Ballistic lerumo "Sineva": libopeho le tlhaloso

Morao lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, hona ho leka pele ho beha metsu ka submarines li nkiloe. khopolo ke ea moenjiniere Russia K. A. Shilderu. Ho ea ka mosebetsi oo ka Alexandrovsky foundry ka March 1834 e ne e hahiloe "Lata" sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie. Empa ha ho mohla ile ea sebelisoa ke le Russia Imperial Navy. Leha ho le joalo, khopolo ea ho lopolla metsu covertly sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ile ntshetswa pele ka ntshetsopele ya baenjiniere ba bang ba sesole. Haholo-holo tse thahasellisang ho tloha ntlha ena ea lebaka la lerumo "Sineva".

Ka tlas'a metsi Sebetsa tsa ho iphetetsa

III Reich hape ba ile ba leka ho kenya tshebetsong le khopolo ea ho tsoibiloang metsu tloha sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ka mokhoa ona. Ho joalo, ka e le setsi sa Peenemunde lehlabuleng la 1942. U-511 sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ile sokoloha bakeng sa morero ona. Ena qetellong, ho Lata - merafong phatloha caliber 280 limilimithara le 210 limilimithara - di phetheloa.

Hape khanna liteko tseo ka tsona ho thunngoa ho ne o atlehe ho bolibeng ba pakeng tsa 9 le 15 limithara tse. Tabeng ena, fapaneng palo e kahodimodimo ea lerumo la e ne e le ka hare ho 4 km.

A betsa sephetho ne atleha hoo ka tlaleho teko e bontša ka monyetla oa ho sebelisa a teraekile selao ke submarines Jeremane e lebōpong American.

The "leqhubu"

Ha mosebetsi oa ho ho tsoibiloang metsu tloha submarines lokela ho ho nkoa ka hloko dikarolo tse ngata. Tsena li akarelletsa:

• rocketry;
• ka tlas'a metsi shipbuilding;
• Qala metsu;
• taolo ka sefofane.

ho kopana le liphephetso tsena morero o ba amohetse ka khoutu "leqhubu" le ka October 1948 moenjiniere V. Ganin ile ba nehelana ka lengolo le moqapi oa. E o ile a hlokomela bokhoni ba ho qala metsu tloha maemong a fapaneng:

• tshekaletseng,
• paatsepama
• sekametse.

Motheo bakeng sa metsu eohle e ile ea e-ea lefatše ho ea pele tshebetso-e etsoang ka maqiti P-11. O ne a 'maloa a menyetla:

• Ke Kopana le mmuso tlala;
• tse nyenyane boholo;
• sebelisoa e le dikarolo le oxidizing moemeli e thehiloeng acid e nitric.

All ena e thusitse ho nolofatsa ho sebetsa ha libetsa tse joalo.

Ka tlas'a metsi simolleng, eo ho eona R-21 ba ile ba tlotsoa Lata mokelikeli hlahile ka USSR. E ne e le ka ho ya 1960 ya. Tabeng ena, ho qala ka metsu sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie e ne e entsoe ka khonehang ka bolibeng ka tlas'a metsi ba limithara tse 40 ho ea ho 50.

"Sineva"

Ho na le makgetha a ho buka e ikhethang mochine P-29RM, e molemo tsejoa e le lerumo ballistic "The putsoa".

Ho rarolla ka mathata a 'maloa:

• Ke 'nete hore khalemelo ka matshwao a medumo tsa satellitari;
• sefofane tseleng fetolwa ho itšetlehile ka sebaka;
• bokhoni ba ho tsitlella abela warheads maikemisetso fapaneng;
• tšebeliso ea limisaele tse Arctic.

Ka monyetla oa ho mollo ho tloha North Pole e se e bontšitse ka September 2006 lerumo bajari "Yekaterinburg". lerumo "Sineva" e ne e sebelisoa qalong-up.

Sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Tula"

Khopolo ea tsamaisa metsu nako e telele ka submarines e se e sebediswa ka botlalo ka sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa nyutlelie "Tula".

Ho lerumo hlomamisa "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), ho tloha June 2000 ho fihlela ka April 21, 2004 "Tula" o ile a nka modernization tebileng, e leng o ile a thusa eketsa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie stealth. E ile ea ntlafala libetsa tsa elektronike. Hape e ile ea eketseha oona tsamaisong sekepe survivability, e kenyeletsang polokeho ea nyutlelie.

"Tula" o ka tlas'a metsi lebelo la mafito 24 (44 km SE / ka lebelo) ka palo e kahodimodimo ho qoelisoa botebo ba limithara tse 650. The tsamaya ikemetseng, e ka ba matsatsi a 90 le basebetsi ba tsa batho ba 140.

Armament sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie haholo tiileng. Ho phaella ho ballistic lerumo "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) le 16 tsoibilang bakeng sa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie a hlomelloa le methapo torpedo. Hape le ka ho sona ba MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

E le hore ho na le khopolo ea litekanyo tsa sehlopha sa sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie tsa nyutlelie "Tula", ho buuoa ka etswa le ntse bolelele ka ho fetisisa (ka moralo waterline) - limithara tse 167,4! Bolelele ba tšimo ea bolo ea maoto, mohlala, limithara tse 120.

Mora ntlafatsa ho sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Tula" entseng lerumo lonthja "Sineva" Leoatleng le Barents ho liphofu ka equator Pacific. Ka mor'a ho hlōla liphofu km SE 11.547 ne ka katleho otla.

