Ditefello tse bao e seng tjhelete - e ... Organization ya ditefello tse cashless ka mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng. Mefuta e meng ea litokomane tefello

Cashless ditefello tse - e, ka tsela ea tšoantšetso ho bua, lijana tsa moruo. Di hlahiswa ke etsa ditefello tse ka litlaleho tse banka le ba laoloa ke ho Civil Code (Chap. 45 le 46), le Molawana ho manolotsoeng bao e seng chelete mofuta wa Banka Central ea Russia palo palo 2-P tloha 12.04.2001, chelete eo e ka isoa tlalehong bankeng molefi e ho tlaleho ya banka tsa morekisi (moamohedi).

Tšokoloho ea ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ka tefello ya sehlooho seletsa bontša e itseng boemong ba ho hōla moruong. Linaheng tse tsoetseng pele ba letseno chelete e ka bang 5% ea kakaretso ea chelete letseno. ditefello tse Cashless lumella banka bohareng ho laola tjhelete letseno ba Federation le Serussia. Ka thuso ea bona e potlakisa haholo ajoa chelete, ba thehoa nakoana mahala chelete, 'me ka thuso ea bona tsamaisong banka kgothaletsa matla a ho alima. Hape ka lebaka la matsapa tsa ajoa ka chelete (le ka pina le "ketane" oa Marx 'Thepa-Chelete-Thepa "), potlakisa le ho ajoa boitsebiso ka mmuso.

Modular sebōpeho sa ajoa ka chelete

Joalokaha u tseba, ho tloha ka 1992, ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ka Russia ba li hlahlobisisa le tsamaisoa ka thuso ea Banka ea Russia e nahane aggregates ea chelete, eo ho eona mefuta lihlopha fapaneng fapaneng ya chelete. ke eng dikahare a bona a moruo, u ka bona hore ka Figure 1.

Sekemeng 1. Modular sebopeho ka chelete

Unit M _0, ho ea ka khopolo eo classic, hokahanngwe chelete, chelete ka litlaleho tse karete, elektroniki chelete le licheke, ke hore, - .. The thepa fetisisa haholo mokelikeli. Thepa hore ba ka mafolofolo sebelisa batho ba 'mele. Tsela eo, eo ka eona ke neng ba ikemiselitse, e tjena: m0 file dinh kem = C + licheke (1).

Tlatsoa tlhaku unit trust M ₁ amanang le ho m0 file dinh kem bontšoa ke Mokgwa wa ho Nahana 2: M ₁ = M ₀ + chelete litlaleho tsa morao-rao le tsa morao-rao ka ho dibanka (2).

unit trust ena hape o bontša mesebetsi ea khoebo ea mekhatlo ea molao, ho bokella chelete bakeng sa litlaleho tse hona joale le ho fedisa le sebelisa ba bakeng sa khoebo.

Unit M _2, le eena, ke motlatsi ho mochine M _1. Ho akarelletsa chelete e potlakileng tlhaku, 't. E. The depositi tjhelete ya balebedi le mobung. Kahoo, ke boikarabelo ba nako e telele ea tsamaiso ea banka.

Ka tjhelete - the tefello ya sehlooho seletsa

Bakeng sa dikai classic ya ditefello tse ka chelete aggregate bao e seng tjhelete - e aggregates M _{1 le} M _2.

Ho feta moo, ho ea ka tlaleho ea Motlatsi Molula-setulo Pele ho Banka ea Central Georgiya Ivanovicha Luntovskogo, hona joale ka sehloohong tefello seletsa tsa Russia ba ntse ba chelete. Leha ho le joalo, kabelo ea bona ka M2 aggregate fokotseha ho tloha 35,2% ka 2005 ho 23,8% (ya data ho ea qetellong ea 2012.)

Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa letseno bona - theko e boima: hloka khethehileng chelete registratevi thepa, pokello tsamaiso, joalo-joalo Ka nako e tšoanang, linaha tsa Bophirimela ba nang le seabo ena e phethile ka ho khetheha ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ... Chelete fokotsa tekanyo ea madi aa ea chelete - e mong oa mabaka a ya moruo o matla.

