakanyetsa pele qala ha kaho, hammoho le bakeng sa diphuputso tsoelang pele o atlehe nakong ea kaho le tšebetso ea ho fihlela ho felisa bona.

Tšoauoa lethathamo la melao e tataisang taolo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea boenjiniere bo-Geological mosebetsi phuputso e entsoeng se akarelletsa a 'maloa a dikhoutu haha le melao ea tsamaiso (senipe), e laola polao ea mesebetsi ka tsela e laetsoeng ke melao ea tsamaiso boemo le etsang molao.