Features "Sineva"

Tse tharo-sethaleng lerumo, ha thehoa ke oa potoloho tiisitsoe oo mekhahlelo ba lokisetsa sequentially. Boosters "khangoa ke metsi" ka LRE ditanka le 'ngoe hlakanywa kopano eo tanka-ba ile ba kopanela tsamaiso.

Ha lerumo boima ba 40,3 limithara bolelele ba limithara tse 14,8. Bakeng sa ho ngola ka theko qalang PL bophara fokotswa ho 1,9 limithara, le boima ba feela karolo e khōlō e lekanang 2,8 m.

Ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa Lata ke hlooho ea eona ka sehloohong karolo, e leng e entsoe ka ho na le masakana a mane le leshome. Kahoo, e mong le e ba bona ba na le tataiso ka bomong.

Ha metsu a sebelisoa khahlanong bao e seng tsa nyutlelie, e leng hlooho karolo nkile le phahameng phatloha fragmentation warhead rarollela, eo boima ka 2 boima ba lithane tse. tsamaiso ea tsena na le e ikhethang tšobotsi - e phahameng-sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng ho timetsoa ha liphofu.

Lerumo "Sineva", litšobotsi tsa eo re nahana ka hlomelloa le tsa nyutlelie warhead ultrasmall boholo ( TNT lekanang lithane tse 50). Sena se nolofalletsa hore o sebetsa e qala ho buoa sebakeng se fanoeng.

"Sighting" a betsa kgatlhanang

Intercontinental lerumo "The putsoa" e ne e akarelletsa ho metsu D-9RM. Di hlometseng ka submarines tsa nyutlelie 667BRDM porojeke e ne (NATO tlhophiso Delta-IV).

Ka boeona e rarahaneng le ile la promvooruzhenie ka 1986. Empa ho tloha ka 1996 ho 1999, taba ea ho metsu khaotsa. Le ka 1999 ho hlahisoeng bona e ile ea qalella ho hape ka phetolelo e sebjalebjale.

Le ntlafatso ya mefuta e fapaneng ya lerumo le "Sineva" feta litsupa ea litsamaiso US tsa sehlopha sena ( "Trident-2"), e leng e ka hlōla mokoallo oa km 11 sekete. pokello e hōjana ha a na leha e le lerumo 'ngoe lefatšeng ka bophara.

Ka nako e tšoanang o ile a lumela ka molao hore fapaneng "Sineva" ke 8300 km SE. Ho tloha ha likepe ho ile ha etsoa lerumo phatlalatsang putsoa?

Molaoli e Moholo wa Russia Navy Vladimir Vysotsky ile a tsebisoa hore ena metsu phetolo hlometseng ka submarines tsa nyutlelie sebetsa ho ntoa mosebetsi ka maoatleng. 7 feela ea morero lerumo ile fumanoa ka ea Russia Navy.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental ballistic lerumo "Bulava" e lokela ho hlomella mofuta sebelisa libetsa tsa nyutlelie "Northwind", eo e fumaneha 12 lerumo meliko eo.

tsamaiso ena ea tshebetso ditekanyetos le fatše tse thehiloeng lerumo mehahong "Topol-M". Tabeng ena, "Bulava" e radius ea sefofane fihla 8000 km le, nakong e boima ba 'mele oa boima ba lithane tse 36,8 tsa limisaele. warheads tsa nyutlelie o warheads ngata. Tšekamelo ea qalisang dumella tlas'a metsi qala ho "tsamaea."

Ho ea ka lona litšobotsi tse lerumo "Bulava" le "Sineva" tšoanang haholo le fapana feela mofuta oa enjene ophthalmogyric. Ka "Bulava" O tiileng, 'me "Sineva" - mokelikeli. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ka mohato ea ho qetela ea lerumo sefofane "Mace" le sebelisitsoe fluidic enjene, ho fana ka menyetla eketsehileng ho eketsa lebelo le ho laola.

dikopo khotso ballistic metsu

Ho sokoloha lenaneo outboard ballistic metsu e ne e le motheo oa ho moralo la bajari kang "leqhubu" le "Calm".

Ya e le hantle, ba ile ba lahleheloa ke ka bokgoni ba bona, "Union" le "le proton e", empa e hantle haholo ikamahanya le maemo ho rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng pelehi ka tlaase Earth orbit.

mehahong tsena e le "Calm" le "leqhubu" e ile ea tsebahala haholo ka lebaka la taba ea hore ba ne ba bōpiloe ka lebaka la R-29R (lerumo "Sineva").

Ka 1991-1993, submariners Russia ho ile ha etsoa tshimolotse tse tharo tsa limisaele joalo bakeng sa tsela suborbital.

Ke eng hape e ka ba thahasellisa ho hlokomela? metsu sokoloha ha mofuta "Sineva" esita le a bukeng ea Guinness ea Lefatše Records e le lebelo ka ho fetisisa-mail.

June 7, 1995 ka thuso ea ho microcyteme Lata R-29R le sete ya thepa saense e ile a qala ka ho Russia ea nyutlelie-tsamaisoa pshatlang leqhoa "Ryazan". Ka boto le boetse ba ho behile e-mail ngollano. Ka mor'a metsotso e 20, tse fofang 9000 km le, ho komiki ile ka katleho tlisoa Kamchatka.