The mochine litlaleho 'ngolla

Cashless ditefello tse - ke o mong oa mesebetsi ea bankeng. Ho kenya tshebetsong ka hanyane ho bula banka litlaleho intša tšehetsa kgwebo le jwale - chelete mekhatlo tekanyetso. Ka mochine oa banka le litlaleho tse 'ngolla. Joang tsamaisong ena sebetsa?

Re emela boemo bo tloaelehileng: khampani A reka lihlahisoa ya khampani le B lefang lona bao e seng chelete. Kamoo ke le monyetla oa? Ka thuso ea metsana le tiee pakeng tsa banka moreki e (B-A) le lebōpong la morekisi (B-B), ke hore,. E. diinstitusene tsa ditjhelete, moo re nahana ka khampani o ile a bula litlaleho tse ba bona ba morao-rao. Ho hlakile hore, banka moreki o na le ho fetisetsa tlaleho ea hae tshwanelanang chelete bao e seng chelete bankeng morekisi oa ho tlaleho ea hae. Ho finyella sena, e le mabopong a ba babeli ho bula litlaleho tse 'ngolla ka Banka ea Central ea Russia (CBR): COP. Kahoo, ditefello tse bao e seng tjhelete - ke litšebeletso tsa lichelete mabōpong a bareki khoebo ka litlaleho tse 'ngolla. A re khutleleng ho boemo ba rōna, ka bobeli BA le litlaleho tse 'ngolla ba banka,' me banka o ile a bula ka BB ka setheo e tšoanang - Banka ea Central (ka ho latellana: COP le COP-BA-BB).

Joang tsamaiso ea ditefello tse cashless, hlophisitsoe ke Banka ea Central? Ka mekhahlelo e meraro.

• Pele. Mokhatlo A fetisetsa chelete ka tekanyo ea ditransekshene le akhaonteng ya hao hona joale ho akhaonte 'ngolla ba B-A, lefisa ho lefa counterparty lona B.
• Bobeli. Ditefello tse tokomane kgwebo And banka hae BA laela banka bohareng ho ngola theoha chelete e lekanang ho tswa akhaontong ya 'ngolla ba COP-BA ka lebaka' ngolla le banka, e leng tšebeletso ea morekisi COP-BB.
• Boraro. Banka B, Tracking lekgetho ka lebaka lona 'ngolla nt-B, ba ileng ba tla ho hlokomela chelete ea tefo ka ho aterese ya sedirelwa B hae,' me e fetisetsa ho hlahloba tlaleho ea hae. Joalo tefello bao e seng chelete ke motheo lichelete tsa madi aa ea moruo.

Bakeng sa akhaonteng 'ngolla banka na le habeli sebopeho - Link (NOSTRO buloa CB) le e ka hare (rabi lororatna antika - ka hare tlosa go akhaonteng). sekaleng Tlaleho e ho tlaleho ea kelello le NOSTRO tlosa go specularly bontša e 'ngoe e' ngoe. kamehla hlahloba khahlanong le e mong ho etsa bonnete ba hore mahlakore ka bobeli litlaleho tsa e lekanang.

Ho fedisa ka ditaelo tefello

Hangata ka ho fetisisa, ditefello tse bao e seng chelete di qadile ke mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng-molefi. O ile a tsoela bankeng, ho sebeletsa akhaonteng lona ho fedisa ka kopo tokomane - ho fetisetsa ho tloha tlaleho ea ho tlaleho ea moamohedi ena. Tokomane e bontsha boipiletso, e bitsoang taelo tefo. A sampole ea eona u ka bona palo e ka tlase.

Ke mokhoa oa ho ditaelo tefello ba atlehe ditefello tse bao e seng chelete libakeng la fetiswa ha matlotlo ho tekanyetsokabo le chelete extrabudgetary; manolotsoeng tsa counterparties ka mokhoa oa mesebetsi ea bona ea khoebo; mokitlane le depositi banka ditransekshene; Tse ling ditransekshene bao e seng chelete.

litokomane Normative bakeng sa ditefello tse cashless

Mofuta oa tokomane ena le melao ea tlatsang lona a tsebahatsa Molawana ea Banka Central palo 2-leq tsa 03.10.2002 ne le seo a se buang palo 1256-U tsa 03.03.2003, le (ea litokomane e tšoanang tsamaisoa le mefuta e meng ea ditefello tse bao e seng chelete).

Sign mo batho ka ditjhelete le boikarabelo ba ho lefa le mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng, 'me hangata e le mookameli (ka sehloohong) le akhaontente ka sehloohong. Ruta e itseng nako ya tshebetso e matsatsi a 10, ha a bala letsatsi leo ka lona e le hore tefo e bolaoa. The sampole emetsweng palo eo, e lokela ho eketswa ke ditshaeno boletsoeng ka holimo le setempe tsa molefi le. qetellang e tlameha ho nka lebaka la ditefello tse bona ka registratevi khethehileng

Cashless ditefello tse mekhatlo (likhoebo)

Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ka mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng oa (kgwebo ya) sebeletsang pharalla ha likamano a moruo pakeng tsa mekhatlo ena. Cashless khampani fumana matlotlo fumanang ha ba rekisa lihlahisoa tsa lona o qetile (ditshebeletso), 'me mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng - dithuso ho phetha mesebetsi ea lona. chelete ena e isoa tlaleho ea k'hamphani kapa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ka maemong a mangata, ho odara tefo. The matlotlo sephetho le e karolo e 'ngoe o ile a qeta ka metsana le fa likhoebo. Il'o lefa makhetho le ditefello tse e tlamang ka chelete off-tekanyetso. Tabeng ena, ditefello tse entsoe ka hare ho leka-lekana ka tlaleho jwale ya kgwebo (mokgatlo) kapa ka mefuta e fapaneng e fanoeng ke sa kadimo-tjhelete ya banka.

Tabeng ena ho na le e itseng regularities ya ditefello tse jwalo.

Melao-motheo ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ea likhoebo (mekhatlo)

Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ka mokhatlong o hlophisitsoeng ba (ba kgwebo) e tataisoa ke melao-motheo ea itseng:

1. Chelete li tšoaroa ka litlaleho tsa banka tsa kgwebo (mokgatlo).
2. Kgwebo (mokgatlo) bolokolohing ba ho khetha e le banka etsetswa ditokiso, le mefuta e meng ea ditefello tse cashless.
3. Qalang litlaleho tsa morao-rao tsa kgwebo (mokgatlo) e laoloa ka matla a tsoang lekhetho.
4. Motheo bakeng sa se ngolle-theoha ha thepa e fumaneha ho mong'a lona.
5. Ditefello tse ho bafepedi haufi le nako eo thepa ya thepa, lihlahisoa tse tala.

tefello latelang

ditefello tse bao e seng chelete ka ketsahalo ea khaello ea chelete ka tlaleho jwale ya khampani (lik'hamphani) entsoe ka tieo le ka mokhoa o thata, e laoloa ke Art. La 855 tsa Civil Code of Federation le Serussia.

Pele ho ditefello tse kaofela ba entsoe ka writs tsa senya bophelo, hammoho le bakeng sa phetiso ya alimony. Ea bobeli - ka writs ho bolaoa e amanang le ditefello tse severance, ditefello tse ho bangodi bakeng sa tšebetso ea kelello. Mokhahlelo oa boraro ho akarelletsa ho ditefello tse ya le moputso, fetiswa ha makhetho (ditefello), ditefello tse inshorense etsa moralo oa tšebeliso ea. Oa bone - bakeng sa ba bang kaofela ba writs ena. Sebakeng bohlano - bakeng sa litokomane tse ling tefo. Taelo ea metsana tlosa laoloa dibanka. Tabeng ea tlōlo, ho ya ka mekgwatshebetso ya ho e thehiloeng ke Art. 866 tsa Civil Code, banka e negligently phethile ka tlhokomelo mosebetsi, lefa le thahasello e kholo ho latela Art. 395 tsa Civil Code.

liforomo Traditional ya ditokomane tefello

Ba bafo RF bakeng sa ditefello tse bao e seng chelete, ho phaella ho ditaelo tefello, ho sebelisa le ho tse ling: litlhaku tsa mokitlane, ditaelo pokello, ditefello tse elektronike, likōpo tsa tefo - ditaelo, licheke.

Lengolo la mokitlane e loketseng bakeng sa ho morekisi, ke hore,. E. Motho eo mohau eaba o bula lengolo la mokitlane. Etsetsoang-moreki o ea banka hae le kopo - lengolo la mokitlane. Ho etsa sena, sebelisa mofuta o ka foromong ena 0401063. The banka ka lebaka la taelo ea hore o itlama ho etsa guarantor bakeng sa tefo ea thepa e itseng a fana ho latela litokomane tsa ba ile ba lumela. Tefo chelete le nako ho kenngwa tshebetsong nako e boletsweng ka thuto. Kahoo, morekisi oa lintho tse thepa fumana tefo tiiselitsoeng, ebang ke a bale litsenyehelo ea moreki, kapa ka a bale litsenyehelo ea kadimomadi banka o ile a fumana ke eena. Banka efe tsoela ho mofani wa thepa ya banka (ya banka phethahatso). Ka ho qhekella "Mangolo a mokitlane" banka phethahatso ho tswa akhaontong ya moreki o isoa chelete, o ile a enlists baabi le bona.

Licheke tse ile a ntša ho tanka cheke pane, 'me sebelisa ba bakeng sa tefo ea raka chelete hang-hang ka mor'a hore nehelano ea cheke.

Ha pokello ho ditefello tse bao e seng chelete e emelang mofani initiator ena. O laela banka hae ho fumana chelete ea ka isoa ke molefi le, 'me ho reka ka mokitlane li akhaonteng ya hao ho hlahloba.

Electronic Tefo Systems

XXI lekholong la lilemo la o re file mokhoa tsoelang pele tsa manolotsoeng - elektroniki ditefello tse. Ho kenya tshebetsong ditefello tse cashless fetohile ka theko e tlaase ho feta. Ea etsetsoang ka nako efe kapa efe ho fetisetsa chelete tloha tefello karete ya hao kapa lebaka la "sepache elektroniki", o ile a bula ka tsamaiso ea elektronike tefo, akhaonteng mong kapa karete. Sena se etsa hore ho ka khoneha ho etsa ditefello tse ka nako efe kapa efe, ho tloha ya hao PC, ho akarelletsa le lapeng phutholohile sepakapaka.

Ho etsa sena ka PC hlomamisa ho web-app e WM-Keeper Leseli, le smartphone - Telepat.

Joale basebelisi Russia sebelisa litšebeletso tsa ba mashome a seng makae tsa tsamaiso ea tefo. Ka 1998 ho ne ho PayCash tsamaiso eo a 1999 - ka WebMoney, ka 2002 - "Yandex". tsamaiso ea tefello tsena sebelisana hantle le tsamaiso ea machaba karete tefo le MastercardMass VisaInternational. mesebetsi ea tsamaiso ea chelete ea elektronike e laolwa ke Molao Federal "Ka National Tefo System."

bofello

Ho hlakile hore, ho ajoa ka chelete ka Federation Russia hona joale e na le ha ho a lekana matla sebopeho, kaha e ntse e le karolo e khōlō ea eona e lula ka ditefello tse chelete.

Ho sa le joalo, tsoelo-pele ea ditefello tse cashless na le pono e nepahetseng. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, theknoloji lichelete tsa XXI lekholong la lilemo la ka ho kgothaletsa financiers. Ka ho khetheha, ntshetsopele ya thekenoloji lesedi e entsoeng ditefello tse elektronike ka sesebelisoa loketseng le tenyetseha. Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng ho fumana haholo ba ntlafala, e fetohile ka lebelo le ka tšeptjoang haholoanyane. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa Ntlafatso ea bohlokoa ea ditefello tse bao e seng tjhelete e tla hloka ho feta hlophisitsoeng le boiteko ho kopantswe ea lefapha la banka, tsamaiso ea tefo le khoebo.